Download or read book Evaluation of Soil Properties Using Various Type of Lab Tests on Clay at Pekan Area Treated with Limes as an Alternate Soil Improvement Method written by Clarence David Miieg and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Properties Comparison of Lime Treated Soft Clay written by Amir Saifuddin Amram and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objectives of this research are to determine the plasticity properties and the shear strength properties of lime treated soft clay. The physical properties and shear strength properties of lime treated soft clays are investigated by conducting laboratory test such as atterberg limit test and unconfined compression test. Atterberg limit test have been carried out for 7 days of curing period for the treated clay with the optimum lime content. For unconfined compressive test, the test have been carried out for 7, 14, and 28 days of curing period. For atterberg limit, there is an increment in both plastic and liquid limit of the lime treated soft clay and untreated soft clay. The liquid limits for untreated soil is 66.5% then increase into 73.30% when 20% lime is added. The plastic limit for untreated soil sample is 34.9% before it increase to 38.68% for 20% lime added respectably. This resulted an increment in plasticity index from 31.55% for untreated sample to 34.62% at 20% lime. For unconfined compressive test, the result have shown that there is an increment for the axial stress based on the curing days. The maximum axial stress for the untreated clay is initially 158.47 kN/m2. After added with 20% of lime content, the maximum axial stress is increased to 209.21 kN/m2 for 7 days of curing while for 14 and 28 days, the maximum axial stress are 231.19 kN/m2 and 352.02 kN/m2. It can be conclude that, lime stabilization method can be used as a soil treatment program for soft clay especially for road construction.
Download or read book Improvement on Engineering Properties of Pekan Soft Clay Treated with Hydrated Lime as a Method of Soil Stabilizer written by Nurul Zawarni Zaim and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Strength of Kaolin Stabilized with Various Percentage of Lime and 4 Silica Fume written by Mohammad Syafiq Ideris and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clay soil as known as soft soil present difficulties to geotechnical engineer due to its complex nature and also contain variable materials. This type of soil can be categorized as problematic soil due to its weak properties. As the preliminary stage, soft clay soil did not meet the requirement for construction purpose. This is because the entire load from the top of the building will be transferred to the underlying soil. As we know the strength of soil is weak, without proper design, modification and earthwork, construction problem such as cracking, settlement of building may be occur and the building may collapse within its design life. It is very risky if the construction is still continuing on this type of soil without any remediation or improvement on the soil itself. Therefore, a proper modification for the soil itself is required to alter the soil become stronger; hence meet the requirement to use in construction industry. There are various methods to improve the soil. This research proposes about soil stabilization method that is soft clay soil Kaolin S300 stabilized with various percentages of lime and 4% silica fume. Percentages of lime used are 3%,5%,7% and 9%. While the percentage of silica fume used is fixed that is 4%. The main objectives in this research is to conduct the improvement of undrained shear strength of soft clay soil mixed with various percentages of lime and 4% silica fume. The improvement will be observed based on different percentage of lime. Other physical and mechanical tests that involves in this study are Atterberg Limit, Falling Head, Standard Compaction, Hydrometer, and Specific Gravity, The properties of soil was compared between the kaolin only and different percentages of lime mixed with 4% silica fume. The main test in this research is unconfined compressive test that is to determine the undrained shear strength. From the study, the optimum amount value of lime is 5%. This is because at 5% lime content, the maximum stress achieve is 29.37 kPa which is optimum compared to others percentage. It is shown that, the strength of soft clay is improved by 14.28%. Based on laboratory test result, it can be concluded that soil stabilization by using lime and silica fume can improved the strength of soft clay. Lastly, after all the tests had been done, correlation equation and cohesion value for each test were list out in graph and tabular form as well.
Download or read book Soil Properties written by Cheng Liu and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the Amrican Society for Testing and Materials procedures, the most commonly used methods in civil engineering practice, this laboratory manual has been expanded and updated to include current information. The classification of soils for engineering purposes is covered.
