Download or read book Evaluation of Phosphorus Removal recovery Processes During Municipal Wastewater Treatment written by Rania Bashar and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With growing emphasis on environmental and economic sustainability worldwide, modern municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are striving to reduce consumption of resources and ensure increased recycling and reuse of nutrients and energy contained in the wastewater. In a trade-off between enhanced P removal (to meet stringent effluent limits) and increased resource (e.g., energy, chemical) usage, it is critical for the treatment plants to be able to select the most appropriate technology. To this end, this study has combined mathematical modeling and experimental data from recent literature to perform a comprehensive evaluation of established/emerging P recovery/removal technologies considering technical, economic and energy sustainability aspects. For technical evaluations, full-scale designs of high performing P removal technologies (e.g., Modified University of Cape Towne process, Bardenpho process, membrane bioreactors, IFAS-EBPR, struvite recovery, tertiary reactive media filtration) were developed and simulated using a widely-used Windows-based process model simulating software BioWin v. 5.3 (EnviroSim Associates Ltd., Canada). The treatment configurations were evaluated in terms of performance and cost effectiveness ($/lb of P removed). Results show that the unit cost for P removal in different treatment alternatives range from $42.22 to $60.88 per lb of P removed. The MUCT BNR+ tertiary reactive media filtration proved to be one of the most cost effective configurations ($44.04/lb P removed) delivering an effluent with total P (TP) concentration of only 0.05 mg/L. Although struvite recovery resulted in significant reduction in biosolids P, the decrease in effluent TP was not sufficient to meet very stringent discharge standards. Emerging low energy mainline (LEM) treatment layouts consisting of energy efficient and innovative technologies has the potential to improve the overall sustainability of WWTPs. To evaluate the LEM treatment schemes, a configuration consisting of fine screen pretreatment, anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for BOD and TSS removal, reactive filter media for adsorptive P removal, and cold partial nitritation/Anammox process for N removal was simulated using operational conditions that are typical for a mid-size WWTP in the US. Our simulation results indicated that the LEM scheme could reduce the net energy requirement for treatment by about 0.46 kWh/m3 (~ 94%) compared to a conventional activated sludge system. The removal efficiencies of TN, TP and TCOD in the effluent were 93%, 90% and 94%, respectively. One-at-a-time (OAT) sensitivity analysis indicated that dominant parameters controlling energy production and consumption include temperature, wastewater influent COD, and electric efficiency of combined heat and power (CHP) engine. The LEM treatment scheme reached a break-even point (energy-self-sufficiency) at 544 mg/L COD and 38% electric efficiency of the CHP engine. The OAT analysis was further expanded using global sensitivity analysis (GSA) techniques to identify the within parameter interactions. The GSA revealed CHP efficiency has a predominantly linear (non-interacting with other inputs) impact on the net energy requirement and has the potential to be a very good control parameter in achieving energy self-sufficiency. In addition, a solution space for energy-positive operation was also identified in this study where minimum non-linear interaction between input parameters is present. Therefore, operating the treatment plant within this linear region ensures maximum control over net energy requirement, while staying within the energy positive range. The results of this study will provide guidance for researchers, municipalities, government agencies and decision-makers, and other stake-holders in choosing the most appropriate P removal option that offer the possibility to move wastewater treatment towards a sustainable, energy- and resource-positive direction.
Download or read book Municipal Wastewater Treatment Phosphorus Removal Evaluation written by Craig Heisel and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Phosphorus Removal by Chemical Addition at Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in Wisconsin written by Kimberly Parker Walz and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phosphorus Polluter and Resource of the Future written by Christian Schaum and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive book provides an up-to-date and international approach that addresses the Motivations, Technologies and Assessment of the Elimination and Recovery of Phosphorus from Wastewater. This book is part of the Integrated Environmental Technology Series.
