Download or read book Evaluation of Peroxone Oxidation Techniques for Removal of Explosives from Cornhusker Army Ammunition Plant Waters written by Elizabeth C. Fleming and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Peroxone Groundwater Treatment of Explosive Contaminants Demonstration and Evaluation written by Michael V. McCrea and published by . This book was released on 1997-03-01 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the performance and cost effectiveness of a Peroxone Groundwater Treatment Plant (PGTP) designed and operated by Montgomery Watson, in support of the Defense Evaluation Support Agency's independent analysis for the United States Army Environmental Center (USAEC). Many Department of Defense installations have sites that contain groundwater contaminated with explosive materials. Primary methods for the removal of explosive materials involve the use of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC). This process, however, requires additional waste disposal and treatment of explosive laden GAC, thereby incurring additional costs. An alternate method for the treatment of contaminated groundwater involves the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in conjunction with ozone (03). This method is referred to as the Peroxone oxidation process. A demonstration of the PGTP was conducted from 19 August to 8 November, 1996, at Cornhusker Army Ammunition Plant (CAAP), Grand Island, Nebraska using a small scale version with a maximum flow rate of 25 gallons per minute. The explosive contaminants analyzed during the demonstration include 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene (TNB), 1,3,5-Triazine (RDX), and Total Nitrobodies. Peroxone cost effectiveness was evaluated using a 30 year life cycle cost comparison to GAC and Ultraviolet/Ozone processes.
Download or read book Bioremediation of Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems written by Milton Fingerman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioremediation, the use of microorganisms to degrade, sequester, or remove environmental contaminants, is an urgent need of our planet for protection and restoration from toxic contaminants. This book not only provides cutting edge information about bioremediation of aquatic and terrestrial habitats, but also highlights the gaps in our knowledge of
Download or read book Peroxone Groundwater Treatment Demonstration written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A field-scale plant for the treatment of explosives contaminated groundwater was designed and constructed at the Cornhusker Army Ammunition Plant (CAAP) near Grand Island, Nebraska. The target compounds were trinitrotoluene (TNT), trinitrobenzene (TNB), (N)-trinitro-1, 3 5%triazacyclohexane (RDX) and other nitrobodies. The process chosen was oxidation with a combination of ozone and hydrogen peroxide (Peroxone). The plant was capable of treating 25 gal-min' with a dose of ozone as high as 55 mg-L-1 in each of six bubble column reactors with hydraulic retention times of 24 minutes per reactor. Hydrogen peroxide was fed in the influent water prior to ozonation. The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility and projected costs for reducing explosive compounds level to 2 mug-L-1 for the specific nitro-compounds and 30 mug-L-1 for total nitrobodies. The demonstration was carried out over a period of three months. The results showed that the Peroxone process is capable of oxidizing all of the target compounds but very large doses of ozone and hydrogen peroxide are required to reach the target level for TNB, the most recalcitrant target compound. An empirical model was developed as a design tool to provide information on system scale up to 1000 gal-min-1. This model provided not only technical feasibility on scale up, but also a preliminary cost evaluation. A report prepared by the project independent evaluator discusses cost implications in much more detail. Recommendations for further work and for potential cost minimization measures are presented.
Download or read book Laboratory Assessment of Advanced Oxidation Processes for Treatment of Explosives and Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater from the Former Nebraska Ordnance Plant written by Elizabeth C. Fleming and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Peroxene Demonstration Performance and Cost Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Army EnVironmental Center (USAEC) implemented the Peroxone groundwater treatment plant demonstration to study the performance and analyze the cost of the new Peroxone technology. The effort is part of the Department of Defense (DoD) Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP). TRW and their subcontractor, Montgomery Watson, demonstrated the Peroxone system shown in Figure 1 at the Cornhusker Army Ammunition Plant (CAAP) in Grand Island, Nebraska. The CAAP groundwater was contaminated from the manufacture and loading of explosives for World War II, the Korean Conflict, and the Vietnam Conflict, and was placed on the National Priority List (NPL) (i.e. Superfund site). Therefore, CAAP was a candidate for the Peroxone technology, which is suitable for remediation of groundwater contaminated with residuals and wastes from the manufacturing and loading of conventional explosives products.
Download or read book Contaminants in the Subsurface written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-04-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.
Download or read book Alternatives for Managing the Nation s Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-27 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the United States, thousands of hazardous waste sites are contaminated with chemicals that prevent the underlying groundwater from meeting drinking water standards. These include Superfund sites and other facilities that handle and dispose of hazardous waste, active and inactive dry cleaners, and leaking underground storage tanks; many are at federal facilities such as military installations. While many sites have been closed over the past 30 years through cleanup programs run by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. EPA, and other state and federal agencies, the remaining caseload is much more difficult to address because the nature of the contamination and subsurface conditions make it difficult to achieve drinking water standards in the affected groundwater. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites estimates that at least 126,000 sites across the U.S. still have contaminated groundwater, and their closure is expected to cost at least $110 billion to $127 billion. About 10 percent of these sites are considered "complex," meaning restoration is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50 to 100 years due to technological limitations. At sites where contaminant concentrations have plateaued at levels above cleanup goals despite active efforts, the report recommends evaluating whether the sites should transition to long-term management, where risks would be monitored and harmful exposures prevented, but at reduced costs.
