Download or read book Evaluation of High Intensity Sheeting for Overhead Highway Signs written by R. N. Robertson and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current practice in Virginia is to reflectorize and illuminate all overhead highway signs because of their important role in the safe and orderly flow of traffic. Reflectorization is obtained by using reflective sheeting as background and legend materials, and diffuse illumination is provided on the sign surface by lighting fixtures. The performance of the high intensity sheeting has shown significant promise and the purpose of this research was to determine the feasibility of using the material on overhead highway signs without external illumination. Since sign brightness standards have not been established, a comparative technique was employed whereby the brightness of six high intensity overhead signs without illumination was compared to that of six conventional illuminated signs. All experimentation was conducted in the field under the physical and environmental conditions experienced by the highway user. Luminance measurements were made with a telephotometer at the driver's eye position of eleven conventional automobiles. A total of 5,446 luminance measurements were recorded from the travel lanes of illuminated and non-illuminated roadways. The study concluded that the unlighted high intensity signs were brighter than the lighted conventional signs for the motorist traveling on straight sections of roadways using high beam headlights. For the same motorist using low beams the luminances of the high intensity signs were not as bright as those of adjacent conventional signs. Under stream traffic conditions, the average luminances of the conventional signs were slightly higher than those of the unlighted high intensity signs, however, in many cases there were no statistical differences and the people who viewed the signs stated they preferred the high intensity sign because its uniform brightness provided better legibility. On a curved approach, where only a limited amount of light from the vehicles was projected upon the overhead signs, the brightness of the unlighted high intensity signs was not sufficient to provide the motorists with sign visibility and legibility equivalent to those obtained from the lighted conventional signs.
Download or read book The Applicability of High Intensity Sheeting on Overhead Highway Signs written by R. N. Robertson and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes (1) the findings of a research study on the applicability of using high intensity reflective sheeting on overhead signs, and (2) the implementation of recommendations evolving from these findings through elimination of the illumination on many overhead signs in Virginia. A survey was conducted to determine the percentage of overhead signs meeting the criteria, developed in the research, under which the illumination could be eliminated if they were refurbished with high intensity sheeting, and the plans of several proposed projects were reviewed to obtain an estimate of the percentage of signs on which lighting could be eliminated through the use of the high intensity material. Also, data were collected relative to the installation, energy and maintenance costs for lighting overhead signs. The study concluded that the illumination could be eliminated on approximately 45% of the existing signs and 50% of the proposed signs through the use of high intensity reflective materials. The benefits anticipated from the implementation of the program include enormous money and energy savings, a significant reduction in the exposure of maintenance personnel to hazardous working conditions, and improved services to the motorists.
Download or read book A Limited Evaluation of Reflective and Non reflective Background for Overhead Signs written by Norman Bryan and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Review of Kansas Department of Transportation Reflective Sheeting Policy written by Eugene R. Russell and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this study was to determine the best, cost-effective policy, consistent with safety, for sign sheeting material to be used on signs and construction work zone traffic control devices on State highways in Kansas. The investigation consisted of reviewing literature, contacting knowledgeable traffic engineers and research, conducting a survey of selected States' practice, conducting a life-cycle cost analysis, and reviewing a previous reflective sheeting study conducted for the Kansas Department of Transportation (Bellomo-McGee Inc., 1988).
Download or read book Highway Safety Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Overhead Sign Background Materials and Mercury Vapor Sign Lights written by H. Dexter Jones and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Verhead Guide Signs can be illuminated to sufficient target value and uniformity with certain 100 watt mercury vapor lighting units. Coating materials based on thermal setting polyester, and thermal setting polyvinylidene fluoride have been found to be satisfactory coating materials for Overhead Guide Signs. Preliminary field evaluations and legibility studies indicate that approximately 40% of the Overhead Guide Signs in the State would not require illumination if the legend is reflective.
Download or read book Highway Safety Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Rotation on the Nighttime Brightness of Overhead Highway Signs Utilizing High Intensity Sheeting written by James A. Benson and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As an initial step in the establishment of guidelines for the use of high intensity sheeting on overhead signs, a pilot study was made to investigate the effect of rotation on the average nighttime brightness of signs utilizing this material. Rotation angles were chosen on the theory that the brightness will be maximum when the entrance angle is minimum. The study concluded that while the theory used was generally, rotation did not significantly improve the average night brightness on the special overhead signs evaluated.
Download or read book Evaluation of Reflectorized Foregrounds for Overhead Freeway Guide Signs written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study involved a comparative evaluation of three types of foreground sheeting material (scotchlite high intensity, seibulite and avery premium) on an engineering grade background for freeway overhead guide signs. non-technical observers were requested to rate the sheeting materials in terms of their brightness, legibility, adequacy and glare, and to indicate their preference between combinations of the materials. the results indicated that overhead guide signs with scotchlite high intensity and seibulite foregrounds were preferred to signs with avery premium foregrounds. scotchlite high intensity and seibulite were not rated differently on any of the measures.
Download or read book Value Engineering Study of Sign Maintenance written by United States. Federal Highway Administration. Implementation Division and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combined state studies: Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Dept., Florida Dept. of Transportation, Kentucky Dept. of Transportation, and Federal Highway Administration.
Download or read book Evaluation of Alternative Lighting Systems for Guide Sign Illumination written by Jonathan Everett Upchurch and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study objective was to identify a lighting system which has a lower power cost and reduced maintenance requirements and which provides adequately for motorists' needs in terms of legibility and illumination level. Twenty-five candidate lighting systems were identified through a review of technical data and specifications for lamps and fixtures by an independent lighting expert. Photometric tests and computer analyses of sign illumination levels reduced the number of candidates to ten alternative systems which were then field tested. Each alternative lighting system was tested for 10 to 14 months. Sign luminance was measured with a telephotometer. Power consumption was monitored. Maintenance requirements and lamp life were noted. A human factors study determined legibility distance and rated viewing comfort, lighting uniformity, and color rendition. An economic analysis was performed which considered the initial cost of acquiring and installing the lighting systems and annual costs for electric power, washing, relamping, and ballast replacement. A lighting system using the high pressure sodium light source was recommended. Compared to the existing commonly used fluorescent system, it uses one-third as much electric power and has about one-third of the annual owning and operating cost. The recommended system has a satisfactory illumination level and provides the best legibility distance of the ten systems tested.
Download or read book Highway Transportation Research and Development Studies written by United States. Federal Highway Administration and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 958 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Public Roads written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Night Visibility of Overhead Guide Signs a Review of the Literature Final Report written by Donald A. Gordon and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Review of Retroreflective Sign Sheeting Materials Practices and Policies Final Report written by Gerardo W. Flintsch and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Freeway Guide Sign Replacement written by Hugh W. McGee and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1991 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This synthesis will be of interest to traffic engineers, planners, and others interested in making sure that motorists' needs for directional information on freeways are being met. Information is provided on policies and procedures used by states in evaluating freeway guide signs and replacing those that are outdated or deteriorated. Many signs on freeways and other controlled-access highways have exceeded their service life and are no longer serving motorists' needs. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the policies, proceduress, and criteria used by states for freeway sign evaluation and replacement programs.
Download or read book Forecasting Passenger and Freight Travel written by National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
