Download or read book Evaluation of Nitrogen Use Efficiency NUE in Wheat written by Bahaddin Abdullah Faraj and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen fertilizers are a major input required for cereal crop production worldwide. The management of this resource is a significant challenge to most agricultural systems as it can have significant impacts on yield and the environment. The use of applied nitrogen fertilisers in cereals is poor, where only 30-40% is actually used by cereals and the remainder lost to the environment by surface runoff, soil denitrification and volatilization (Ehdaie et al., 2010; Butterbach-Bahl and Dannenmann 2011). Improving cereal nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is imperative to achieve yield and quality with less direct N inputs. In this study, experiments were conducted in 2010 to evaluate the effect of N fertilizer application (0, 50, 100, 150 kg urea/ha) on the growth and yield of wheat varieties at specific locations across South Australia while a small pilot glasshouse study was conducted at the Waite Campus, Adelaide University. The field experiments were designed as a randomised split-plot with three replications for each wheat cultivar and N treatment. Plant response to N treatment was measured through estimates of plant height, leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD meter), plant spike number, grain yield, 1000 grain weight, shoot biomass weight, grain N % and final grain protein content, harvest index (HI) and NUE. Restrictions in space and large growing pots limited the controlled glasshouse study to a technical study. The results found little variability between the three field sites in Grain %N in response to increasing N provision. There was a trend of increasing grain %N at both Mintaro and Pinnaroo, which was broadly in evidence across the individual lines. Grain yield was highest at Mintaro and was double of that achieved at both Pinnaroo and Tuckey. Whereas, in the glasshouse experimental results show that there was a strong response in grain %N to increasing N provision when plants were grown over the spring/summer season but not during the autumn/winter. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was found to be greater at low nitrogen treatment (N1) in all experiments and decreased roughly with increased N application. In general, the results indicated that wheat cultivars responded well to nitrogen application with the medium rate of application within experiments, while beyond this rate caused no significant improvements in plant growth and yield.
Download or read book Plant Breeding for Abiotic Stress Tolerance written by Roberto Fritsche-Neto and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-05 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid population growth and the increase in the per capita income, especially in the group of emerging countries referred to as BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) has created huge pressure for the expansion of the agricultural growing area and the crop yields to meet the rising demand. As a result, many areas that have been considered marginal for growing crops, due to their low fertility, drought, salinity, and many other abiotic stresses, have now been incorporated in the production system. Additionally, climate change has brought new challenges to agriculture to produce food, feed, fiber and biofuels. To cope with these new challenges, many plant breeding programs have reoriented their breeding scope to stress tolerance in the last years. The authors of this book have collected the most recent advances and discoveries applied to breeding for abiotic stresses in this book, starting with new physiological concepts and breeding methods, and moving on to discuss modern molecular biological approaches geared to the development of improved cultivars tolerant to most sorts of abiotic stress. Written in an easy to understand style, this book is an excellent reference work for students, scientists and farmers interested in learning how to breed for abiotic stresses scenarios, presenting the state-of-the-art in plant stresses and allowing the reader to develop a greater understanding of the basic mechanisms of tolerance to abiotic stresses and how to breed for them.
Download or read book Application of Physiology in Wheat Breeding written by M. P. Reynolds and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 2001 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrogen in Agriculture written by Khan Amanullah and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is the most yield-restraining nutrient in crop production globally. Efficient nitrogen management is one of the most important factor for improving nitrogen use efficiency, field crops productivity and profitability. Efficient use of nitrogen for crop production is therefore very important for increasing grain yield, maximizing economic return and minimizing nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from the fields and nitrate (NO3) leaching to ground water. Integrated nitrogen management is a good strategy to improve plant growth, increase yield and yield components, grain quality and reduce environmental problems. Integrated nitrogen management (combined use of chemical + organic + bio-fertilizers) in field crop production is more resilient to climate change.
Download or read book Nutrient Use Efficiency in Plants written by Malcolm J. Hawkesford and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-14 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrient Use Efficiency in Plants: Concepts and Approaches is the ninth volume in the Plant Ecophysiology series. It presents a broad overview of topics related to improvement of nutrient use efficiency of crops. Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is a measure of how well plants use the available mineral nutrients. It can be defined as yield (biomass) per unit input (fertilizer, nutrient content). NUE is a complex trait: it depends on the ability to take up the nutrients from the soil, but also on transport, storage, mobilization, usage within the plant, and even on the environment. NUE is of particular interest as a major target for crop improvement. Improvement of NUE is an essential pre-requisite for expansion of crop production into marginal lands with low nutrient availability but also a way to reduce use of inorganic fertilizer.
