Download or read book Evaluation of Genetic Gain for Dynamic Leaf Traits in Maize Using Field Spectroscopy written by Jonathan Paul Luetchens and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid introduction of cheap and precise genotyping technology has created a void between genotypes and phenotypes in maize breeding. While detailed genetic information is easily accessible, the data are lacking robust phenotypes to be used in mapping studies like genome-wide association. As a result, high-throughput phenotyping tools are necessary to rigorously characterize specific traits. In this study, agronomic traits and an active spectrometer system were used to monitor 36 era hybrids – popular commercial maize hybrids grown from 1936 to 2012 – to discover how various traits have changed over time. In conjunction with increased grain yield of 76 kg/ha per year, modern hybrids displayed a decreased anthesis silking interval, as well as decreased stalk lodging, root lodging, plant height, ear height, and early vegetative biomass, and increased staygreen. In addition, modern hybrids displayed increased leaf chlorophyll and water contents. The 760/730 vegetation index, designed to study plant health and nitrogen uptake using the red edge region of the electromagnetic spectrum, correlated strongly to total leaf chlorophyll content (R2 = 0.64) and also displayed higher values in modern hybrids at numerous points throughout the growing season. By understanding these morphological and physiological trends of maize hybrids over time, breeders can continue to select for traits that are known to enhance yield. Moreover, this research shows that high-throughput phenotyping tools that estimate chlorophyll content can be implemented into a breeding program because the technology can detect superior cultivars.
Download or read book Source Traits for the Genetic Improvement of Early Maturing Maize written by Fredrick Muthoka Mutisya and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Throughput Field Phenotyping to Advance Precision Agriculture and Enhance Genetic Gain Volume II written by Andreas Hund and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-03-01 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research Topic is part of the High-Throughput Field Phenotyping to Advance Precision Agriculture and Enhance Genetic Gain series. The discipline of “High Throughput Field Phenotyping” (HTFP) has gained momentum in the last decade. HTFP includes a wide range of disciplines such as plant science, agronomy, remote sensing, and genetics; as well as biochemistry, imaging, computation, agricultural engineering, and robotics. High throughput technologies have substantially increased our ability to monitor and quantify field experiments and breeding nurseries at multiple scales. HTFP technology can not only rapidly and cost-effectively replace tedious and subjective ratings in the field, but can also unlock the potential of new, latent phenotypes representing underlying biological function. These advances have also provided the ability to follow crop growth and development across seasons at high and previously inaccessible spatial and temporal resolutions. By combining these data with measurements of all environmental factors affecting plant growth and yield (“Envirotyping”), genotypic-specific reaction norms and phenotypic plasticity may be elucidated.
Download or read book Genetic Data Analysis for Plant and Animal Breeding written by Fikret Isik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-09 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book fills the gap between textbooks of quantitative genetic theory, and software manuals that provide details on analytical methods but little context or perspective on which methods may be most appropriate for a particular application. Accordingly this book is composed of two sections. The first section (Chapters 1 to 8) covers topics of classical phenotypic data analysis for prediction of breeding values in animal and plant breeding programs. In the second section (Chapters 9 to 13) we provide the concept and overall review of available tools for using DNA markers for predictions of genetic merits in breeding populations. With advances in DNA sequencing technologies, genomic data, especially single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, have become available for animal and plant breeding programs in recent years. Analysis of DNA markers for prediction of genetic merit is a relatively new and active research area. The algorithms and software to implement these algorithms are changing rapidly. This section represents state-of-the-art knowledge on the tools and technologies available for genetic analysis of plants and animals. However, readers should be aware that the methods or statistical packages covered here may not be available or they might be out of date in a few years. Ultimately the book is intended for professional breeders interested in utilizing these tools and approaches in their breeding programs. Lastly, we anticipate the usage of this volume for advanced level graduate courses in agricultural and breeding courses.
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Near Infrared Analysis written by Emil W. Ciurczak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 1308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid, inexpensive, and easy-to-deploy, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy can be used to analyze samples of virtually any composition, origin, and condition. The Handbook of Near Infrared Analysis, Fourth Edition, explores the factors necessary to perform accurate and time- and cost-effective analyses across a growing spectrum of disciplines. This updated and expanded edition incorporates the latest advances in instrumentation, computerization, chemometrics applied to NIR spectroscopy, and method development in NIR spectroscopy, and underscores current trends in sample preparation, calibration transfer, process control, data analysis, instrument performance testing, and commercial NIR instrumentation. This work offers readers an unparalleled combination of theoretical foundations, cutting-edge applications, and practical experience. Additional features include the following: Explains how to perform accurate as well as time- and cost-effective analyses. Reviews software-enabled chemometric methods and other trends in data analysis. Highlights novel applications in pharmaceuticals, polymers, plastics, petrochemicals, textiles, foods and beverages, baked products, agricultural products, biomedicine, nutraceuticals, and counterfeit detection. Underscores current trends in sample preparation, calibration transfer, process control, data analysis, and multiple aspects of commercial NIR instrumentation. Offering the most complete single-source guide of its kind, the Handbook of Near Infrared Analysis, Fourth Edition, continues to offer practicing chemists and spectroscopists an unparalleled combination of theoretical foundations, cutting-edge applications, and detailed practical experience provided firsthand by more than 50 experts in the field.
