Download or read book Evaluation of Gas Reburning and Low NOx Burners on a Wall Fired Boiler a DOE Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results from the GR-LNB technology demonstrated by EER at Cherokee Station approached, but did not meet, the CCT project's performance objectives. Acceptable unit operability was achieved with both the GR and the LNB components. The gas reburning component of the process appears to be broadly applicable for retrofit NO(subscript x) control to most utility boilers and, in particular, to wet-bottom cyclone boilers, which are high NO(subscript x) emitters and are difficult to control (LNB technology is not applicable to cyclone boilers). GR-LNB can reduce NO(subscript x) to mandated emissions levels under Title IV of the CAAA without significant, adverse boiler impacts. The GR-LNB process may be applicable to boilers significantly larger than the demonstration unit, provided there is adequate dispersion and mixing of injected natural gas. Major results of the demonstration project are summarized as follows: NO(subscript x)-emissions reductions averaging 64% were achieved with 12.5% gas heat input in long-term tests on a 158-MWe (net) wall-fired unit. The target reduction level of 70% was achieved only on a short-term basis with higher gas consumption. The thermal performance of coal-fired boilers is not significantly affected by GR-LNB. Convective section steam temperatures can be controlled within acceptable limits. Thermal efficiency is decreased by a small amount (about 0.8%), because of increased dry gas loss and higher moisture in the flue gas as a result of the GR process. Furnace slagging and convective section fouling can be adequately controlled. Because of the higher hydrogen/carbon (H/C) ratio of natural gas compared with coal, use of the GR process results in a modest reduction in CO2 emissions. SO2 and particulate emissions are reduced in direct proportion to the fraction of heat supplied by natural gas.
Download or read book Evaluation of Gas Reburning Low NOx Burners on a Wall Fired BoilerPerformance and Economics Report Gas Reburning Low NOx Burner System Cherokee Station Unit 3 Public Service Company of Colorado written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Coal Technology Program (Round 3), aproject was completed to demonstrate control of boiler NOX emissions and to a lesserdegree, due to coal replacement, SO2 emissions. The project involved combining GasReburning with Low NOX Burners (GR-LNB) on a coal-fired electric utility boiler todetermine if high levels of NOX reduction (70%) could be achieved. Sponsors of the projectincluded the U.S. Department of Energy, the Gas Research Institute, Public ServiceCompany of Colorado, Colorado Interstate Gas, Electric Power Research Institute, and theEnergy and Environmental Research Corporation. The GR-LNB demonstration wasperformed on Public Service Company of Colorado's (PSCO) Cherokee Unit#3, locatedin Denver, Colorado. This unit is a 172 MW wall-fired boiler that uses ColoradoBituminous, low-sulfur coal. It had a baseline NOX emission level of 0.73 lb/106 Btu usingconventional burners. Low NOX burners are designed to yield lower NOX emissions than conventional burners. However, the NOX control achieved with this technique is limited to 30-50%. Also, withLNBs, CO emissions can increase to above acceptable standards. Gas Reburning (GR)is designed to reduce NOX in the flue gas by staged fuel combustion. This technologyinvolves the introduction of natural gas into the hot furnace flue gas stream. When combined, GR and LNBs minimize NOX emissions and maintain acceptable levels of COemissions. A comprehensive test program was completed, operating over a wide rangeof boiler conditions. Over 4,000 hours of operation were achieved, providing substantialdata. Measurements were taken to quantify reductions in NOX emissions, the impact onboiler equipment and operability and factors influencing costs. The GR-LNB technologyachieved good NOX emission reductions and the goals of the project were achieved. Although the performance of the low NOX burners (supplied by others) was less thanexpected, a NOX reduction of 65% was achieved at an average gas heat input of 18Y0. Theperformance goal of 70% reduction was met on many test runs, but at a higher reburn gasheat input. S02 emissions, based on coal replacement, were reduced by 18Y0. Theperformance goal of 70% reduction was met on many test runs, but at a higher reburn gasheat input. S02 emissions, based on coal replacement, were reduced by 18Y0. Toward the end of the program, a Second Generation gas injection system was installed. Higher injector gas pressures were used that eliminated the need for flue gas recirculationas used in the first generation design. The Second Generation GR resulted in similar NOXreduction performance as that for the First Generation. With an improvement in the LNBperformance in combination with the new gas injection system, the reburn gas could bereduced to 12.5% of the total boiler heat input to achieve al 64?40 reduction in NO, emissions. In addition, the OFA injectors were modified to provide for better mixing tolower CO emissions.