Download or read book Fertilizer Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Winter Wheat in the Willamette Valley written by Roger Keith Kjelgren and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer uptake by soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was measured over two cropping seasons across a range of soils and cropping histories in the Willamette Valley. Fate and potential losses of applied nitrogen were also assessed over a seventeen month period. In both cropping seasons, 15N labeled nitrogen was used to obtain a direct assessment of fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and to follow the distribution of fertilizer N in plant and soil. Nitrogen rate experiments were used to obtain an indirect assessment of NUE by regressing total N uptake on fertilizer N applied. Plant uptake of applied N ranged from 42 to 67%, with sites having poor soils or high root disease potential giving the lowest efficiencies. Direct assessment of uptake efficiency with N was more precise than indirect assessment, but was not necessarily more accurate. Recovery of fertilizer N in the grain ranged from 54% to 73% of the total fertilizer N taken up. Recovery in the grain was less the first year because of widespread leaf disease. Optimum economic N fertilization rates could be predicted (r2 = 0.92) based on uptake of soil N and NUE. Availability of soil N was the most important parameter in determining optimum economic rate of N fertilization. Accountability of fertilizer N in plant and soil after the first crop ranged from 65% to 108% of that applied. Fertilizer N left in the soil was almost exclusively found in an organically combined form, primarily in the top 15 cm of soil. The contribution of residual fertilizer N to the following year's crop was minimal, but only half of the residual N was accounted for following the second crop. It appeared that 10 to 31% of the applied fertilizer N was lost between the end of the first cropping season and before the winter of the second cropping season. NUE by winter wheat in the Willamette Valley appears to be higher than NUE by dryland wheat grown in the Midwest. Sufficiently accurate assessment of NUE can be determined by indirect methods. This determination, combined with a method for determining soil N uptake, can contribute to improved N fertilizer recommendations for wheat in the Willamette Valley.
Download or read book The Use of Nutrients in Crop Plants written by Nand Kumar Fageria and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Put Theory into Practice Scarcity of natural resources, higher costs, higher demand, and concerns about environmental pollution- under these circumstances, improving food supply worldwide with adequate quantity and quality is fundamental. Based on the author's more than forty years of experience, The Use of Nutrients in Crop Plants
Download or read book Wheat Facts and Futures 2009 written by and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology written by Mohammad Pessarakli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-09-18 with total page 997 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from over 70 international experts, this reference provides comprehensive coverage of plant physiological stages and processes under both normal and stressful conditions. It emphasizes environmental factors, climatic changes, developmental stages, and growth regulators as well as linking plant and crop physiology to the production of food, feed, and medicinal compounds. Offering over 300 useful tables, equations, drawings, photographs, and micrographs, the book covers cellular and molecular aspects of plant and crop physiology, plant and crop physiological responses to heavy metal concentration and agrichemicals, computer modeling in plant physiology, and more.
Download or read book Global Wheat Production written by Shah Fahad and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global wheat consumption in the 2016/2017 season is forecasted to reach a record high 736m tonnes, showing a growth of 25% in the last 15 years. This raises the question which outlets the wheat is going into, what the growth of these outlets is, which regions or countries have grown the most, and where do we see future potential. Strong competition of other feed grains like corn is expected to slow the growth of wheat used for feed in the next years, and in the future, companies involved in the grain supply chain and feeding industry will need to be flexible enough to continue to meet this fast-changing demand for feed grains. For feed producers, this means they need to be able to access supplies of different grains from different origins to allow for the cheapest composition of their feed, while grain suppliers need to be able to continuously best engage with global trading opportunities to originate grains in various regions and move them to demand regions as cost-effectively as possible.
Download or read book Nitrogen in Agriculture written by Takuji Ohyama and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-09-29 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is the most important nutrient in agricultural practice because the availability of nitrogen from the soil is generally not enough to support crop yields. To maintain soil fertility, the application of organic matters and crop rotation have been practiced. Farmers can use convenient chemical nitrogen fertilizers to obtain high crop yields. However, the inappropriate use of nitrogen fertilizers causes environmental problems such as nitrate leaching, contamination in groundwater, and the emission of N2O gas. This book is divided into the following four sections: “Ecology and Environmental Aspects of Nitrogen in Agriculture”, “Nitrogen Fertilizers and Nitrogen Management in Agriculture”, “N Utilization and Metabolism in Crops”, “Plant-Microbe Interactions”.
Download or read book Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle written by Arvin Mosier and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and development and a key agricultural input-but in excess it can lead to a host of problems for human and ecological health. Across the globe, distribution of fertilizer nitrogen is very uneven, with some areas subject to nitrogen pollution and others suffering from reduced soil fertility, diminished crop production, and other consequences of inadequate supply. Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle provides a global assessment of the role of nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen cycle. The focus of the book is regional, emphasizing the need to maintain food and fiber production while minimizing environmental impacts where fertilizer is abundant, and the need to enhance fertilizer utilization in systems where nitrogen is limited. The book is derived from a workshop held by the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) in Kampala, Uganda, that brought together the world's leading scientists to examine and discuss the nitrogen cycle and related problems. It contains an overview chapter that summarizes the group's findings, four chapters on cross-cutting issues, and thirteen background chapters. The book offers a unique synthesis and provides an up-to-date, broad perspective on the issues of nitrogen fertilizer in food production and the interaction of nitrogen and the environment.
