Download or read book Evaluation of Signal Retiming Measures Using Bluetooth Travel Time Data written by Cameron Berko and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Signal retiming is an appealing strategy for improving network performance because it does not require the addition of new roadway capacity. The emergence of Bluetooth technology presents an alternative method of collecting travel time data to evaluate the implementation of signal retiming measures along an arterial corridor via a before-and-after study. As opposed to the industry standard of collecting a limited number of travel times via dedicated travel time runs using vehicles equipped with GPS data loggers, Bluetooth technology allows for a much greater number of travel times to be collected from a wider range of vehicles and drivers. However, the need persists for a practitioner-ready methodology that details how data collected in this manner should be used to evaluate signal retiming measures. This need formed the basis upon which this investigation was conducted. Both field and simulated arterial corridors were examined in this research. The field corridor consisted of a 15.1-kilometre long section of Victoria Park Avenue located in Toronto, Ontario that contained 37 signalized intersections. Seven Bluetooth detectors were deployed to collect data, meaning that the corridor was divided into six links. GPS probe runs were also available for comparison. The simulated corridor consisted of a 4.8-kilometre long section of Hespeler Road in Cambridge, Ontario that contained 12 signalized intersections. Three Bluetooth detectors were deployed to collect data, meaning that the corridor was divided into two links. GPS probe runs were also simulated. Bluetooth travel times were available at the path level (i.e. travel times of vehicles that traversed the entire length of the arterial corridor) and at the link level (i.e. travel times of vehicles that traversed only part of the corridor). To develop measures of effectiveness for evaluating signal retiming measures, the merits of each of these data sets for this purpose were first identified. Through statistical testing, it was found to be infeasible to use the travel times of vehicles that traversed the entire corridor for signal retiming evaluation due to the small number of travel times collected. Instead, a corridor should be subdivided into links through the placement of multiple Bluetooth detectors to increase the number of travel times collected. Next, recommendations regarding the characteristics of a signal retiming study were proposed. A regression model was developed using the field data to allow a practitioner to estimate the duration of the data collection period based on the characteristics of the corridor. Using the results produced by applying this regression model to the field data, recommendations were provided for the spacing of detectors. Next, measures of effectiveness to assess the impacts of signal retiming were developed. The recommended measures incorporated the difference in the means of the Before and After travel time data, the number of vehicles that traversed each link of the corridor, and statistical significance of the difference in the means. These measures provide a practitioner with an idea of the travel time savings or losses produced for the corridor, the degree to which these savings or losses were experienced by vehicles that traversed the corridor, and whether or not these savings or losses were statistically significant. The proposed measures were applied to both the field and simulated Bluetooth travel time data. These results were then compared to the results obtained by applying these measures to the GPS probe runs and to the true changes in travel time for the simulated corridor. Since one commonly cited weakness of Bluetooth travel time data is the presence of outliers in the measured travel times, the sensitivity of the proposed measure of effectiveness to the presence of outliers (i.e. travel times whose magnitudes were not representative of the traffic stream for which signal retiming was intended) was examined using the field Bluetooth travel time data. It was demonstrated that the developed measures are not significantly influenced by the presence of outliers. This investigation provides a practitioner with guidance on how to perform a before-and-after evaluation of a signal retiming study using Bluetooth travel time data. This investigation demonstrated that the division of an arterial corridor into smaller segments produces enough data to be able to statistically differentiate between travel times collected before and after signal retiming measures have been implemented. Guidance is also provided regarding the duration of the data collection period and how to divide the corridor into links through detector spacing. Finally, the developed measures of effectiveness provide concise evidence of the success or failure of signal retiming that a practitioner can present to stakeholders and policymakers with ease.