Download or read book Determination of Basic Soil Properties and Shear Strength of Pekan Soft Clay written by Mohd Faruq Sa'adon and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soft clay soil can be categorized as problematic soil. The low strength and high compressibility characteristics the soil had, are the major reasons why a careful design analysis could be taken for any structure built on it. Due to these problems, soil investigation on the basic properties and shear strength of the soil must be carried out. This soft clay study has contributed to local engineering studies regarding the basic soil properties and shear strength in Langgar and Pahang Tua soil, where both are located in Pekan. Attempts were made to analyze the soil samples in laboratory. Overall, from the basic soil properties results, there are strong potential for the soil in Langgar and Pahang Tua to be concluded as soft clay type of soil. From the requirement set by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASTHO), both Langgar and Pahang Tua soil samples have been dominant by clay particles with more than 35% passing the No.200 sieve, which are 52% in Langgar and 57% in Pahang Tua. The natural moisture content in Langgar and Pahang Tua soil samples are each 57% and 48% which are within the range of moisture content for soft clay soil. For atterberg limit results, Langgar has liquid limit of 51% and plastic limit of 26%. For Pahang Tua, the liquid limit and plastic limit result are 58% and 27%. Based on plasticity chart, both Langgar and Pahang Tua have been determined to be plotted as clay with high plasticity. The shear strength test results have clearly shown the weakness of Langgar and Pahang Tua soil which are within the strength of a soft clay. Both Langgar and Pahang Tua have 19.18kPa and 21.11kPa of shear strength. The results that have been determined from this study can give an extra dimension and usage for engineers to use for any preliminary design in the area of Pekan. The results data of the basic soil properties and shear strength could also allow a quick and economic alternative in order to design for construction on soft clay soil.
Download or read book The In situ Properties of Clay Soil in Pekan Using Cone Penetration Test written by Nur Zaki Arbain and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Pysicho mechanical Properties of Clayey Soils Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging Technique written by Golam Kibria and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resistivity imaging (RI) is a promising approach to obtaining continuous profile of soil subsurface. This method offers simple technique to identify moisture variation and heterogeneity of the investigated area. However, at present, only qualitative information of subsurface can be obtained using RI. A study on the quantification of geotechnical properties has become important for rigorous use of this method in the evaluation of geohazard potential and construction quality control of landfill liner system. Several studies have been performed to describe electrical resistivity of soil as a function of pore fluid conductivity and surface conductance. However, characterization tests on pore water and surface charge are not typically performed in a conventional geotechnical investigation. The overall objective of this study is to develop correlations between geotechnical parameters and electrical resistivity of soil, which would provide a mean to estimate geotechnical properties from RI. As a part of the study, multiple regression analyses were conducted to develop practically applicable models correlating resistivity with influential geotechnical parameters. The soil samples considered in this study were classified as highly plastic clay (CH) and low plasticity clay (CL) according to Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). Based on the physical tests, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, kaolinite was identified as the dominant mineral with some traces of magnesium, calcium, potassium, and iron. Electrical resistivity tests were conducted on compacted clays and undisturbed samples under varied geotechnical conditions. The experimental results indicated that the degree of saturation substantially influenced electrical resistivity. Electrical resistivity decreased as much as 11 times from initial value for the increase of degree of saturation from 23 to 100% in the laboratory tests on compacted clays. In case of undisturbed soil samples, resistivity decreased as much as sixteen fold (49.4 to 3.2 Ohm-m) for an increase of saturation from 31 to 100%. Furthermore, the resistivity results were different for the specimens at a specific degree of saturation because of varied surface activity and isomorphous substitution of clayey soils. In addition to physical properties, compressibility of clays was correlated with electrical conductivity. Based on the investigation, it was determined that the electrical conductivity vs. pressure curves followed similar trends as e vs. logp curves. Multiple linear regression (MLR) models were developed for compacted and undisturbed samples using statistical analysis software SAS (2009). During model development, degree of saturation and CEC were selected as independent variables. The proposed models were validated using experimental results on a different set of samples. Moreover, the applicability of the models in the determination of degrees of saturation was evaluated using field RI tests.
