Download or read book Evaluation of Forage Energetics and Implications to Pasture Based Dairy Cattle in the Northeastern United States written by Miriam Allison Snider and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The organic, grassfed (OGF) dairy sector has been growing for the past 10 yr with expansion rapidly outpacing other dairy sectors. Unique management approaches are needed for OGF systems, but research to support said approaches is lacking. The objectives of this dissertation were to 1) survey OGF dairy producers to better understand producer knowledge and practices, as well as identify areas of needed research to support this farmer population, 2) determine in vitro rumen performance of energetic supplements commonly utilized on OGF dairy farms in the Northeastern (NE) United States (U.S.), and 3) identify and evaluate forage combinations using in vitro continuous culture fermentation, focused on rumen energetic status and environmental output. While Chapter 1 reviews the published literature relevant to OGF dairy systems with a focus on their nutritional management, Chapter 2 utilized a survey questionnaire that was mailed to 351 OGF dairy farms throughout the U.S. with a 46.8% response rate. This survey confirmed the need for further forage-related research, as producers indicated that agricultural-related challenges, such as forage quality and milk production, were the largest limitations to farm success followed by economic factors. In Chapter 3, we evaluated rumen fermentation metrics of red clover + orchardgrass harvested at first and second cuttings, and further investigated the impacts of dietary apple cider vinegar (ACV) supplementation in combination with first cut forages on fermentation metrics using two in vitro batch culture experiments (Objective 2). In Experiment 1, tubes were supplemented with either 1) 50% red clover + 50% orchardgrass harvested at first cut (CUT 1) or 2) 50% red clover + 50% orchardgrass harvested at second cut (CUT 2). In Experiment 2, tubes received either 1) CUT 1 substrate only or 2) CUT 1 substrate + ACV. Tubes receiving CUT 1 produced more methane (CH4) and had higher DM (dry matter) disappearance and mean pH compared with those receiving CUT 2. Fermentation metrics of CUT 1 tubes were not affected by ACV. Ultimately, this trial confirmed that forage cut, and chemical profile, is a more impactful variable driving rumen function. Objective 3 of this dissertation was addressed in Chapters 4 and 5 in which fermentation metrics of mixed forage diets were compared using dual-flow continuous culture fermenters. Chapter 4 focused on forage diversity using cool-season forages. Four diets were mixed (on a DM-basis) to include 40% red clover plus: 1) 60% orchardgrass (OG); 2) 30% orchardgrass + 30% meadow fescue (MF); 3) 20% orchardgrass + 20% meadow fescue + 20% Kentucky bluegrass (KYBG); or 4) 15% orchardgrass + 15% meadow fescue + 15% Kentucky bluegrass + 15% perennial ryegrass (PRG). Diets including 20% Kentucky bluegrass were more digestible but produced higher amounts of CH4. Other forages, such as perennial ryegrass and meadow fescue, may be just as nutritionally beneficial as Kentucky bluegrass with the additional advantage of decreased CH4 emissions. Chapter 5 focused on warm-season annual (WSA) inclusion, complemented by a simple cost analysis. Dietary treatments (on a DM-basis) included 1) 50% orchardgrass + 50% alfalfa (OG-ALF); 2) 25% orchardgrass + 25% alfalfa + 50% red clover (RC); 3) 25% orchardgrass + 25% alfalfa + 50% pearl millet (MIL); and 4) 25% orchardgrass + 25% alfalfa + 50% sorghum x sudangrass (SUD). Diets with WSA showed marked decreases in CH4 output but were similar in digestibility to other diets.
Download or read book Annual Report of Forage Research in the Northeastern United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forages Volume 2 written by Kenneth J. Moore and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-06-03 with total page 963 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forages: The Science of Grassland Agriculture, 7th Edition, Volume II will extensively evaluate the current knowledge and information on forage agriculture. Chapters written by leading researchers and authorities in grassland agriculture are aggregated under section themes, each one representing a major topic within grassland science and agriculture. This 7th edition will include two new additional chapters covering all aspects of forage physiology in three separate chapters, instead of one in previous editions. Chapters will be updated throughout to include new information that has developed since the last edition. This new edition of the classic reference serves as a comprehensive supplement to An Introduction to Grassland Agriculture, Volume I.