Download or read book Traffic Signal Retiming Practices in the United States written by Robert L. Gordon and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2010 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 409: Traffic Signal Retiming Practices in the United States explores practices that operating agencies currently use to revise traffic signal timing. The report examines the processes used to develop, install, verify, fine-tune, and evaluate the plans--

Download or read book Adaptive Traffic Signal Optimization Using Bluetooth Data written by Amir Zarinbal Masouleh and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic congestion continues to increase in urban centers causing significant economic, environmental, and social impacts. However, as urban areas become more densely developed, opportunities to build more roadways decline and there is an increased emphasis to maximize the utilization of the existing facilities through the use of more effective advanced traffic management systems (ATMS). In recent years, Bluetooth technology has been adapted for use as a sensor for measuring vehicle travel times along a segment of roadway. However, using Bluetooth technology in ATMS such as advanced traffic signal controls has been limited in part because there has been little research conducted to investigate the opportunity to estimate intersection control delay and desired travel time using Bluetooth collected data. Furthermore, until recently, there has been a lack of tools, such as simulation, to predict the behavior of the system before it is developed and deployed. Therefore, the main intention of this research was to develop a robust framework for adaptive traffic signal control using Bluetooth detectors as the main source of data. In this thesis, I addressed the aforementioned challenges and proposed the first integrated framework for real time adaptive traffic signal management using Bluetooth data through the following steps: 1. I have developed a state of the art simulation framework to simulate the Bluetooth detection process. The simulation model was calibrated and validated using field data collected from two custom built Bluetooth detectors. The proposed simulation framework was combined with commercially available traffic microsimulation models to evaluate and develop the use of Bluetooth technology within ATMS. 2. I proposed two methods for estimating control delay at signalized intersections using Bluetooth technology. Method 1 requires data from a single Bluetooth detector deployed at the intersection and estimates delay on the basis of the measured Bluetooth dwell time. This model has a high level of accuracy when the queue length is less than the effective range of the Bluetooth detectors but performs poorly when queues exceed the detector range. Method 2 uses Bluetooth measured travel time to estimate control delay. This method requires data from two Bluetooth detectors, one at the intersection and one upstream. This method can be used regardless of the length of queues. The methods were evaluated using a custom-built simulation framework and field data. The results show that the proposed methods provide an accuracy of mean absolute error equal to 3 seconds, indicating that they are suitable for estimating control delay at signalized intersections. 3. I proposed a method to dynamically optimize green splits of signalized intersection on the basis of control delay estimated from Bluetooth detector data. Evaluation of the proposed method using a simulated hypothetical intersection demonstrated that proposed method is able to provide reduction in average delay in comparison with fixed signal timing and fully actuated controller. 4. I proposed and evaluated a method to estimate the desired travel time of the platoon in real-time and then use this estimate to optimize the offset of signalized intersections in a corridor. The proposed method has been evaluated using simulated data for a range of traffic demands and weather conditions and results indicate that the proposed method can provide up to a 75% reduction in average vehicle delay for vehicles discharging in the coordinated phase in comparison with fixed offset timing in different weather conditions.

