Download or read book Evaluation of Single mode and Bragg Grating Optical Fibers Interrogated with an Optical Backscatter Reflectometer OBR in High Temperature Environments for Advanced Instrumentation in Nuclear Reactors written by Thomas William Wood (Jr) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Optical fibers have made a drastic change in the telecommunications industry and in the more recent past have been developed and applied in making engineering measurements. Optical fibers have been used for various engineering measurement applications under harsh environments and this work explores the use of optical fiber sensors in the nuclear industry. In this work, inexpensive single-mode silica optical fibers, as well as Bragg Grating optical fibers, were interrogated with Luna Innovations' Optical Backscatter Reflectometer (OBR) to perform distributed temperature measurements at temperatures up to 1000 deg C. Measurements of the backscattered signal were taken continuously to determine the amount of light that is backscattered as a function of temperature and position along the length of the fiber. This data was post-processed to determine the spectral shift in the Rayleigh backscatter signature. The spectral shift data was then calibrated to a change in temperature. This work found that the temperature sensing mechanism that utilizes the Fiber Bragg Gratings provides a reliable measurement at temperatures up to 100 deg C but at higher temperatures the measurement begins to fail. This work also determines an upper operational temperature limit of 500 deg C for the distributed measurement technique based on Rayleigh backscatter using Corning's SMF-28e+ commercially available single- mode fiber.
Download or read book Evaluation of Optical Fiber Sensors in High Temperature and Nuclear Reactor Environments written by Brandon Augustus Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributed temperature sensing with commercial optical fibers was also tested in a reactor environment and was found to incur a sensing failure after a neutron fluence of around 1018 n/cm2. Radiation hardness can be added to the distributed sensing ability of optical fibers by placing Bragg gratings into the fiber. The high reflective signature off of the Bragg gratings in the fiber allows the distributed temperature sensing to continue to provide accurate measurements, even when the noise floor from radiation damage is increased in the fiber. Femtosecond Bragg gratings have the most potential for long term use in a nuclear reactor, since they were shown to survive long periods of high temperature and radiation fluences without much degradation. Sapphire fiber was also analyzed in this work for its suitability as optical instrumentation in Next-Gen reactors. Sapphire fiber has a temperature limit of 1300 C for light transmission in the fiber. Above 1300 C, aluminum oxyhydroxide forms on the surface of the fiber, causing massive light attenuation in the fiber. An inert atmosphere can extend the temperature range of sapphire optical fibers and sapphire instrumentation above 1300 C. Distributed temperature sensing with sapphire fiber was also achieved in this work by creating an internal reflective cladding using, high energy ion implantation in the fiber. This internal reflective cladding creates a graded index in the sapphire fiber creating a near single mode fiber. The sapphire cladded fiber has tremendous promise and should be further researched in the future.
Download or read book Investigation of the Combined Effects of Simultaneous Heating and Bending of Silica Optical Fiber written by Anthony Birri and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical fibers have the unique application of distributed sensing in harsh environments. Optical fibers may be used for spatially distributed sensing of temperature, strain, pressure, as well as other related physical quantities. For this reason, optical fibers have potential for facility monitoring, materials testing, the collection of Big Data, and experimental research. Optical fibers can withstand extremely high temperatures (temperature limits around 1000 °C for silica fiber, and around 1400 °C for sapphire fiber), which make them of particular interest for industries such as the nuclear industry and the petroleum industry. In fact, the U.S. Department of Energy has expressed interest in the utilization of optical fibers of next-generation instrumentation of nuclear reactors. Due to promising aspects of optical fibers for harsh environment sensing, it is necessary to understand the behavior of optical fiber in such harsh environments. Optical fibers will undergo extremely high temperatures if utilized in many of the next-generation reactor designs. Also, it is likely that a fiber will undergo some degree of bending in their implementation. The focus of this work is the simultaneous effects of heating and bending silica optical fiber. This work should act as an expansion on the current knowledge that exists in literature for unbent (or at least insignificantly bent) fiber heated at extremely high temperatures. In this work, multimode and single-mode silica fibers have been tested in a high temperature setting, while simultaneously experiencing a bend. The range of temperature tested was 500-1000° C and the bend radii considered were 1.27, 2.54, and 3.81 cm (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 inches). Multimode fiber (MMF) was analyzed for transmission, while single-mode fiber (SMF) was both analyzed for transmission and interpreted by optical backscatter reflectometry. Attenuation was observed to increase in MMF with increasingly high temperatures and tighter bend radii. SMF was far more resilient to transmission loss than MMF, under similar conditions of temperature and curvature. Optical backscatter reflectometry was performed for bent SMF up to 1100 °C, and revealed evidence that, at high temperatures, bends in fiber can enhance devitrification that can inhibit light transmission through the fiber. This work suggests that the devitrification process begins at the surface of the fiber and moves inward. Moreover, this work suggests that bend stress applied to surface flaws of the fiber leads to significantly higher crystallization rates at temperatures at which silica does not typically devitrify so rapidly.