Download or read book Potential Vertical Rise of Lime treated Expansive Clays Using Centrifuge Technology written by Karly Ann Summerlin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expansive soils are prevalent throughout Central Texas and can cause extensive damage to pavements and other lightweight transportation projects. Methods of directly quantifying soil swell potential are often prohibitively time-consuming, and indirect methods that correlate swell to soil index properties are often based on limited empirical data and ignore variances in soil mineralogy that can significantly affect swell. Soil stabilization or modification, using additives like Portland cement or lime, is often utilized to mitigate the effects of expansive soil. In particular, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) recommends lime treatment for highly plastic soils below many transportation projects. However, many common design procedures do not directly measure the swell potential of the lime-treated soils and rather rely on methods like the Eades-Grim pH test to determine dosage. Additionally, design procedures do not often include a method for determining project-specific treatment depths. This research seeks to develop a procedure for directly quantifying the swell of lime-treated soils such that a project-specific treatment depth and dosage may be prescribed. Centrifuge tests performed on Eagle Ford clay were used to assess the effects of the testing procedure on swell results. It was determined that mellowing lime-treated soil samples did not significantly affect their swell potential but did increase soil workability. Additionally, curing of lime-treated soil samples decreased swell for samples treated with 4% by dry mass hydrated lime after curing for at least 6 weeks, but curing for any time did not decrease swell for samples treated with 2% hydrated lime. It was concluded that lime-treated swell testing could be optimally performed on uncured samples that were allowed to mellow for 12-24 hours to maximize workability. The reduced testing procedure for directly calculating an untreated and lime-treated soil potential vertical rise (PVR) recommends obtaining 3 data points across a representative range of stresses for each distinct layer of untreated soil in a given stratum, which is fit to a semi-log linear curve. One data point is used for each lime dosage to be tested, and the approximation of a unique soil swell pressure is used to produce a semi-log linear stress-swell curve from each of these points. The area under each curve for the stress range in question is then used to calculate the PVR of a soil profile. PVR analyses on two sites from San Antonio in Bexar County, Texas show that the assumption of log-linear stress-swell curves and the approximation of a constant swell pressure return PVR calculations that are similar to those calculated from stress-swell curves that require more parameters and more data points to propagate.
Download or read book Investigation on the Undrained Shear Strength of Soft Clay Mixed with Various Percentages of Lime and 6 of Silica Fume written by Kah Seng Leong and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil stabilization can make the soils becoming more stable. This method is applying admixture on the soil. Lime stabilization enhances engineering properties of soil, including reducing the soil plasticity, increase in optimum moisture content, decrease in maximum dry density and improvement in compaction of soil. Silica fume is utilized as a pozzolanic material in the application of soil stabilization. Silica fume was once considered as non-environmental friendly. Now, it has been adopted as a binder material with cement materials for the application of the soil stabilization. In this research, the materials required are kaolin grade S300, lime and silica fume. The focus of the study is the determinations of the physical properties of the soils tested and the strength of kaolin mixed with 6 % of silica fume and various percentages (3.0 %, 5.0 %, 7.0 % and 9.0 %) of lime. Unconfined compression test is carried out on the kaolin and the mixtures of soil-lime-silica fume to investigate the effect of lime stabilization with silica fume additives on the unconfined compressive strength of the mixtures. Based on the results obtained, all soil samples are indicated as soils with medium plasticity. From 0 % to 9.0 % of lime with 6.0 % of silica fume, the decrease in the maximum dry density is by 5.92 % and the increase in the optimum moisture content is by 23.5 %. Decreases in the coefficient of permeability of the mixtures occur if compared to the coefficient of permeability of kaolin soft clay itself. The optimal percentage of lime-silica fume combination is attained at 5.0 % of lime and 6.0 % of silica fume in order to improve the shear strength of kaolin soft clay. The improvement in shear strength of this stabilized mixture is 29.83 % if compared to the shear strength of the kaolin sample. It can be concluded that lime-silica fume mixture was an effective stabilizer for improving the geotechnical properties of clayey soils.
Download or read book Measurement of Soil Properties In situ Present Methods written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The measurement of soil properties in-situ offers the advantages of minimal disturbance, retention of the in-situ state of stress, temperature, chemical, and biological environments, and cost effectiveness relative to many types of laboratory tests for evaluation of undisturbed soil properties. This report is concerned with techniques for in-situ measurement of permeability, strength, stress-deformation properties, and volume change properties; property classes which are of interest in most geotechnical engineering problems. Emphasis is on test concepts, data analysis and interpretation, and advantages and limitations of methods, as opposed to details of apparatus and procedure.
