Download or read book Evaluation of Sweet Sorghum Cultivars as a Potential Rotation Crop in Molecular Farming and as a Feedstock Crop for Ethanol Production and Co generation written by Brett R. Weeden and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Sweet Sorghum Cultivars as a Potential Ethanol Crop in Mississippi written by David Scott Horton (II) and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petroleum prices have made alternative fuel crops a viable option for ethanol production. Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor] is a non-food crop that may produce large quantities of ethanol with minimal inputs. Eleven cultivars were planted in 2008 and 2009 as a half-season crop. Four-row plots 6.9 m by 0.5 m, were monitored bimonthly for °Brix, height, and sugar accumulation. Yield and extractable sap were taken at the end of season. Stalk yield was greatest for the cultivar Sugar Top (4945 kg ha -1) and lowest for Simon (1054 kg ha−1). Dale ranked highest ethanol output (807 L ha−1) while Simon (123 L ha−1) is the lowest. All cultivars peak Brix accumulation occurs in early October. Individual sugar concentrations indicated sucrose is the predominant sugar with glucose and fructose levels dependent on cultivar. Supplemental ethanol in fermented wort was the best preservative tested to halt degradation of sorghum wort.
Download or read book Characterization of Improved Sweet Sorghum Cultivars written by P. Srinivasa Rao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-05 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of driving forces, including the soaring global crude oil prices and environmental concerns in both developed and developing nations has triggered a renewed interest in the recent years on the R&D of biofuel crops. In this regard, many countries across the globe are investing heavily in the bioenergy sector for R&D to increase their energy security and reduce their dependence on imported fossil fuels. Currently, most of the biofuel requirement is met by sugarcane in Brazil and corn in the United States, while biodiesel from rapeseed oil in Europe. Sweet sorghum has been identified as a unique biofuel feedstock in India since it is well adapted to Indian agro-climatic conditions and more importantly it does not jeopardize food security at the cost of fuel. Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is considered as a SMART new generation energy crop as it can accumulate sugars in its stalks similar to sugarcane, but without food¬¬-fuel trade-offs and can be cultivated in almost all temperate and tropical climatic conditions and has many other advantages. The grain can be harvested from the panicles at maturity. There is no single publication detailing the agronomic and biochemical traits of tropical sweet sorghum cultivars and hybrid parents. Hence, an attempt is made in this publication- “Characterization of improved sweet sorghum cultivars” to detail the complete description of cultivars. This book serves as a ready reference on the detailed characterization of different improved sweet sorghum genotypes following the PPVFRA guidelines for the researchers, entrepreneurs, farmers and other stakeholders to identify the available sweet sorghum cultivars and understand their yield potential in tropics.
Download or read book Potential Ethanol Production and By product Evaluation of Ten Sweet Sorghum Cultivars written by Stanley S. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing Sweet Sorghum for Optimum Ethanol Yield in Missouri written by Michael Joseph William Maw and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sweet sorghum has the potential in Missouri for production as a biofuel feedstock, but little is known of the crop's yields and appropriate nitrogen management for optimizing ethanol yields. This thesis is a collection of three field studies examining the potential for sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) to be adopted as a biofuel feedstock for ethanol production in the Midwestern U.S. Limited research exists examining the optimum nitrogen fertilizer rate for maximum ethanol yields as well as sweet sorghum's adaptability to the lower Midwestern states. The first study included testing the effects of five N fertilizer rates (0, 56, 112, 168, 224 kg-N ha-1) on the production of two sweet sorghum cultivars (Dale and Top 76-6) over three years in central Missouri. Yields measured included dry matter, stem juice, Brix, fermentable sugar, theoretical juice ethanol, theoretical lignocellulosic ethanol, and total theoretical ethanol. N fertilizer treatment mostly increased yields, as total dry matter yield averaged 16.8 Mg ha-1, fermentable sugar yield averaged 1055 kg ha-1, and total ethanol yield averaged 5828 L ha-1 . The optimal range for N fertilizer rates was between 112 and 168 kg N ha-1. The second study included determining the above-ground plant N concentration, plant N content, N recovery efficiency, and physiological N-use efficiency of sorghum from the first study. Nitrogen treatment significantly affected plant N concentration and N content. Greater yields resulted in greater N recovery efficiency but did not always result in greater N-use efficiency. The optimum range for highest nitrogen recovery and use efficiencies was identified as 0-112 kg N ha-1 . The purpose of the third study was to better understand sweet sorghum's affect on soil organic carbon. This involved comparing the effects of an alternative sweet sorghum--soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation to a maize (Zea mays L.)--soybean rotation at three study sites in Missouri and Arkansas on yields, soil organic carbon, the labile soil carbon fraction and the physically-stabilized fraction. Sweet sorghum ethanol yields were greater than maize yields across sites, but the soil carbon similarly decreased regardless of crop and location. Sweet sorghum is a high-yielding biomass feedstock that shows promise for production in Missouri, especially in marginal lands. With proper nitrogen fertilizer management sweet sorghum is shown to be an efficient plant for ethanol yield, but it may negatively affect soil organic carbon following land-use changes for biofuel production.