Download or read book Fiber Bragg Gratings written by Raman Kashyap and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-10-23 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an overview of Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs), from fundamentals to applications Evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of particular applications, methods and techniques Contains new chapters on sensing, femtosecond laser writing of FBGs and poling of glass and optical fibers Includes a special version of the photonic simulator PicWave(tm), allowing the reader to make live simulations of many of the example devices presented in the book. This fully revised, updated and expanded second edition covers the substantial advances in the manufacture and use of FBGs in the years since the publication of the pioneering first edition. It presents a comprehensive treatise on FBGs and addresses issues such as the merits of one solution over another; why particular fabrication methods are preferred; and what advantages a user may gain from certain techniques. Beginning with the principles of FBGs, the book progresses to discuss photosensitization of optical fibers, Bragg grating fabrication and theory, properties of gratings, specific applications, sensing technology, glass poling, advances in femtosecond laser writing of Bragg gratings and FBG measurement techniques. In addition to material on telecommunications usage of FBGs, application areas such as fiber lasers and sensors are addressed in greater detail. This special version of Picwave is limited to modelling only the passive fibre devices covered in this book. However the full PicWave package is capable of modelling other non-linear and active devices such as laser diodes and SOAs as discussed in Chapter 8. More information about PicWave can be found at www.photond.com/products/picwave.htm. In addition to researchers, scientists, and graduate students, this book will be of interest to industrial practitioners in the field of fabrication of fiber optic materials and devices. Raman Kashyap, Canada Research Chair holder on Future Photonics Systems, and Professor at École Polytechnique, University of Montréal since 2003, has researched optical fibers and devices for over 30 years. He pioneered the fabrication of FBGs and applications in telecommunications and photonics. Provides an overview of Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs), from fundamentals to applications Evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of particular applications, methods and techniques Contains new chapters on sensing, femtosecond laser writing of FBGs and poling of glass and optical fibers Includes a special version of the photonic simulator PicWave(tm), allowing the reader to make live simulations of many of the example devices presented in the book
Download or read book Fiber Bragg Gratings written by Marcelo Martins Werneck and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of FBG device development -- Fiber Bragg grating theory and models -- How to set up a fiber Bragg grating laboratory -- Inscribing fiber Bragg gratings in optical fibers -- Calibrating fiber Bragg gratings for temperature and strain -- Encapsulation and bonding -- Compensation of induced thermal effects -- Structural health monitoring with fiber Bragg gratings -- Temperature measurements -- Measurement of the coefficient of thermal expansion of materials / Leandro Alves Garção and Marceli Nunes Gonçalves -- Measuring strain and displacement -- Voltage measurement / Marceli Nunes Gonçalves -- Interrogation techniques of fiber Bragg gratings -- Current measurements -- Gas measurements / Bruno Cerqueira Rente Ribeiro.