Download or read book Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal from Municipal Wastewater written by Richard I. Sedlak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-10-07 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This valuable new book offers practical guidance regarding the design and operation of systems for reducing effluent nitrogen and phosphorus. The principles of nitrogen and phosphorus removal are discussed, including sources of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater, removal options, nitrogen and phosphorus transformations in treatment, process selection, and treatment. The book also covers the design and operation of nitrogen and phosphorus removal systems, including system options, system design, facility design, facility costs, and operation. Practical case studies are provided as examples of successful system implementations that may be able to help you decide what will work best in your plant.
Download or read book Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal from Municipal Wastewater written by RichardI. Sedlak and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This valuable new book offers practical guidance regarding the design and operation of systems for reducing effluent nitrogen and phosphorus. The principles of nitrogen and phosphorus removal are discussed, including sources of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater, removal options, nitrogen and phosphorus transformations in treatment, process selection, and treatment. The book also covers the design and operation of nitrogen and phosphorus removal systems, including system options, system design, facility design, facility costs, and operation. Practical case studies are provided as examples of successful system implementations that may be able to help you decide what will work best in your plant.
Download or read book Phosphorus Removal and Recovery from Wastewater Using Sorbent Technologies written by Holly Erin Gray and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient in fertilizers that are necessary for food production. Wastewater may represent a renewable source of nutrients if methods for recovering P from dilute wastewater streams can be developed. Adsorption, a low cost and efficient process, has the potential to recover P from wastewater as it can transfer contaminants from the liquid to the solid phase for easy separation. This study evaluated fourteen commercial sorbents for potential phosphorus recovery from synthetic wastewater (SWW) using batch testing. Commercially available sorbents (e.g. ion exchange resins (IEX), granular ferric oxide, hybrid IEX and activated alumina) were obtained from several companies and tested for phosphate removal in a 48-hour adsorption test. Seven of the sorbents exhibited substantial phosphate removal were then tested for recovery using acidic (HCl), basic (NaOH), salt (NaCl) and basic salt (NaOH + NaCl) desorption solutions. Sorbents were evaluated with respect to P recovery from the SWW. An IEX sorbent was found to recover the largest fraction at 23 % P from the SWW; while all other sorbents recovered less than 20 % P from the synthetic wastewater. The three top performing sorbents from batch testing were chosen for column testing to investigate their potential for P adsorption and recovery with a specific target of generating a concentrated chemical desorption effluent. Sorbents included two metal oxide sorbents (granular ferric hydroxide and activated alumina) as well as an ion exchange (IEX) resin. After the sorbents were tested for P removal in column tests, chemical desorption solutions were utilized to recover P from the spent sorbents. Recovery from metal oxide sorbents was conducted using basic (NaOH) and acidic (HCl) solutions while recovery from IEX sorbent used salt (NaCl) and basic salt (NaOH + NaCl) solutions in addition to acidic and basic treatments. Sorbents were evaluated on the basis of P adsorption as well as recovery from the sorbent and the initial synthetic wastewater (SWW) stream. The IEX sorbent demonstrated the highest removal of 64 % P from the SWW, while the metal oxide sorbents adsorbed between 23 and 43 % P. Desorption using NaOH was most effective for metal oxide sorbents, which were found to recover 39 % P (granular ferric hydroxide) and 21 % P (activated alumina) from the initial SWW. Sorbent C recovered the largest quantity of P (61%) from SWW with the use of NaCl. Due to its good performance, sorbent C was used to recover P from two wastewater samples. Using NaCl, sorbent C recovered 47 and 15 % of P from secondary and final effluent samples. In addition to a shift in wastewater treatment to P recovery, wastewater treatment is also focusing on producing effluent that meets ultra-low effluent P discharge limits. In order to achieve this goal, non-reactive phosphorus (nRP) must be removed; nRP contains condensed phosphates and organic phosphorus (OP) species that are recalcitrant in secondary wastewater treatment and tend to remain in final effluents. An advanced oxidation process (AOP) which couples TiO2/UV photolysis with ultrafiltration (UF) to oxidize and remove nRP species was tested. Tests utilizing a mixture of two OP model compounds were conducted to determine the effect of TiO2/UV photolysis on the model compound removal and to elucidate the mechanisms of phosphorus removal; nRP was removed through adsorption and UV irradiation. The AOP was also tested for P removal from three municipal wastewaters and one automotive industry effluent. In all cases, phosphorus removal was found to