Download or read book Heterosis and Composition of Sweet Sorghum written by Rebecca J. Corn and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has potential as a bioenergy feedstock due to its high yield potential and the production of simple sugars for fermentation. Sweet sorghum cultivars are typically tall, high biomass types with juicy stalks and high sugar concentration. These sorghums can be harvested, milled, and fermented to ethanol using technology similar to that used to process sugarcane. Sweet sorghum has advantages in that it can be planted by seed with traditional planters, is an annual plant that quickly produces a crop and fits well in crop rotations, and it is a very water-use efficient crop. Processing sweet sorghum is capital intensive, but it could fit into areas where sugarcane is already produced. Sweet sorghum could be timed to harvest and supply the sugar mill during the off season when sugarcane is not being processed, be fit into crop rotations, or used in water limiting environments. In these ways, sweet sorghum could be used to produce ethanol in the Southern U.S and other tropical and subtropical environments. Traditionally, sweet sorghum has been grown as a pureline cultivar. However, these cultivars produce low quantities of seed and are often too tall for efficient mechanical harvest. Sweet sorghum hybrids that use grain-type seed parents with high sugar concentrations are one way to overcome limitation to seed supply and to capture the benefits of heterosis. There are four objectives of this research. First to evaluate the importance of genotype, environment, and genotype-by-environment interaction effects on the sweet sorghum yield and composition. The second objective is to determine the presence and magnitude of heterosis effects for traits related to sugar production in sweet sorghum. Next: to study the ability of sweet sorghum hybrids and cultivars to produce a ratoon crop and determine the contribution of ratoon crops to total sugar yield. The final objective is to evaluate variation in composition of sweet sorghum juice and biomass. Sweet sorghum hybrids, grain-type sweet seed parents, and traditional cultivars that served as male parents were evaluated in multi-environment trials in Weslaco, College Station, and Halfway, Texas in 2007 and 2008. Both genotype and environment influenced performance, but environment had a greater effect than genotype on the composition of sweet sorghum juice and biomass yield. In comparing performance, elite hybrids produced fresh biomass and sugar yields similar to the traditional cultivars while overcoming the seed production limitations. High parent heterosis was expressed among the experimental hybrids for biomass yield, sugar yield and sugar concentration. Additional selection for combining ability would further enhance yields and heterosis in the same hybrid. Little variation was observed among hybrids for juice and biomass composition suggesting that breeding efforts should focus on yield before altering plant composition.
Download or read book Growing Sweet Sorghum as a Source of Fermentable Sugars for Energy written by Gary John Gascho and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies were conducted to evaluate the potential of sweet sorghum as a fuel ethanol feedstock for the southern coastal plain. Several cultural aspects were studied and a methol for rapid evaluation of the fermentable sugar concentrtions in the stalks was developed. The major findings of the studies were. 1. Wray, M81E, and MN1500 were the highest yielding early, medium, and late-maturing cultivars tested. Because of its high sugar concentration and resistance to lodging, Wray was the best single cultivar. 2. On the better agricultural soils of the area, the yield potential is five to six metric tons of total sugars per hectare. 3. The best planting time is in early May. Yields are reduced in plantings after mid-May because of early maturity and damage from the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). The best harvest time is at the soft, to hard-dough stages of the seed. To maintain a constant supply of high-yielding sweet sorghum for a fuel ethanol plant, it was demonstrated the combinations of cultivars, planting dates, and harvest stages resulted in 95% of maximum sugar yield over a four-month period. 5. Nutrient requirements for sweet sorghum were low in comparisons to corn. No response to P or K was found when the soil test was high or medium for the elements, respectively. For a medium P soil test, yield responses were obtained to at least 25 kg P/ha. For a low K test, response was obtained to 186 kg K/ha. Response was obtained to about 100 kg N/ha. The N application should be split, with about one-half to two-thirds applied as a sidedressing when the sorghum is 30 to 60 cm high. No response was found to a 10-34-0 starter fertilizer, but the P soil test was high in this study. 6. The actual removal of nutrients by a sweet sorghum crop was determined to be 1,5 kg/MT fresh stalks for N, 0.3 for P, 1.8 for K, 0,6 for Ca and 0,3 for Mg. 7. No yield advantage was found in decreasing the row sapcing from 90 cm nor was there as advantage to increasing the population above 75 thousand plants per hectare. 8. The best control of annual grasses was obtained with a propazine plus metolachlor treatment. 9. No positive responses were found to the application of several growth regulators. 10. As automated analysis for determining the concentrations of total sugars in fresh or frozen sweet sorghum stalks was developed using an AutoAnalyzer II.