Download or read book Thermal Evaluation of Fiber Bragg Gratings at Extreme Temperatures written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-24 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of integrated fiber optic sensors for use in aerospace health monitoring systems demands that the sensors be able to perform in extreme environments. In order to use fiber optic sensors effectively in an extreme environment one must have a thorough understanding of the sensor's capabilities, limitations, and performance under extreme environmental conditions. This paper reports on our current sensor evaluation examining the performance of freestanding fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) at extreme temperatures. While the ability of FBGs to survive at extreme temperatures has been established, their performance and long term survivability is not well documented. At extreme temperatures the grating structure would be expected to dissipate, degrading the sensors performance and eventually ceasing to return a detectable signal. The fiber jacket will dissipate leaving a brittle, unprotected fiber. For FBGs to be used in aerospace systems their performance and limitations need to be thoroughly understood at extreme temperatures. As the limits of the FBGs performance are pushed the long term survivability and performance of the sensor comes into question. We will not only examine the ability of FBGs to survive extreme temperatures but also look at their performance during many thermal cycles. This paper reports on test results of the performance of thermal cycling commercially available FBGs, at temperatures up to 1000 C, seen in aerospace applications. Additionally this paper will report on the performance of commercially available FBGs held at 1000 C for hundreds of hours. Throughout the evaluation process, various parameters of the FBGs performance were monitored and recorded. Several test samples were subjected to identical test conditions to allow for statistical analysis of the data. Test procedures, calibrations, referencing techniques, performance data, and interpretations and explanations of results are presented in the paper along with directions for futur
Download or read book Polymer Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings written by Ricardo Oliveira and published by . This book was released on 2023-09-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the theoretical principles and experimental results concerning the use of polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (POFBGs) in strain, temperature, pressure, humidity and refractive index applications. The insight to the use of POFBGs provides a vision for the opportunities of this fiber optic technology.
Download or read book Performance of Singlemode Fiber and Bragg Grating Due to Bending and Temperature written by Thang Q. Tran and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructure Systems written by Vistasp M. Karbhari and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-08-25 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural health monitoring is an extremely important methodology in evaluating the ‘health’ of a structure by assessing the level of deterioration and remaining service life of civil infrastructure systems. This book reviews key developments in research, technologies and applications in this area of civil engineering. It discusses ways of obtaining and analysing data, sensor technologies and methods of sensing changes in structural performance characteristics. It also discusses data transmission and the application of both individual technologies and entire systems to bridges and buildings. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Structural health monitoring of civil infrastructure systems is a valuable reference for students in civil and structural engineering programs as well as those studying sensors, data analysis and transmission at universities. It will also be an important source for practicing civil engineers and designers, engineers and researchers developing sensors, network systems and methods of data transmission and analysis, policy makers, inspectors and those responsible for the safety and service life of civil infrastructure. Reviews key developments in research, technologies and applications Discusses systems used to obtain and analyse data and sensor technologies Assesses methods of sensing changes in structural performance
Download or read book The Effects of High Temperature and Nuclear Radiation on the Optical Transmission of Silica Optical Fibers written by David Phillip Hawn and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Energy is interested in extending the distributed sensing capabilities of optical instrumentation to high temperature reactor radiation environments. For this technology extension to be possible, the survivability of silica optical fibers needed to be determined in this environment. In this work the optical attenuation added to silica optical fiber exposed simultaneously to reactor radiation and temperatures to 1000°C was experimentally determined. Optical transmission measurements were made in-situ from 400nm-2300nm. For easy visualization, all of the results generated in this work were processed into movies that are available publicly [1].
Download or read book Curvature Effects in Single Mode and Multimode Optical Fibers and Fiber Bragg Gratings written by Richard Harlan Belansky and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Optical Fibers written by Gang-Ding Peng and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research- and application-oriented book covers main topical areas of optical fibers. The selection of the chapters is weighted on technological and application-specific topics, very much a reflection of where research is heading to and what researchers are looking for. Chapters are arranged in a user-friendly format essentially self-contained and with extensive cross-references. They are organized in the following sections: - Optical Fiber Communication | Editors: Ming-Jun Li and Chao Lu - Solitons and Nonlinear Waves in Optical Fibers | Editor: Boris A. Malomed - Optical Fiber Fabrication | Editor: Hairul Azhar Bin Abdul Rashid - Active Optical Fibers | Editor: Kyunghwan Oh - Special Optical Fibers | Editors: Perry Shum and Zhilin Xu - Optical Fiber Measurement | Editor: Jianzhong Zhang - Optical Fiber Devices | Editors: John Canning and Tuan Guo - Optical Fiber Device Measurement | Editor: Yanhua Luo - Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing | Editor: Yosuke Mizuno - Optical Fiber Sensors for Industrial Applications | Editor: Tong Sun OBE - Polymer Optical Fiber Sensing | Editor: Ginu Rajan - Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensing | Editor: D. N. Wang - Optical Fiber Microfluidic Sensors | Editor: Yuan Gong