Download or read book Evaluation of Gas Reburning Low NOx Burners on a Wall Fired Boiler Performance and Economics Report Gas Reburning Low NOx Burner System Cherokee Station Unit 3 Public Service Company of Colorado written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Coal Technology Program (Round 3), a project was completed to demonstrate control of boiler NOX emissions and to a lesser degree, due to coal replacement, SO2 emissions. The project involved combining Gas Reburning with Low NOX Burners (GR-LNB) on a coal-fired electric utility boiler to determine if high levels of NOX reduction (70%) could be achieved. Sponsors of the project included the U.S. Department of Energy, the Gas Research Institute, Public Service Company of Colorado, Colorado Interstate Gas, Electric Power Research Institute, and the Energy and Environmental Research Corporation. The GR-LNB demonstration was performed on Public Service Company of Colorado's (PSCO) Cherokee Unit #3, located in Denver, Colorado. This unit is a 172 MW~ wall-fired boiler that uses Colorado Bituminous, low-sulfur coal. It had a baseline NOX emission level of 0.73 lb/106 Btu using conventional burners. Low NOX burners are designed to yield lower NOX emissions than conventional burners. However, the NOX control achieved with this technique is limited to 30-50%. Also, with LNBs, CO emissions can increase to above acceptable standards. Gas Reburning (GR) is designed to reduce NOX in the flue gas by staged fuel combustion. This technology involves the introduction of natural gas into the hot furnace flue gas stream. When combined, GR and LNBs minimize NOX emissions and maintain acceptable levels of CO emissions. A comprehensive test program was completed, operating over a wide range of boiler conditions. Over 4,000 hours of operation were achieved, providing substantial data. Measurements were taken to quantify reductions in NOX emissions, the impact on boiler equipment and operability and factors influencing costs. The GR-LNB technology achieved good NOX emission reductions and the goals of the project were achieved. Although the performance of the low NOX burners (supplied by others) was less than expected, a NOX reduction of 65% was achieved at an average gas heat input of 18Y0. The performance goal of 70% reduction was met on many test runs, but at a higher reburn gas heat input. S02 emissions, based on coal replacement, were reduced by 18Y0. The performance goal of 70% reduction was met on many test runs, but at a higher reburn gas heat input. S02 emissions, based on coal replacement, were reduced by 18Y0. Toward the end of the program, a Second Generation gas injection system was installed. Higher injector gas pressures were used that eliminated the need for flue gas recirculation as used in the first generation design. The Second Generation GR resulted in similar NOX reduction performance as that for the First Generation. With an improvement in the LNB performance in combination with the new gas injection system, the reburn gas could be reduced to 12.5% of the total boiler heat input to achieve al 64?40 reduction in NO, emissions. In addition, the OFA injectors were modified to provide for better mixing to lower CO emissions.
Download or read book Reduction of NO X and SO 2 Using Gas Reburning Sorbent Injection and Integrated Technlogies written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Gas Reburning and Low NO subscript X Burners on a Wall fired Boiler written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An evaluation of Gas Reburning (GR) and Low NO(subscript x), Burners (LNB) has been completed at Public Service Company of Colorado's Cherokee Station Unit 3. The goal of the demonstration, which was carried out in a US DOE Clean Coal Technology Round 3 Program, was to reduce NO(subscript x) emissions by 70%. The reduction was to be achieved from the pre-project level, prior to LNB retrofit. The GR system was supplied by Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (EER) and the LNBs were supplied by the Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation. The project was carried out in three phases in which EER designed the GR system and obtained necessary permits (Phase 1), constructed the system and completed start-up tasks (Phase 2), and evaluated its performance with both Optimization Tests and a Long-Term Demonstration (Phase 3). As directed by the cooperative agreement, environmental monitoring was conducted in each phase. Measurements were taken by plant personnel and an EER Field Testing Team and were divided into two types. ''Compliance Monitoring'' was conducted by plant personnel to satisfy requirements of regulatory agencies, while ''Supplemental Monitoring'' was conducted by EER personnel to develop a database of environmental impacts of the technology and to ensure environmental acceptability of the project. This document presents environmental monitoring data obtained during the Long-Term Testing period, April 27, 1993 to January 27, 1995. During this period, ten months of testing of the GR-LNB system was followed by a modification into a ''second-generation'' GR-LNB system, which was evaluated for six months. Compliance Monitoring was conducted primarily in two areas, air emissions and aqueous discharges.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Gas reburning and Low NO sub X Burners on a Wall Fired Boiler written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clean Coal Technology (CCT) implies the use of coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. Coal combustion results in the emission of oxides of nitrogen (NO[sub x]), which are precursors of both acid rainand ozone formation. The primary objective of this CCT project is to evaluate the use of Gas Reburning and Low NO[sub x] Burners (GR-LNB) for NO[sub x] emission control from a wall fired boiler. It is anticipated that, if the demonstration is successful, the GR-LNB technology could become commercialized during the 1990's and will be capable of (1) achieving significant reduction in the emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide (another acid rain precursor) from existing facilities to minimize environmental impacts such as transboundary and interstate pollution and/or (2) providing for future energy needs in an environmentally acceptable manner. Low NO[sub x] burners are designed to delay the mixing of the coal fuel with combustion air to minimize the NO[sub x] formation. Typically, one may obtain up to 50% reduction in NO[sub x] emissions through the use of LNB. For LNB applications, the technology is developed and a number of LNB designs are commercially available. With GR, about 80--85 percent of the coal fuel is fired in the main combustion zone. The balance of the fuel is added downstream as natural gas to create a slightly fuel rich environment in which NO[sub x], is converted to N[sub 2]. The combustion process is completed by over-fire air addition. SO[sub x] emissions are reduced to the extent that natural gas replaces sulfur-containing coal. The level of NO[sub x] reduction achievable with 15--20% natural gas is on the order of 50--60 %. Thus the emission reduction target of the combination of these two developed technologies is about 75%.
Download or read book Assessment of DOE s Clean Coal Technology Solicitation written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Development and Applications and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 8th AIAA ASME Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Download or read book Clean Coal Technology Demonstration Program written by Gene H. Knight and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001-08 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Coal Technology Demonstration (CCT Program), a model of government & industry cooperation, advances the Dept. of Energy's (DoE) mission to foster a secure & reliable energy system that is environmentally & economically sustainable. This report discusses the Fiscal Year 2000 CCT Program. Sections include: role of the CCT Program; program implementation; funding & costs; CCT Program accomplishments; CCT projects; historical perspective & legislative history; program history; environmental aspects; CCT project contacts; acronyms, abbreviations & symbols; & index of CCT projects & participants.
Download or read book Reburning Technologies for the Control of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Coal Fired Burners written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acid Precipitation written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Policy Implications of the Clear Air Act Amendments of 1989 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reburning Technologies for the Control of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Coal Fired Boilers written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