Download or read book Production Potential of Sweet Sorghum ISorghum Bicolon L MOENCH Cultivars for Ethanol Production Under Varying Levels of Fertility and Plant Population written by H.S. Latha and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing High Biomass Sorghum for Optimum Ethanol Yield in Missouri written by Michael Joseph William Maw and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High Biomass Sorghum (HBS) has potential for production as a biofuel feedstock in Missouri, but little is known of the crop’s yield and appropriate nitrogen (N) management for optimizing ethanol yields, especially in a low-input cropping system on marginal lands. This dissertation is a collection of four studies examining the potential for HBS (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) to be adopted as a biofuel feedstock for ethanol production in the Midwestern U.S. Limited research exists of studying HBS crop yield response to N fertilizer in the Midwest to determine the optimum N rate for maximizing N recovery efficiency (NRE) and N use efficiency (NUE). The first study tested the effects of five N fertilizer rates (0, 56, 112, 168, 224 kg N ha-1 ) on the production of two HBS hybrids (ES 5200 and ES 5201) over two years in central Missouri. Yields of stem and leaf dry matter (DM), and lignocellulosic ethanol (LEY) were measured. Tissue N concentration of leaves and stems were used to calculate N content, NRE, and physiological NUE. Yield of HBS was greatest at 56 kg N ha-1 and above, but NRE and NUE decreased at higher N rates. Reduced rainfall in the second year contributed to no N response in yield. The second study determined the corresponding HBS leaf and stem concentration and contents of 11 macro- and micronutrients from the first study above. Response to N fertilizer rate was controlled by differences between years in rainfall. Reduced DM in the second year resulted in increased concentrations, but less elemental uptake and a resultant delayed N response demonstrate the strong link between nutrient uptake and plant growth following the precipitation. A desire to test HBS yield against other annual bioenergy crops led to the third study, which included establishing long-term research plots at two marginal sites, in central Missouri and southwest Missouri, comparing HBS to maize (Zea mays L.) and sweet sorghum for potential ethanol yield in five years (2010-2014) given minimal inputs. Each crop was planted in a two-year rotation with soybean (Glycine max L.). Theoretical ethanol yields of sweet sorghum and HBS were similar and greater than maize at both locations. Drought severely limited yields of all three crop rotations, but HBS was the most stable in yield across the five years. These results provided a beginning understanding of the stability of HBS on marginal Missouri cropland. Study four involved collecting soil cores from each of the crop plots in study three in 2010, 2011, and 2014 to understand the impact of HBS, compared to maize and sweet sorghum, on soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration and stock, as well as the labile soil carbon fraction (AC). Concentrations of SOC and AC within all crop plots decreased over the first two years at both sites, but after five years the SOC concentrations returned to levels similar to initial 2010 levels, while the AC concentrations decreased. The southwestern Missouri site had a slight positive trend in AC concentration from 2011 to 2014, suggesting beneficial effects from the biofuel feedstocks. Due to the occurrence of drought during the study, the findings have relevance for evaluating land management impacts on SOC in a changing climate. High biomass sorghum is a high-yielding biomass feedstock that shows promise for production in Missouri, especially on marginal lands. Even moderate rates of N fertilizer have the potential to positively increase DM and theoretical ethanol yield in adequate rainfall years. However, intensive nutrient management may prove necessary with continual DM removal. The short-term trend of HBS stemming SOC loss compared to maize production on marginal sites provides support for continued research into the potential for HBS production in Missouri.