Download or read book Annual Report of Forage Research in the Northeastern United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of the Effects of Four Forage Mixtures Designed for Tennessee and Kentucky Organic Dairy Systems written by Hannah Ruth Bailey and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantity and quality of pastures are significantly impacted by irregular weather patterns in the Southeastern US. Predominate forage types observed in Kentucky and Tennessee are cool season (CS) species which grow best in atmospheric temperatures ranging from 8-24°C. However, in this area, temperatures can reach above 32°C during the summer months. With average temperatures higher than required for CS species, growth and quality decline during the summer. Therefore, an increase in summer forage performance would benefit pasture-based organic dairies to help sustain milk production. Warm season (WS) forages flourish in atmospheric temperatures from 25 to 35°C, which reflect summer temperatures observed in the Southeast. This led to our first hypothesis that incorporation of WS forages would increase forage yield and quality in summer. To test this, four forage mixtures were designed with one mixture containing only CS species, while the remaining three contained CS and WS species: Mixtures contained a combination CS legumes and grasses, WS legumes and grasses, and/or brassicas. Compared with the CS mixture, mixtures containing WS species did not increase yields of DM in summer. Yields of legume were significantly greater in the CS mixture, with this mixture also maintaining the highest quality. First-year results indicated that the inclusion of WS forages might not increase pasture quality and yield and CS forages may be best for pasture-based organic dairy farms in Tennessee and Kentucky. The second hypothesis of this work was that the forage mixtures used to test the first hypothesis would affect predictions of milk production. Using observed forage yield and quality from the previous hypothesis, a whole-farm model (FARMAX, New Zealand) predicted milk production of pasture-based dairy farm systems. Inputted forage content of crude protein and energy was the highest for the CS mixture throughout the simulated grazing season and these levels affected predictions of milk and milk component yields. Therefore, the CS mixture predicted the highest average milk and milk component yields. With results from conditions experienced in this study, incorporation of WS forages with CS forages did not help promote increased forage yield and quality, or average milk production during the summer season.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-03-25 with total page 4072 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dairy Science, Four Volume Set includes the study of milk and milk-derived food products, examining the biological, chemical, physical, and microbiological aspects of milk itself as well as the technological (processing) aspects of the transformation of milk into its various consumer products, including beverages, fermented products, concentrated and dried products, butter and ice cream. This new edition includes information on the possible impact of genetic modification of dairy animals, safety concerns of raw milk and raw milk products, peptides in milk, dairy-based allergies, packaging and shelf-life and other topics of importance and interest to those in dairy research and industry. Fully reviewed, revised and updated with the latest developments in Dairy Science Full color inserts in each volume illustrate key concepts Extended index for easily locating information
Download or read book Guide to Pasture Condition Scoring written by Dennis Cosgrove and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thirty Eighth Annual Report of Forage Research in the Northeastern United States 1974 written by Regional Pasture Research Laboratory and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Thirty-Eighth Annual Report of Forage Research in the Northeastern United States, 1974: A Joint Contribution of the U. S. Regional Pasture Research Laboratory and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of the Twelve Northeastern States A Technical Steering Committee was established during 1974 for the development of a Forage Research Program for the Northeast. Present activities of the Steering Committee include the assessment of current research efforts in the region and identification of specific research able problems and goals. Considerable progress is anticipated during the next year in the development of a plan of action for implementing research needs in the future. The significance and importance of the contributions of individual scientists in this effort cannot be overemphasized. Your comments and suggestions on how this Annual Report might be made more accurate and relevant in the future would be appreciated. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book Grassland written by Walter F. Wedin and published by ASA-CSSA-SSSA. This book was released on 2009 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grassland: Quietness and Strength for a New American Agriculture takes on the task of increasing our awareness of the vital role grass and grassland plants have in ensuring a sustainable future for America. Geared toward agriculturists, students, the public, and policymakers, Grassland aims to inspire and provide the reader the foundation needed to move into the future. Three main sections * track the history of grassland farming, highlighting the voices of grassland advocates * examine the current roles that grassland plays throughout the United States * look at the benefits grass-based agriculture can provide when grass is treated as an essential resource As Wendell Berry so eloquently argues in the foreword to Grassland, True farmers have minds that are complex and responsible...They understand and honor their debts to nature. They understand and honor their obligations to neighbors and consumers...In the time that is coming, we are going to need many more such farmers than we have, and we will need them much sooner than we can expect to get them.We will get them only to the extent that young people come along who are willing to fit their farming to the nature of their farms and their home landscapes, and who recognize the paramount importance of grass and grazing animals to good farming everywhere. This book will help that happen.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Large Dairy Herd Management written by H. H. Van Horn and published by American Dairy Science Association. This book was released on 1992 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecology written by and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publishes essays and articles that report and interpret the results of original scientific research in basic and applied ecology.
Download or read book Energy and Nitrogen Utilization in Dairy Cattle written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three experiments were conducted to evaluate possible mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane (CH4) and manure nitrogen (N) emissions from lactating dairy cows. The first experiment evaluated dietary effects of varying alfalfa silage to corn silage ratio (AS:CS) in the forage portion of the diet on performance and emissions using air-flow controlled chambers with four cows per chamber. Cow performance was similar among treatments but milk net energy for lactation (NEL, Mcal/d) was greatest when feeding about half AS and CS in the forage portion of the diet. Similar, emissions of CH4 and ammonia (NH3) were greatest when feeding about half AS and CS in the forage portion of the diet. However, CH4 per milk energy was similar among treatments but manure and manure N output increased with increasing AS:CS ratio in the forage portion of the diet. Thus, feeding reduced AS:CS in the forage portion may reduce N emissions of dairy cattle. The second experiment evaluated the use of air-flow controlled chambers with only one animal and variation between cows with contrasting gross feed efficiency (GFE, milk kg/kg dry matter intake, DMI) on emissions. Results implied that emission chambers could be used to measure emissions of one animal only and despite no difference in CH4 (g/d) and CH4/DMI (g/kg) between high and low GFE cows, lower CH4/NEL (g/Mcal) and g CH4/NELGM [NEL + NE for gain (NEG) + NE for maintenance (NEM), Mcal/d] combined were for high GFE compared to low GFE cows indicated possible differences in digestion process or energy metabolism between high and low GFE cows. However, the experiment was only conducted using 4 cows. Thus, the third experiment was conducted with 16 cows to confirm results from the second experiment but also to determine differences in energy partitioning, which may have led to the results observed during the second experiment. Results indicated that high GFE cows were also more energy efficient because of lower heat production, which caused more emissions per NEL and per NELGM. However, from this study there was no single reason that could be determined to have led to the greater heat production.
Download or read book Agricultural Research in the Northeastern United States written by American Society of Agronomy. Northeastern Branch. Symposium and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1987-10 with total page 1238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