Download or read book Improvement of Rice Through omics Approaches written by Ravi Gupta and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-06-15 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Drought Stress in Maize Zea mays L written by Muhammad Aslam and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-20 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on early germination, one of maize germplasm most important strategies for adapting to drought-induced stress. Some genotypes have the ability to adapt by either reducing water losses or by increasing water uptake. Drought tolerance is also an adaptive strategy that enables crop plants to maintain their normal physiological processes and deliver higher economical yield despite drought stress. Several processes are involved in conferring drought tolerance in maize: the accumulation of osmolytes or antioxidants, plant growth regulators, stress proteins and water channel proteins, transcription factors and signal transduction pathways. Drought is one of the most detrimental forms of abiotic stress around the world and seriously limits the productivity of agricultural crops. Maize, one of the leading cereal crops in the world, is sensitive to drought stress. Maize harvests are affected by drought stress at different growth stages in different regions. Numerous events in the life of maize crops can be affected by drought stress: germination potential, seedling growth, seedling stand establishment, overall growth and development, pollen and silk development, anthesis silking interval, pollination, and embryo, endosperm and kernel development. Though every maize genotype has the ability to avoid or withstand drought stress, there is a concrete need to improve the level of adaptability to drought stress to address the global issue of food security. The most common biological strategies for improving drought stress resistance include screening available maize germplasm for drought tolerance, conventional breeding strategies, and marker-assisted and genomic-assisted breeding and development of transgenic maize. As a comprehensive understanding of the effects of drought stress, adaptive strategies and potential breeding tools is the prerequisite for any sound breeding plan, this brief addresses these aspects.
Download or read book The Maize Genome written by Jeffrey Bennetzen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-24 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses advances in our understanding of the structure and function of the maize genome since publication of the original B73 reference genome in 2009, and the progress in translating this knowledge into basic biology and trait improvement. Maize is an extremely important crop, providing a large proportion of the world’s human caloric intake and animal feed, and serving as a model species for basic and applied research. The exceptionally high level of genetic diversity within maize presents opportunities and challenges in all aspects of maize genetics, from sequencing and genotyping to linking genotypes to phenotypes. Topics covered in this timely book range from (i) genome sequencing and genotyping techniques, (ii) genome features such as centromeres and epigenetic regulation, (iii) tools and resources available for trait genomics, to (iv) applications of allele mining and genomics-assisted breeding. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and students interested in maize genetics and genomics.
Download or read book High Throughput Crop Phenotyping written by Jianfeng Zhou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-17 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the innovations in crop phenotyping using emerging technologies, i.e., high-throughput crop phenotyping technology, including its concept, importance, breakthrough and applications in different crops and environments. Emerging technologies in sensing, machine vision and high-performance computing are changing the world beyond our imagination. They are also becoming the most powerful driver of the innovation in agriculture technology, including crop breeding, genetics and management. It includes the state of the art of technologies in high-throughput phenotyping, including advanced sensors, automation systems, ground-based or aerial robotic systems. It also discusses the emerging technologies of big data processing and analytics, such as advanced machine learning and deep learning technologies based on high-performance computing infrastructure. The applications cover different organ levels (root, shoot and seed) of different crops (grains, soybean, maize, potato) at different growth environments (open field and controlled environments). With the contribution of more than 20 world-leading researchers in high-throughput crop phenotyping, the authors hope this book provides readers the needed information to understand the concept, gain the insides and create the innovation of high-throughput phenotyping technology.
Download or read book Physiological Breeding written by Alistair Pask and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 2012 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index to American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Vegetation written by Hamlyn G Jones and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible yet rigorous introduction to remote sensing and its application to the study of vegetation for advanced undergraduate and graduate students. The underlying physical and mathematical principles of the techniques disucussed are explained in a way readily understood by those without a strong mathematical background.
Download or read book Handbook of Maize Its Biology written by Jeff L. Bennetzen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-25 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Maize: Its Biology centers on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The book includes brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and features a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.
Download or read book Genetically Engineered Crops written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Download or read book Agroclimatology written by Jerry L. Hatfield and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can we unlock resilience to climate stress by better understanding linkages between the environment and biological systems? Agroclimatology allows us to explore how different processes determine plant response to climate and how climate drives the distribution of crops and their productivity. Editors Jerry L. Hatfield, Mannava V.K. Sivakumar, and John H. Prueger have taken a comprehensive view of agroclimatology to assist and challenge researchers in this important area of study. Major themes include: principles of energy exchange and climatology, understanding climate change and agriculture, linkages of specific biological systems to climatology, the context of pests and diseases, methods of agroclimatology, and the application of agroclimatic principles to problem-solving in agriculture.
Download or read book Advances in Wheat Genetics From Genome to Field written by Yasunari Ogihara and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-15 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings is a collection of 46 selected papers that were presented at the 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium (IWGS). Since the launch of the wheat genome sequencing project in 2005, the arrival of draft genome sequences has marked a new era in wheat genetics and genomics, catalyzing rapid advancement in the field. This book provides a comprehensive review of the forefront of wheat research, across various important topics such as germplasm and genetic diversity, cytogenetics and allopolyploid evolution, genome sequencing, structural and functional genomics, gene function and molecular biology, biotic stress, abiotic stress, grain quality, and classical and molecular breeding. Following an introduction, 9 parts of the book are dedicated to each of these topics. A final, 11th part entitled “Toward Sustainable Wheat Production” contains 7 excellent papers that were presented in the 12th IWGS Special Session supported by the OECD. With rapid population growth and radical climate changes, the world faces a global food crisis and is in need of another Green Revolution to boost yields of wheat and other widely grown staple crops. Although this book focuses on wheat, many of the newly developed techniques and results presented here can be applied to other plant species with large and complex genomes. As such, this volume is highly recommended for all students and researchers in wheat sciences and related plant sciences and for those who are interested in stable food production and food security.