Download or read book Culture of Sweet Sorghum for Sirup Production written by Kelly C. Freeman and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crop Model Review and Sweet Sorghum Crop Model Parameter Development written by Seth A. Perkins and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Opportunities for alternative biofuel feedstocks are widespread for a number of reasons: increased environmental and economic concerns over corn production and processing, limitations in the use of corn-based ethanol to 57 billion L (15 billion gal) by the Energy Independence and Security Act (US Congress, 2007), and target requirements of 136 billion L (36 billion gal) of renewable fuel production by 2022. The objective of this study was to select the most promising among currently available crop models that have the potential to model sweet sorghum biomass production in the central US, specifically Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, and to develop and test sweet sorghum crop parameters for this model. Five crop models were selected (CropSyst, CERE-Sorghum, APSIM, ALMANAC, and SORKAM), and the models were compared based on ease of use, model support, and availability of inputs and outputs from sweet sorghum biomass data and literature. After reviewing the five models, ALMANAC was selected as the best suited for the development and testing of sweet sorghum crop parameters. The results of the model comparison show that more data are needed about sweet sorghum physiological development stages and specific growth/development factors before the other models reviewed in this study can be readily used for sweet sorghum crop modeling. This study used a unique method to calibrate the sweet sorghum crop parameter development site. Ten years of crop performance data (Corn and Grain Sorghum) for Kansas Counties (Riley and Ellis) were used to select an optimum soil water (SW) estimation method (Saxton and Rawls, Ritchie et al., and a method that added 0.01 m m−1 to the minimum SW value given in the SSURGO soil database) and evapotranspiration (ET) method (Penman-Montieth, Priestley-Taylor, and Hargraeves and Samani) combination for use in the sweet sorghum parameter development. ALMANAC general parameters for corn and grain sorghum were used for the calibration/selection of the SW/ET combination. Variations in the harvest indexes were used to simulate variations in geo-climate region grain yield. A step through comparison method was utilized to select the appropriate SW/ET combination. Once the SW/ET combination was selected the combination was used to develop the sweet sorghum crop parameters. Two main conclusions can be drawn from the sweet sorghum crop parameter development study. First, the combination of Saxton and Rawls (2006) and Priestley-Taylor (1972) (SR-PT) methods has the potential for wide applicability in the US Central Plains for simulating grain yields using ALMANAC. Secondly, from the development of the sweet sorghum crop model parameters, ALMANAC modeled biomass yields with reasonable accuracy; differences from observed biomass values ranged from 0.89 to 1.76 Mg ha −1 (2.8 to 9.8%) in Kansas (Riley County), Oklahoma (Texas County), and Texas (Hale County). Future research for sweet sorghum physiology, Radiation Use Efficiency/Vapor Pressure Deficit relationships, and weather data integration would be useful in improving sweet sorghum biomass modeling.
Download or read book Energy Information Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sorghum Biochemistry written by CV Ratnavathi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-06-01 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum Biochemistry: An Industrial Perspective explores the many uses for sorghum in industry and biofuels. Not only does it offer a detailed understanding of the physical and biochemical qualities of the grain, it also takes an in-depth look at the role sorghum plays in such industries as brewing and ethanol production and the mechanics of post-harvest processing and value addition. Sorghum has long been an important staple in Africa and Asia, but its value goes far beyond its uses in human and animal consumption. Sorghum is also used in many industries, including waxes, packing material, wall board, ethanol, beverages, and brewing, and one variety called sweet sorghum has also been used as a bioenergy crop. Sorghum Biochemistry: An Industrial Perspective offers a closer look at how the grain is used in such a variety of ways, and how we can continue to optimize its potential. Provides detailed biochemical studies on grain sorghum to inform researchers grappling with similar issues Offers foundational information on the quality and composition of sorghum as a grain Covers a variety of uses for sorghum in many industries, including food and beverage, energy, and brewing Includes photos and illustrations to enhance the understanding of processes and sorghum biochemistry
Download or read book Sweet Sorghum and Nitrogen written by Khaled Miri and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-07 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sweet sorghum is versatile as a high value crop. Besides, bio-fuel, feed and fodder, it is very interesting for low cost and nutritious food . It has the potential of becoming a useful energy crop. It has been evaluated as an alcohol fuel crop with a promising future. This crop is attractive because of the easy accessibility of readily fermentable sugars combined with very high yields of green biomass suitable for production of more quantity of ethanol per unit time, per unit cost and per unit of water used . In India, it has been used for nearly 150 years to produce concentrated syrup with a distinctive flavor due to its characteristic of juicy stalks high in sugar. The ethanol production process is more Eco-friendly than that of sugarcane and its molasses (Morris, 2006). Nitrogen fertilizer combined with other inputs play crucial roles in yield and overall quality of sweet sorghum products. The present book is parts of studies which were conducted to determine suitable genotype and nitrogen level for higher productivity, nitrogen use efficiency and economic returns from sweet sorghum cultivation.
Download or read book Biomass and Ethanol Production of Sweet Sorghum Varieties as Influenced by Plant Densities Nitrogen and Allelogenic Tree Biomass Application written by J. V. N. S. Prasad and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fuel from Farms written by Solar Energy Information Data Bank (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decision to produce; Markets and uses; Market assessment; Prodution potential; Equipment selection; Financial requirements; Decision and planning workssheets; Basic ethanol production; Preparation of feedstocks, Fermentation; Distillation; Types of feedstocks; Coproduct yields; Agronomic considerations; Plant design; Overall plant considerations; Process control; Representative ethanol plant; Maintenance checklist; Business plan; Analysis of financial requirements; Organizational form; Financing; Case study; Summary of legislation; Bureau of alcohol, tabacco, and firearms permit information; Enviromental considerations.
Download or read book Sweet Sorghum written by R. Ferraris and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