Download or read book Advanced Traffic Signal Control Using Bluetooth Detectors written by Jordan Hart-Bishop and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally signal timing plans are developed for expected traffic demands at an intersection. This approach generally offers the best operation for typical conditions. However, when variation in the traffic demand occurs, the signal timing plan developed for typical conditions may not be adequate resulting in significant congestion and delay. There have been many techniques developed to address these variations and they fall into one of two categories: (1) if the variations follow a consistent temporal pattern, then a set of fixed-time signal timing plans can be developed, each for a specific time of the day; (2) if the variations cannot be predicted a priori, then a system that measures traffic demands and alters signal timings in real-time is desired. This research focuses on improving the latter approach with a novel application of Bluetooth detector data. Conventional traffic responsive plan selection (TRPS) systems rely extensively on traffic sensors (typically loop detectors or equivalent) to operate, which are costly to install and maintain, and provide information about traffic only at the points which they are installed. This thesis explores the use of Bluetooth detectors as an alternative data source for TRPS due to their ease of installation and capability to provide information over an area rather than at a single point. This research consists of simulated and field traffic data associated with Bluetooth detectors. The field and simulated traffic data were from a section of Hespeler Road in Cambridge Ontario, bounded by Ontario Highway 401 to the north and Highway 8 to the south. The study corridor is approximately 5.0 kilometres long, and consists of 14 signalized intersections. In order to determine the potential of Bluetooth detectors as a data source, several measures of performance were considered for use in a Bluetooth-based system. The viability of each one was assessed in microsimulation experiments, and it was found that Bluetooth travel time was the most accurate at identifying true traffic conditions. On the basis of the simulation results a field pilot study was designed. Bluetooth detectors and conventional traffic detectors were installed at study intersections along the Hespeler Road corridor to measure real traffic conditions. From these measurements an algorithm was developed to determine when traffic conditions varied from the expected conditions. The final stage of the research evaluated the proposed algorithm using a controlled simulation environment with known atypical traffic patterns. It was found that the algorithm was capable of identifying the atypical conditions that were simulated based on field conditions. The key findings of this research are that (1) Bluetooth detectors are able to provide measured travel times from individual vehicles with sufficient accuracy, and with sufficient sample sizes, that the aggregated travel time information can be used to identify the traffic conditions at a signalized intersections; and (2) these measurements can be used instead of data from conventional traffic detectors, to determine when to switch from time of day fixed time traffic signal control to TRPS control.

Download or read book Developing a Set of Holistic Signal Retiming Performance Metrics written by Christine Wang Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluating signal retiming efforts is a crucial next step for transportation agencies after retiming their corridors. By analyzing the quality of their retiming efforts with respect to their initial goals for the retiming process, agencies are able to quantitatively assess the effects of signal timing changes and allocate their future resources appropriately. The wide variety of transportation data sources available also facilitates the possibility for agencies to develop a set of performance measures with which to evaluate signal retiming efforts. This thesis presents a set of developed signal retiming performance metrics for use in before-and-after comparison studies that together consider the holistic effect of signal timing changes. These performance metrics are applied to several retimed corridors in the City of Austin to evaluate the effect of signal timing efforts. While more data is needed to supplement several of these performance metrics, these measures significantly improve the current one-dimensional evaluation process used by the City of Austin that relies solely on travel time changes obtained by floating car runs. Finally, this work also includes an initial investigation of seasonal variation on a sample corridor in Austin which could be used to enhance the flexibility of the City of Austin’s retiming schedule and strengthen its understanding of travel time data throughout the year

Download or read book Multi perspective System wide Analyses of Adaptive Traffic Signal Control Systems Using Microsimulation and Contemporary Data Sources written by Abhay Dnyaneshwar Lidbe and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary function of traffic signals is to assign the right of way to vehicular and pedestrian traffic at intersections. Effective traffic signal system reduces congestion, increases intersection capacity, and improves other traffic related performance measures such as safety and mobility. To ensure these goals are met, traffic signals require updated timings to maintain proper operation. These updated signal timings impact not only traffic performance, but overall transportation system efficiency. Because traditional signal timing plans may not accommodate variable and unpredictable traffic demands, a more proactive approach is necessary to ensure properly timed and maintained traffic signals. Adaptive traffic control systems (ATCS) continually collect data and optimize signal timing on a real time basis thereby reducing the aforementioned drawbacks of traditional signal retiming. Understanding and characterizing how these systems are working is important to transportation engineers, and evaluating these systems can provide useful insights. The objective of this dissertation is to develop evaluation methodologies (both operational and economical) for adaptive traffic signal control that go beyond the traditional assessments that use traffic measures of effectiveness (MOEs). Case studies are conducted for Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System (SCATS) implementations in Alabama, which are useful in objective evaluations of ATCS (in general) for both their current and future operational environments by using microsimulation techniques and/or field data from contemporary data sources. The study contains detailed comparative analyses of traffic operations of the study corridors for existing peak hour traffic conditions under the previous time-of-day (TOD) plan and similar peak hour conditions after SCATS implementation. Although simulation analysis using VISSIM traffic microsimulation software is the primary methodological technique used for evaluating comparative performances, arterial data from other sources (Bluetooth MAC Address Matching and crowdsourced travel data) are also used to perform the evaluations, which is a novel application for this context. While past studies have considered either the arterial or its side-streets performances in their evaluations, this work explored a system-wide approach looking at the composite performance of both dimensions together. Finally, for transportation agencies which operate within budget constraints, it is important to know the real worth of attaining the benefits from ATCS implementations. The last chapter of this dissertation extends the evaluation methodology to include benefit-cost analysis (BCA) by evaluating the ATCS performance for both current and future traffic conditions. This information will be helpful for transportation agencies, planners, and practitioners to understand and justify their ATCS investment and also serve as a guideline for their future ITS projects.

