Download or read book Evaluation of Different Methods for Detection and Enumeration of Indicator Organisms in Water Bodies of Northern New Jersey written by Alexandra Peri and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Rapid Methods for the Detection of Indicator Organisms in Drinking Water written by Bettina Genthe and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Practical Methods to Assess the Presence of Bacterial Pathogens in Water written by W. A. Yanko and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project was to develop and evaluate a practical technique to indicate the probability of the presence of bacterial pathogens in receiving waters. A practical method was defined as one that would limit the use of defined culture-based microbiological methods, and would be based on: (1) validating indicator organisms that predicted the presence of pathogens, or (2) detection of pathogens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays. The study also assessed the utility of PCR-based technology for bacterial pathogen detection with respect to technology transfer to a wider range of water and wastewater facilities.
Download or read book Environmental Protection Research Catalog Indexes written by Smithsonian Science Information Exchange and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-06-19 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent and forecasted advances in microbiology, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry have made it timely to reassess the current paradigm of relying predominantly or exclusively on traditional bacterial indicators for all types of waterborne pathogens. Nonetheless, indicator approaches will still be required for the foreseeable future because it is not practical or feasible to monitor for the complete spectrum of microorganisms that may occur in water, and many known pathogens are difficult to detect directly and reliably in water samples. This comprehensive report recommends the development and use of a "tool box" approach by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and others for assessing microbial water quality in which available indicator organisms (and/or pathogens in some cases) and detection method(s) are matched to the requirements of a particular application. The report further recommends the use of a phased, three-level monitoring framework to support the selection of indicators and indicator approaches.Â
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Source Specific Indicator Organisms for Drinking Water written by Sharon C. Long and published by Amer Water Works Assn. This book was released on 2002 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report investigates bacteriologically-based testing methods using the indicators sorbitol-fermenting Bifidobacteria and Rhodococcus coprophilus, and whether these alternative indicator organisms can be used to detect human and grazing animal fecal contamination in drinking water sources. The methods are compared against the F+RNA coliphage serotyping method and E. coli typing using tributary and reservoir sample. The report presents the results of analyzing influent sewage from seven wastewater facilities for the presence of Bifidobacteria, and testing 62 animal fecal samples from farms and fairs for the presence of R. coprophilus. The volume is not indexed. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clearing Up Murky Waters written by Vincent Ming-Dao Yau and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many infectious bacterial and viral agents exist in the world and are located in areas where humans may come into contact with them. Food, water, and environmental locations may be contaminated with infectious material, and detecting the presence of these harmful biologic agents is of import to public health agencies. One method that has been used to determine if infectious agents may be present in food or water is measurement of "indicator" bacteria or viruses. Indicator organisms are easily measured bacteria or viruses whose presence in water or food is thought to parallel the potential presence of infectious agents in the same food or water samples. Because there are so many potential bacteria (or viruses) that may infect a sample, it is impractical to test for all of them; rather, measurement of a single indicator organism may be more feasible. Indicator bacteria have been used to determine if marine waters at beaches across the United States are safe for swimming. Guidelines issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) have focused on determining when recreational waters may pose a risk of excess gastrointestinal illness among swimmers when compared to non-swimmers. However, marine environments are very complex, and tidal patterns, solar inactivation, water temperature, and many other factors all can influence the presence or absence of indicator and infectious microorganisms in the water. Research has indicated that indicator organisms may be useful in predicting gastrointestinal illness in marine environments, but other health outcomes have been less studied. In order to verify that indicator organisms do track well with infectious organisms, a systematic review and meta analysis was conducted to determine if indicator organisms can predict a different health outcome, skin infection. Once the link between indicator organisms and health outcomes was established, the next goal was to explore different methods to strengthen the relationship between indicator organisms and health. Currently, the U.S. EPA advises that a single bacterial indicator, Enterococcus, be measured in marine waters. A binary cutoff of above or below 104 colony forming units per 100 mL is used to advise whether a beach is unsafe or safe for swimming. In order to improve prediction of illness at beaches using indicator organisms, several methods were considered. Flexible statistical modeling techniques, such as SuperLearning, were used, as well as consideration of multiple biological and physical indicators at the same time. The final aim was to examine the potential sources of the infectious agents, as well as the indicator bacteria, at Avalon beach in Southern California. The results of this investigation suggest that indicator bacteria can be quite useful in predicting human illness, but perform better under certain conditions. The systematic review and meta-analysis showed that there was a strong relationship between certain indicator organisms and skin infections in marine water settings. Higher concentrations of total coliform, fecal coliform, E. coli, Enterococcus, and fecal Streptococci were associated with increased risk of skin related illness in marine waters. These findings support the biological plausibility of using indicator organisms to predict illness, even in a complicated, dynamic environment such as a marine beach. The second investigation found that application of the U.S. EPA guidelines at Avalon Beach did not accurately predict when waters were unsafe for swimming. However, use of flexible statistical methods (SuperLearner) greatly