occur through filtration, surface complexation onto the TiO2 and UV oxidation. Total phosphorus removal efficiencies between 90-97 % were observed for the municipal wastewater effluents and 44 % removal was observed in the industrial effluent after treatment using AOP. Conversion of nRP to reactive P (RP) was evident during TiO2/UV treatment of samples that had high concentrations of nRP; the total amount of phosphate liberated was not quantified due to phosphate binding to TiO2. In summary, the AOP effectively oxidized nRP to RP, achieving a high level P removal in real wastewater effluents and retaining P on the TiO2 solids. Investigations into P recovery by TiO2 nanoparticles revealed that adsorption of P onto TiO2 was due to a combination of inner sphere complex formation and calcium bridging. Precipitation of calcium phosphate was observed at pH values above 10. Recovery of P from TiO2 after concentrating of the TiO2 solids and application of a chemical desorption solution was assessed. Recovery with an NaOH desorption solution was minimal due to calcium phosphate precipitation while recovery using HCl was limited, releasing only 2 % of adsorbed P. Recovery from TiO2 nanoparticles loaded with calcium phosphate precipitates was also investigated. A recovery of 35 % P was observed from TiO2 solids via the dissolution of the precipitates.
Download or read book Simultaneous Biological Nitrogen Removal and Electrochemical Phosphorus Recovery from Municipal Wastewater written by Damian Jakub Kruk and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of the study was to develop a partial nitrification/anammox electrically assisted struvite yield membrane bioreactor (PN/A EASY MBR) with simultaneous phosphorus recovery for treatment of municipal wastewater. The research was conducted in four separate experiments evaluating the feasibility of electrochemical phosphorus recovery, impact of electric current on nitrifying and anammox bacteria, and long term anammox performance at low temperature. The EASY method based on the magnesium dissolution from a sacrificial anode was found to be very effective in recovery of high-quality struvite even from fermented waste activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant that does not practice enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Effects of short and long term exposure of nitrifying biomass to direct current were investigated using inert graphite electrodes. Both short and long term exposure kinetic tests indicated that the activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria was slightly inhibited with almost linear decline, whereas the activity of nitrite oxidizing bacteria was stimulated. The trends of relative activity changes exhibit a high correlation to the electric current applied per mass of volatile suspended solids. Low temperatures are one of the main obstacles to implementation in the main stream. In this study the impact of long-term exposure to a temperature of 10°C on the anammox process was investigated. Quantitative PCR was used to follow the population dynamics of different strains of anammox bacteria. Results of the investigation of the electric current impact on anammox activity provided evidence that simultaneous anammox and electrochemical processes is not a feasible approach. However, the study provided a novel method of phosphorus recovery available also for non-EBPR plants, which can be applied in the mainstream process simultaneously with conventional nitrification. The study of anammox at low temperature generated valuable insights for development of mainstream anammox treatment.
Download or read book Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater written by Robert P.G. Bowker and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1990-12-31 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information presented first by the US EPA in September 1987, in Design manual--phosphorus removal. The manual is oriented toward design methods and operating procedures. Cost information from actual phosphorus-removing installations is presented when available. Planning level cost estimates are also included. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Design Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling written by Hisao Ohtake and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-25 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the engineering aspects of phosphorus (P) recovery and recycling, presenting recent research advances and applications of technologies in this important and challenging area of engineering. It highlights full-scale applications to illustrate the performance and effectiveness of the new technologies. As an essential element for all living organisms, P cannot be replaced by any other element in biochemical processes, humans ultimately rely its availability. Today, P is mostly obtained from mined rock phosphate (Pi). However, natural reserves of high-grade rock Pi are limited and dwindling on a global scale. As such, there have been increased efforts to recycle P from secondary sources, including sewage sludge, animal manure, food waste, and steelmaking slag, and so close the anthropogenic P cycle. In addition to various aspects of phosphorus covered by other literature, including chemistry, biochemistry, ecology, soil-plant systems and sustainable management, this book is a valuable and comprehensive source of information on the rapidly evolving field of P recovery and recycling engineering for students, researchers, and professionals responsible for sustainable use of phosphorus.