Download or read book International Encyclopedia of Transportation written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-05-13 with total page 4418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an increasingly globalised world, despite reductions in costs and time, transportation has become even more important as a facilitator of economic and human interaction; this is reflected in technical advances in transportation systems, increasing interest in how transportation interacts with society and the need to provide novel approaches to understanding its impacts. This has become particularly acute with the impact that Covid-19 has had on transportation across the world, at local, national and international levels. Encyclopedia of Transportation, Seven Volume Set - containing almost 600 articles - brings a cross-cutting and integrated approach to all aspects of transportation from a variety of interdisciplinary fields including engineering, operations research, economics, geography and sociology in order to understand the changes taking place. Emphasising the interaction between these different aspects of research, it offers new solutions to modern-day problems related to transportation. Each of its nine sections is based around familiar themes, but brings together the views of experts from different disciplinary perspectives. Each section is edited by a subject expert who has commissioned articles from a range of authors representing different disciplines, different parts of the world and different social perspectives. The nine sections are structured around the following themes: Transport Modes; Freight Transport and Logistics; Transport Safety and Security; Transport Economics; Traffic Management; Transport Modelling and Data Management; Transport Policy and Planning; Transport Psychology; Sustainability and Health Issues in Transportation. Some articles provide a technical introduction to a topic whilst others provide a bridge between topics or a more future-oriented view of new research areas or challenges. The end result is a reference work that offers researchers and practitioners new approaches, new ways of thinking and novel solutions to problems. All-encompassing and expertly authored, this outstanding reference work will be essential reading for all students and researchers interested in transportation and its global impact in what is a very uncertain world. Provides a forward looking and integrated approach to transportation Updated with future technological impacts, such as self-driving vehicles, cyber-physical systems and big data analytics Includes comprehensive coverage Presents a worldwide approach, including sets of comparative studies and applications

Download or read book Active Traffic Management for Arterials written by Richard Gerhard Dowling and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2013 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Active traffic management (ATM) includes a suite of traffic management and control strategies that improve operational efficiency. These strategies are used to manage traffic flow to enhance capacity and safety. This synthesis documents the state of the practice associated with designing, implementing, and operating ATM on arterial roadways."--Preface.

Download or read book Incorporating Reliability Performance Measures into the Transportation Planning and Programming Processes Technical Reference written by Transportation Research Board and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report from the second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2), which is administered by the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, provides a “how-to” guide for technical staff to select and calculate the appropriate performance measures to support the development of key planning products, including long-range transportation plans, transportation programs, congestion management process, corridor planning, and operations planning.

Download or read book Evaluating Alternative Operations Strategies to Improve Travel Time Reliability written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.) and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2022-03-29 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report from the second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2), which is administered by the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, sets out requirements for travel time reliability within a performance-based planning process. The research includes an effort to determine the economic value of improvements in travel time reliability by applying options theory from the financial sector. The report includes two succinct tables that describe requirements for person and freight trips for reliable transport, as well as a forecast of the year 2030 under alternative assumptions that may influence travel time reliability.