Download or read book Contaminant Hydrogeology written by Charles Willard Fetter and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ozone in Water Treatment written by Am Water Works Res F and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-02-13 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986, many water utilities are reexamining their water treatment practices. Upcoming new regulations on disinfection and on disinfection by-products, in particular, are the primary driving forces for the big interest in ozone. It appears that ozone, with its strong disinfection capabilities, and apparently lower levels of disinfection by-products (compared to other disinfectants), may be the oxidant/disinfectant of choice. Many utilities currently using chlorine for oxidation may need to switch due to chlorine by-product concerns. Utilities using chloramines may need to use ozone to meet CT requirements. This book, prepared by 35 international experts, includes current technology on the design, operation, and control of the ozone process within a drinking water plant. It combines almost 100 years of European ozone design and operating experience with North American design/operations experience and the North American regulatory and utility operational environment. Topics covered include ozone chemistry, toxicology, design consideration, engineering aspects, design of retrofit systems, and the operation and economics of ozone technology. The book contains a "how to" section on ozone treatability studies, which explains what information can be learned using treatability studies, at what scale (bench, pilot, or demonstration plant), and how this information can be used to design full-scale systems. It also includes valuable tips regarding important operating practices, as well as guidance on retrofits and the unique issues involved with retrofitting the ozone process. With ozone being one of the hottest areas of interest in drinking water, this book will prove essential to all water utilities, design engineers, regulators, and plant managers and supervisors.
Download or read book Water Treatment Plant Design written by American Society of Civil Engineers and published by McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 998 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The industry standard reference for water treatment plant design and modernization has been updated to include hot topics such as security and design, vulnerability assessments, and planning against vandalism and sabotage, as well as the latest information on codes, regulations, and water quality standards. * Latest code updates and new water quality standards * Design operation and analysis of treatment facilities
Download or read book Algal Biorefineries written by Aleš Prokop and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algae offer potential to produce renewable chemicals and fuels using solar energy and carbon dioxide from atmosphere or in flue gases while simultaneously reducing the generation of greenhouse gases. Since these can be grown on marginal lands with micronutrients and macronutrients often present in waste streams, algae-based chemicals and fuels do not compete with foods. Still large-scale production of algae-based fuels and chemicals faces considerable technological and economical challenges and it would by necessity require a biorefinery approach wherein all the possible algal components are converted into value-added compounds. The present series on algal biorefineries represents a forum for reporting the state of the art of different technologies as well as the latest advances in this field. The volume II of this series complements the volume I in terms of the current state of the art. Different chapters in this volume address diverse issues ranging from genetically modifies algae to new products to life-cycle analysis of algal products.
Download or read book Integrated Design and Operation of Water Treatment Facilities written by Susumu Kawamura and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2000-09-14 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely up-to-date coverage of water treatment facility design and operation This Second Edition of Susumu Kawamura's landmark volume offerscomprehensive coverage of water treatment facility design, from thebasic principles to the latest innovations. It covers a broadspectrum of water treatment process designs in detail and offersclear guidelines on how to choose the unit, process, and equipmentthat will maximize overall efficiency and minimize maintenancecosts. This book also explores many important operational issuesthat affect today's plant operators and facility designers. This new edition introduces several new subjects, including valueengineering, watershed management, dissolved air flotation process,filtered reservoir (clearwell) design, and electrical systemdesign. It provides expanded and updated coverage of objectives forfinished water quality, instrumentation and control, disinfectionprocess, ozonation, disinfection by-product control, the GACprocess, and the membrane filtration process. Other importantfeatures of this Second Edition include: * Practical guidance on the design of every water treatment plantcomponent * New information on plant layout, cost estimation, sedimentationissues, and more * English and SI units throughout * Help in designing for compliance with water treatment-relatedgovernment regulations Supplemented with hundreds of illustrations, charts, and tables,Integrated Design and Operation of Water Treatment Facilities,Second Edition is an indispensable, hands-on resource for civilengineers and managers, whether working on new facilities orredesigning and rebuilding existing facilities.
Download or read book Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidants Guidance Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alternatives for Ground Water Cleanup written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There may be nearly 300,000 waste sites in the United States where ground water and soil are contaminated. Yet recent studies question whether existing technologies can restore contaminated ground water to drinking water standards, which is the goal for most sites and the result expected by the public. How can the nation balance public health, technological realities, and cost when addressing ground water cleanup? This new volume offers specific conclusions, outlines research needs, and recommends policies that are technologically sound while still protecting health and the environment. Authored by the top experts from industry and academia, this volume: Examines how the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the subsurface environment, as well as the properties of contaminants, complicate the cleanup task. Reviews the limitations of widely used conventional pump-and-treat cleanup systems, including detailed case studies. Evaluates a range of innovative cleanup technologies and the barriers to their full implementation. Presents specific recommendations for policies and practices in evaluating contamination sites, in choosing remediation technologies, and in setting appropriate cleanup goals.
Download or read book Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous Radioactive and Mixed Wastes written by Roger D. Spence and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-28 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of stabilization and solidification techniques in the field of waste treatment reflects the efforts to better protect human health and the environment with modern advances in materials and technology. Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes provides comprehensive information including case studie
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for 2 4 6 trinitrotoluene written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