Download or read book Assessment of Soil water Retention Properties of Lime and Cement Treated Clays written by Harshavardhan Reddy Thudi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of unsaturated soils has considerable importance in the analysis of geotechnical engineering problems involving soils that remain under partially saturated conditions throughout any given year. The SWCC reflects the behavior of unsaturated soils with regard to its hydraulic conductivity, shear strength, and volume change behavior. Numerous investigations have been undertaken in recent decades to extend the unsaturated soil mechanics principles into conventional engineering practice. The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) has become a widely used experimental means for assessing fundamental properties of unsaturated soils for a wide range of suction values. However, a limited number of studies have focused on soil-water retention properties of natural and chemically treated expansive soils via the SWCC. The present work is motivated by the lack of experimental evidence of this type. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Download or read book Proceedings of AICCE 19 written by Fadzli Mohamed Nazri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 1635 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the latest research, innovations, and applications in the field of civil engineering, as presented by leading national and international academics, researchers, engineers, and postgraduate students at the AWAM International Conference on Civil Engineering 2019 (AICCE’19), held in Penang, Malaysia on August 21-22, 2019. The book covers highly diverse topics in the main fields of civil engineering, including structural and earthquake engineering, environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, highway and transportation engineering, water resources engineering, and geomatic and construction management. In line with the conference theme, “Transforming the Nation for a Sustainable Tomorrow”, which relates to the United Nations’ 17 Global Goals for Sustainable Development, it highlights important elements in the planning and development stages to establish design standards beneficial to the environment and its surroundings. The contributions introduce numerous exciting ideas that spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations between various specialists in the field of civil engineering.
Download or read book Assessment of the Unconfined Compressive Strength of a Lime Stabilized Soil by an Abrasion Test written by M. Arabi and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stabilization by lime, which is frequently carried out to improve the mechanical properties of soils, results from the formation and development of cementitious calcium silicate aluminate hydrate gel. The gel produces interlocking and bonding of the soil particles, hence increasing the strength and abrasion resistance. The proposed method to assess the compressive strength of the existing structure of lime stabilized soil using a simple mechanical abrasion technique, provides an alternative means by which the strength characteristics can be assessed. The advantages of employing the abrasion method are (1) the relative ease of specimen collection and preparation as the test is not particularly sensitive to specimen size and shape and (2) the ease of application to existing structures as large-scale mechanical testing equipment would not be required once a calibration chart has been established, and testing could be carried out on site.
Download or read book Environmental Conservation Clean Water Air Soil CleanWAS written by Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-02-15 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we embark into the 21st century, we need to address new challenges ranging from population growth, climate change, and depletion of natural resources to providing better health care, food security and peace to humankind, while at the same time protecting natural ecosystems that provide the services which allow life to flourish on Earth. To meet those challenges, profound changes are required in the way that societies conduct their everyday affairs, ways that will lead to better preservation, protection and sustainable management of natural resources with long lasting impacts. The aim of CleanWAS 2016 is to provide productive opportunities for academics and practitioners from interdisciplinary fields of Environmental Sciences to meet, share and bring expertise and ideas in related disciplines. The CleanWAS conference was first organized in the year 2012. It is an annual event organised by the International Water, Air and Soil Conservation society (INWASCON) and is supported by various Malaysian (UKM, UMS, UIAM) and Chinese universities (CUG, NKU, SYSU).
Download or read book Sago Palm written by Hiroshi Ehara and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-15 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book addresses a wide variety of events and technologies concerning the sago palm, ranging from its botanical characteristics, culture and use to social conditions in the places where it is grown, in order to provide a record of research findings and to benefit society. It discusses various subjects, including the sago palm and related species; differentiation of species of starch-producing palm; habitat, morphological, physiological and growth characteristics; culture and management; productivity of carbon dioxide; starch extraction and manufacture; characteristics and utilization of starch; and cultural anthropological and folkloristic aspects. Problems such as food shortages due to increasing populations, global warming and climate change, and decreasing reserves of oil and other underground resources, have become more pressing in recent years. In the context of these problems, the book examines the role of the sago palm in sustainable food production, in the manufacture of other foodstuffs, as a raw material for ethanol and in the manufacture of biodegradable plastics. In addition to academics, this book will be useful to researchers and government officials working for international agencies, national governments, municipalities, and other research organizations; technicians, researchers, managers, entrepreneurs, and others working in industries such as agriculture, plant production, food production, manufacturing, chemical engineering, energy production, and distribution.
Download or read book Camp Life in the Woods and the Tricks of Trapping and Trap Making written by William Hamilton Gibson and published by . This book was released on 1882 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