improved prediction of gastrointestinal illness over traditional modeling methods, such as logistic regression. Further improvements were seen when, instead of using a single indicator organism, combinations of biological and physical indicators were used. By combining physical and biological indicators, it was possible to identify circumstances when elevated concentrations of Enterococcus predicted excess gastrointestinal illness in swimmers. When solar radiation levels were low, indicator bacteria concentrations were more strongly associated with adverse health outcomes, whereas higher solar radiation levels were protective. This finding is biologically plausible because it is thought that solar radiation can directly damage indicator bacteria as well as pathogens and render them non-viable. Thus, under high solar radiation conditions, indicator organisms as well as infectious organisms would be inactivated. The final analysis examined groundwater flow as a potential risk to swimmers at Avalon beach. Because of a leaking sewage infrastructure at Avalon, it is thought that groundwater flux might be transporting raw sewage contents into the ocean water. Sewage is known to carry potentially high levels of pathogenic organisms, and thus groundwater flow levels might pose a direct threat to swimmers. When groundwater flow was higher, the incidence of gastrointestinal illness was elevated among swimmers who swallowed water, relative to swimmers who swallowed water on days when groundwater flow was lower. Additionally, the relationship between groundwater flow and solar radiation was similar to that seen with Enterococcus and solar radiation. When solar radiation levels were high, groundwater flow was less predictive of excess gastrointestinal illness, as would be expected. When traditional analysis methods were used to relate traditional and rapid indicators to illness, relationships were much stronger when groundwater flow was high versus when groundwater flow levels were lower. In conclusion, the results of these analyses suggest that indicator organisms can be used to predict health outcomes in recreational water settings, but that their performance may be greatly improved by using flexible modeling techniques as well as other indicators, such as solar radiation.
Download or read book Environmental Protection Research Catalog written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtration and Disinfection Requirements for Public Water Systems Using Surface Water Sources written by David J. Hiltebrand and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual suggests design operating and performance criteria for specific surface water quality conditions to provide the optimum protection from microbiological contaminants.
Download or read book Freshwater Algae written by Edward G. Bellinger and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freshwater Algae: Identification and Use as Bioindicators provides a comprehensive guide to temperate freshwater algae, with additional information on key species in relation to environmental characteristics and implications for aquatic management. The book uniquely combines practical material on techniques and water quality management with basic algal taxonomy and the role of algae as bioindicators. Freshwater Algae: Identification and Use as Bioindicators is divided into two parts. Part I describes techniques for the sampling, measuring and observation of algae and then looks at the role of algae as bioindicators and the implications for aquatic management. Part II provides the identification of major genera and 250 important species. Well illustrated with numerous original illustrations and photographs, this reference work is essential reading for all practitioners and researchers concerned with assessing and managing the aquatic environment.
Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking written by Jorge W. Santo Domingo and published by Emerging Issues in Food Safety. This book was released on 2007 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a state-of-the-art review of the current technology and applications being utilized to identify sources of fecal contamination in waterways. - Serves as a useful reference for researchers in the food industry, especially scientists investigating etiological agents responsible for food contamination. - Provides background information on MST methods and the assumptions and limitations associated with their use. - Covers a broad range of topics related to MST, including environmental monitoring, public health and national security, population biology, and microbial ecology. - Offers valuable insights into future research directions and technology developments.
Download or read book Management of Legionella in Water Systems written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-02-20 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legionnaires' disease, a pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium, is the leading cause of reported waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Legionella occur naturally in water from many different environmental sources, but grow rapidly in the warm, stagnant conditions that can be found in engineered water systems such as cooling towers, building plumbing, and hot tubs. Humans are primarily exposed to Legionella through inhalation of contaminated aerosols into the respiratory system. Legionnaires' disease can be fatal, with between 3 and 33 percent of Legionella infections leading to death, and studies show the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in the United States increased five-fold from 2000 to 2017. Management of Legionella in Water Systems reviews the state of science on Legionella contamination of water systems, specifically the ecology and diagnosis. This report explores the process of transmission via water systems, quantification, prevention and control, and policy and training issues that affect the incidence of Legionnaires' disease. It also analyzes existing knowledge gaps and recommends research priorities moving forward.
Download or read book Evaluation of the Microbiology Standards for Drinking Water written by Charles W. Hendricks and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sediment Classification Methods Compendium written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Sediment Oversight Technical Committee and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is a compendium of scientifically valid and accepted methods that can be used to assess sediment quality and predict ecological impacts...the intent here is to provide the most useful overall measures or predictors of ecological impacts currently in use rather than procedures that may have limited application outside of a particular regulatory framework... parag The information provided in the compendium on the relative strengths and weaknesses of the different assessment methods can provide assistance in selecting the appropriate methods.
Download or read book Nutrient Criteria Technical Guidance Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