Download or read book Structural Monitoring with Fiber Optic Technology written by Raymond M. Measures and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-04-10 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to address the field of structurally integrated fiber optic sensors. Fiber optic sensors embedded within materials and systems are able to measure a variety of parameters (i.e. temperature, vibration, deformation, strain, etc.) that allows for real time non-destructive evaluation. Examples include the following: monitoring structural fatigue in aging aircraft or loads in bridge structures. In more advanced applications, fiber optic sensors control actuators that allow materials to adapt to their environment. This gives rise to the names, "smart," "intelligent," and/or "adaptive" materials or structures.Structural Monitoring with Fiber Optic Technology is the firs single author book on the new field of fiber optic structural sensing. As such it provides: coverage of the fundamentals of the technology, a coherent and systematic discussion on the most important aspects of the subject, a broad view of the subject, while retaining a degree of focus on those advances most significant in terms of their future potential, particularly in regard to broad implementation of the technology. The book provides an introduction to the relevant value to structural monitoring. It also highlights the advantages of fiber optic based sensors over conventional electrical measurement technology.The book richly illustrates the subject matter with 615 figures and provides many examples of fiber optic structural sensing, including a detailed overview of a number of major field site applications. Most of these large scale applications are drawn from the civil engineering community as they have been the first to strongly embrace fiber optic structural monitoring. This is especially true for bridges, where innovative new designs and the use of fiber reinforced polymer composite materials to replace steel represents a major advance that is expected to revolutionize the construction industry. Examples include new bridges, which are serving as testbeds for these new materials and are instrumented with arrays of fiber optic structural sensors. In one case, this state-of-the-art monitoring system permits engineers at a distant site to track the response of the bridge to traffic loads and keep an eye on the long term performance of the new materials. Fiber optic structural sensing technology is equally applicable to other industrial sectors, such as the aerospace and marine industries. Indeed, several examples of ships being instrumented with arrays of fiber optic sensors are also included. * The author directed one of the leading laboratories in the development of this technology and its application to civil engineering* Provides a strong, concise foundation in the basics of the technology* Includes many examples of the application of the technology, including many major field site case studies* Richly illustrated with 615 figures, many redrawn to make them easier to understand; also includes over 600 references* Written in a style designed to help the reader unfamiliar with fiber optic technology appreciate what can be accomplished with this new form of structural monitoring
Download or read book Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Recent Advancements Industrial Applications and Market Exploitation written by Andrea Cusano and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is an exciting source of information for individuals interested in learning about and marketing sensors. The book focuses on scientific and commercial advances in Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor technology since its discovery over 30 years ago.
Download or read book Fiber Optic Sensors written by Eric Udd and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation A comprehensive introduction to this fast growing technology. This book provides an introduction to the rapidly advancing and expanding field of fiber optic sensors, with chapters contributed by internationally recognized experts. Each of the three sections-Basic Components, Technology, and Applications-offers a stand-alone primer on a key area of the field. Together, they give engineers, scientists, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates a comprehensive resource on fiber optic sensors. Initial chapters cover optical fibers, light sources, and detectors and optical modulators, introducing the fundamental building blocks of fiber optic sensors and pointing out the many connections between these elements and fiber optic sensor technology. Subsequent chapters cover: Extrinsic or hybrid fiber optic sensors, Intensity sensors for monitoring temperature, position, and other environmental aspects. The Fabry-Perot based fiber optic sensor. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer, The Sagnac interferometer and fiber gyroscopes. Displacement fiber optic sensors. Polarization sensors. Industrial applications of fiber optic sensors. Fiber optic smart structures. Pooling the expertise of leading professionals, Fiber Optic Sensors supplies an integral resource for understanding a key area of optical science and telecommunications.
Download or read book Structural Health Monitoring Systems written by and published by Jacob Egede Andersen. This book was released on with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Civil Structural Health Monitoring written by Carlo Rainieri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-24 with total page 1015 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gathers the latest advances and innovations in the field of structural health monitoring, as presented at the 8th Civil Structural Health Monitoring Workshop (CSHM-8), held on March 31–April 2, 2021. It discusses emerging challenges in civil SHM and more broadly in the fields of smart materials and intelligent systems for civil engineering applications. The contributions cover a diverse range of topics, including applications of SHM to civil structures and infrastructures, innovative sensing solutions for SHM, data-driven damage detection techniques, nonlinear systems and analysis techniques, influence of environmental and operational conditions, aging structures and infrastructures in hazardous environments, and SHM in earthquake prone regions. Selected by means of a rigorous peer-review process, they will spur novel research directions and foster future multidisciplinary collaborations.