Download or read book Crop Physiology written by Victor Sadras and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-09-17 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From climate change to farming systems to genetic modification of organisms, Crop Physiology, Second Edition provides a practical tool for understanding the relationships and challenges of successful cropping. With a focus on genetic improvement and agronomy, this book addresses the challenges of environmentally sound production of bulk and quality food, fodder, fiber, and energy which are of ongoing international concern. The second edition of Crop Physiology continues to provide a unique analysis of these topics while reflecting important changes and advances in the relevant science and implementation systems. Contemporary agriculture confronts the challenge of increasing demand in terms of quantitative and qualitative production targets. These targets have to be achieved against the background of soil and water scarcity, worldwide and regional shifts in the patterns of land use driven by both climate change and the need to develop crop-based sources of energy, and the environmental and social aspects of agricultural sustainability. - Provides a view of crop physiology as an active source of methods, theories, ideas, and tools for application in genetic improvement and agronomy - Written by leading scientists from around the world - Combines environment-specific cropping systems and general principles of crop science to appeal to advanced students, and scientists in agriculture-related disciplines, from molecular sciences to natural resources management
Download or read book Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Field Crops written by Nand Kumar Fageria and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-10-19 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the year 2050, the world's population is expected to reach nine billion. To feed and sustain this projected population, world food production must increase by at least 50 percent on much of the same land that we farm today. To meet this staggering challenge, scientists must develop the technology required to achieve an "evergreen" revolution-one
Download or read book The Root Systems in Sustainable Agricultural Intensification written by Zed Rengel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-19 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore an in-depth and insightful collection of resources discussing various aspects of root structure and function in intensive agricultural systems The Root Systems in Sustainable Agricultural Intensification delivers a comprehensive treatment of state-of-the-art concepts in the theoretical and practical aspects of agricultural management to enhance root system architecture and function. The book emphasizes the agricultural measures that enhance root capacity to develop and function under a range of water and nutrient regimes to maximize food, feed, and fibre production, as well as minimize undesirable water and nutrient losses to the environment. This reference includes resources that discuss a variety of soil, plant, agronomy, farming system, breeding, molecular and modelling aspects to the subject. It also discusses strategies and mechanisms that underpin increased water- and nutrient-use efficiency and combines consideration of natural and agricultural systems to show the continuity of traits and mechanisms. Finally, the book explores issues related to the global economy as well as widespread social issues that arise from, or are underpinned by, agricultural intensification. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to sustainable intensification, including its meaning, the need for the technology, components, and the role of root systems Exploration of the dynamics of root systems in crop and pasture genotypes over the last 100 years Discussion of the interplay between root structure and function with soil microbiome in enhancing efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition Evaluation of water uptake in drying soil, including balancing supply and demand Perfect for agronomists, horticulturalists, plant and soil scientists, breeders, and soil microbiologists, The Root Systems in Sustainable Agricultural Intensification will also earn a place in the libraries of advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in this field who seek a one-stop reference in the area of root structure and function.
Download or read book Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Response of Wheat Varieties Commonly Grown in the Great Plains USA written by Nathaniel D. Dorsey and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen response in winter wheat could help producers reduce input costs associated with nitrogen fertilizers and decrease the negative environmental impacts of N loss. The objectives of this research were to i) establish if there are genetic differences in NUE and other related parameters among wheat varieties commonly grown in the Great Plains, ii) determine if there are differences in N response among select varieties with a range of NUEs, and iii) determine if NUE influences N response. This information could be useful in future breeding efforts as researchers seek to develop more efficient varieties. This was approached by conducting two separate studies, a large NUE study with 25 winter wheat varieties, and a smaller N Rate study with 4 varieties that represented a range of NUEs based on the preliminary results of the NUE study. The NUE study was conducted over the course of several seasons and locations, with treatments of consisting of N Rate and variety. The experiment was laid out in a strip-plot design and replicated four times at each location. In the 2010-11 and 2011-12 seasons it was planted at the Kansas River Valley Experiment Field in Rossville, KS. In the 2012-13 season the experiment was planted at two locations, one at Silverlake and another at Ashland Bottoms, KS. The experiment was again planted at two locations in the fall of 2013, in Ashland Bottoms, KS, and Hutchinson, KS. The wheat varieties were grown with two N rates, 0 kg N ha−1 and 90 kg N ha−1. Nitrogen use efficiency was calculated as the grain yield per unit of available nitrogen (sum of soil N and fertilizer N) and ranged from 22-30 kg of grain per kg of N and was strongly influenced by variety with a p
Download or read book Rainfed Agriculture written by Suhas Pralhad Wani and published by CABI. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, which contains 14 chapters, covers all aspects of rainfed agriculture, starting with its potential, current status, rainwater harvesting and supplementary irrigation, to policies, approaches, institutions for upscaling, and impacts of integrated water management programmes in rainfed areas.