Download or read book Biological Wastewater Treatment written by Mogens Henze and published by IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc). This book was released on 1881 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For information on the online course in Biological Wastewater Treatment from UNESCO-IHE, visit: http://www.iwapublishing.co.uk/books/biological-wastewater-treatment-online-course-principles-modeling-and-design Over the past twenty years, the knowledge and understanding of wastewater treatment have advanced extensively and moved away from empirically-based approaches to a first principles approach embracing chemistry, microbiology, physical and bioprocess engineering, and mathematics. Many of these advances have matured to the degree that they have been codified into mathematical models for simulation with computers. For a new generation of young scientists and engineers entering the wastewater treatment profession, the quantity, complexity and diversity of these new developments can be overwhelming, particularly in developing countries where access is not readily available to advanced level tertiary education courses in wastewater treatment. Biological Wastewater Treatment addresses this deficiency. It assembles and integrates the postgraduate course material of a dozen or so professors from research groups around the world that have made significant contributions to the advances in wastewater treatment. The book forms part of an internet-based curriculum in biological wastewater treatment which also includes: Summarized lecture handouts of the topics covered in book Filmed lectures by the author professors Tutorial exercises for students self-learning Upon completion of this curriculum the modern approach of modelling and simulation to wastewater treatment plant design and operation, be it activated sludge, biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal, secondary settling tanks or biofilm systems, can be embraced with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence.
Download or read book Phosphorus Removal Within Existing Wastewater Treatment Facilities written by B. I. Boyko and published by Environmental Protection Service, Environment Canada. This book was released on 1976 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The various projects reported herein were undertaken to assist in the implementation of the Province of Ontario's phosphorus control program. Under this five-year program, phosphorus removal was to be initiated on the discharges of more than 170 existing wastewater treatment plants serving some five million persons. In order to implement this program, a methodology to predict the coagulant best suited for phosphorus removal at any particular treatment facility was required. It was also necessary to determine whether the chemicals used for phosphorus removal would have any physical or process effects on present wastewater treatment processes, facilities, methods of sludge treatment, and subsequent sludge disposal practices. This report discusses coagulation prediction and prime coagulant selection, and the operational results, problems and design considerations derived from a series of full scale studies. The study concluded that phosphorus removal may be readily implemented with minimal capital expenditure at operating municipal wastewater treatment facilities of all designs currently in use in Ontario.
Download or read book Biological Phosphorus Removal written by P. M. J. Janssen and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2002-05-31 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological phosphorus (bio-P) removal has become a reliable and well-understood process within wastewater treatment, despite being one of the most complex processes in the activated sludge process. Extended fundamental and full-scale research has been carried out into the bio-P process and the state-of-the-art is described in this report. A summarising historical overview gives insight into the establishment of the appropriate microbiological and biochemical basis of the process and the development of bio-P configurations in practice. Aspects of the bio-P process that have a direct influence on the efficiency of phosphorus removal are subjected to an in-depth investigation. This report presents guidelines for design and dimensioning in order to introduce and/or optimise the bio-P process in practice. Twelve bio-P installations are extensively described and the operational results and experiences are related to existing bio-P knowledge and guidelines. Based on a number of parameters, a comparison is made between the described bio-P plants. A steady state model is verified with extensive periods of practical experience of the plants. The bio-P model, which is provided on CD-ROM (available for download here), offers a reliable insight into the bio-P process, coupled with sensitivity analyses regarding wastewater characteristics and process parameters for the anaerobic volume and the P-ortho concentration in the final effluent. The report ends with a systematic approach to the design of the bio-P process, based on the background of the bio-P process itself, much practical experience and the analysis of operational bio-P plants. Also presented is a systematic approach to tackle operational aspects of the bio-P process in order to generate an acceptable low P effluent concentration. This optimisation of the bio-P process operation is supported by a decision diagram. Biological Phosphorus Removal will be an invaluable source of information for all those concerned with wastewater treatment, including plant managers, process designers, consultants and researchers.