Download or read book Field Testing the Effectiveness of Adaptive Traffic Control for Arterial Signal Management written by Robert Jay Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Transportation Research written by Tom V. Mathew and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-24 with total page 905 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents selected papers from the 4th Conference of the Transportation Research Group of India. It provides a comprehensive analysis of themes spanning the field of transportation encompassing economics, financial management, social equity, green technologies, operations research, big data analysis, econometrics and structural mechanics. This volume will be of interest to researchers, educators, practitioners, managers, and policy-makers world-wide.

Download or read book Public Transport Planning with Smart Card Data written by Fumitaka Kurauchi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-02-17 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collecting fares through "smart cards" is becoming standard in most advanced public transport networks of major cities around the world. Travellers value their convenience and operators the reduced money handling fees. Electronic tickets also make it easier to integrate fare systems, to create complex time and space differentiated fare systems, and to provide incentives to specific target groups. A less-utilised benefit is the data collected through smart cards. Records, even if anonymous, provide for a much better understanding of passengers’ travel behaviour as current literature shows. This information can also be used for better service planning. Public Transport Planning with Smart Card Data handles three major topics: how passenger behaviour can be estimated using smart card data, how smart card data can be combined with other trip databases, and how the public transport service level can be better evaluated if smart card data is available. The book discusses theory as well as applications from cities around the world and will be of interest to researchers and practitioners alike who are interested in the state-of-the-art as well as future perspectives that smart card data will bring.

Download or read book Discharge measurements at gaging stations written by D. Phil Turnipseed and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Measuring Discharge with Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers from a Moving Boat written by David S. Mueller and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mission of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Resources Discipline is to provide the information and understanding needed for wise management of the Nation's water resources. Inherent in this mission is the responsibility of collecting data that accurately describe the physical, chemical, and biological attributes of water systems. These data are used for environmental and resource assessments by the USGS, other government agencies and scientific organizations, and the general public. Reliable and quality-assured data are essential to the credibility and impartiality of the water-resources appraisals carried out by the USGS.

Download or read book Localization Algorithms and Strategies for Wireless Sensor Networks Monitoring and Surveillance Techniques for Target Tracking written by Mao, Guoqiang and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2009-05-31 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wireless localization techniques are an area that has attracted interest from both industry and academia, with self-localization capability providing a highly desirable characteristic of wireless sensor networks. Localization Algorithms and Strategies for Wireless Sensor Networks encompasses the significant and fast growing area of wireless localization techniques. This book provides comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of topics and fundamental theories underpinning measurement techniques and localization algorithms. A useful compilation for academicians, researchers, and practitioners, this Premier Reference Source contains relevant references and the latest studies emerging out of the wireless sensor network field.

Download or read book Transportation Planning Handbook written by ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers) and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-08-01 with total page 1204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multi-disciplinary approach to transportation planning fundamentals The Transportation Planning Handbook is a comprehensive, practice-oriented reference that presents the fundamental concepts of transportation planning alongside proven techniques. This new fourth edition is more strongly focused on serving the needs of all users, the role of safety in the planning process, and transportation planning in the context of societal concerns, including the development of more sustainable transportation solutions. The content structure has been redesigned with a new format that promotes a more functionally driven multimodal approach to planning, design, and implementation, including guidance toward the latest tools and technology. The material has been updated to reflect the latest changes to major transportation resources such as the HCM, MUTCD, HSM, and more, including the most current ADA accessibility regulations. Transportation planning has historically followed the rational planning model of defining objectives, identifying problems, generating and evaluating alternatives, and developing plans. Planners are increasingly expected to adopt a more multi-disciplinary approach, especially in light of the rising importance of sustainability and environmental concerns. This book presents the fundamentals of transportation planning in a multidisciplinary context, giving readers a practical reference for day-to-day answers. Serve the needs of all users Incorporate safety into the planning process Examine the latest transportation planning software packages Get up to date on the latest standards, recommendations, and codes Developed by The Institute of Transportation Engineers, this book is the culmination of over seventy years of transportation planning solutions, fully updated to reflect the needs of a changing society. For a comprehensive guide with practical answers, The Transportation Planning Handbook is an essential reference.