Download or read book Mass Flow and Energy Efficiency of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants written by Cao Ye Shi and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2011-09-14 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special Offer: Cao Ye Shi Author Set - Buy all three books together and save a total £76! Mass Flow and Energy Efficiency of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants presents the results of a series of studies that examined the mass flow and balance, and energy efficiency, of municipal wastewater treatment plants; it offers a vision of the future for municipal wastewater treatment plants. These studies were undertaken as part of the R & D program of the Public Utilities Board (PUB), Singapore. The book covers the latest practical and academic developments and provides: a detailed picture of the mass flow and transfer of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), solids, nitrogen and phosphorus and energy efficiency in a large municipal wastewater treatment plants in Singapore. The results are compared with the Strass wastewater treatment plant, Austria, which reaches energy self-sufficiency, and the approaches for improvement are proposed. a description of the biological conversions and mass flow and energy recovery in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor - activated sludge process (UASB-ASP) - and compares this to the conventional activated sludge process. a comprehensive and critical review of the current state of the art of energy efficiency of municipal wastewater treatment plants including benchmarks, best available technologies and practices in energy saving and recovery, institution policies, and road maps to high energy recovery and high efficiency plants. a vision of future wastewater treatment plants including the major challenges of the paradigm shift from waste removal to resource recovery, technologies and processes to be studied, integrated sanitation system and management and policies. Mass Flow and Energy Efficiency of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants is a valuable reference on energy and sustainable management of municipal wastewater treatment plants, and will be especially useful for process and design researchers in wastewater research institutions, engineers, consultants and managers in water companies and water utilities, as well as students and academic staff in civil/sanitation/environment departments in universities.
Download or read book Biology of Wastewater Treatment written by N. F. Gray and published by Series on Environmental Scienc. This book was released on 2004 with total page 1421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive text provides the reader with both a detailed reference and a unified course on wastewater treatment. Aimed at scientists and engineers, it deals with the environmental and biological aspects of wastewater treatment and sludge disposal.The book starts by examining the nature of wastewaters and how they are oxidized in the natural environment. An introductory chapter deals with wastewater treatment systems and examines how natural principles have been harnessed by man to treat his own waste in specialist reactors. The role of organisms is considered by looking at kinetics, metabolism and the different types of micro-organisms involved. All the major biological process groups are examined in detail, in highly referenced chapters; they include fixed film reactors, activated sludge, stabilization ponds, anaerobic systems and vegetative processes. Sludge treatment and disposal is examined with particular reference to the environmental problems associated with the various disposal routes. A comprehensive chapter on public health looks at the important waterborne organisms associated with disease, as well as removal processes within treatment systems. Biotechnology has had an enormous impact on wastewater treatment at every level, and this is explored in terms of resource reuse, biological conversion processes and environmental protection. Finally, there is a short concluding chapter that looks at the sustainability of waste water treatment. The text is fully illustrated and supported by over 3000 references.
Download or read book Treatment Wetlands written by Gabriela Dotro and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-15 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Overview of Treatment Wetlands; Fundamentals of Treatment Wetlands; Horizontal Flow Wetlands; Vertical Flow Wetlands; French Vertical Flow Wetlands; Intensified and Modified Wetlands; Free Water Surface Wetlands; Other Applications; Additional Aspects.
