Download or read book Evaluation of Deer Warning Reflectors in Virginia written by Benjamin H. Cottrell and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A deer warning reflector consists of a red, double-sided reflector mounted on posts, similar to those used for roadside delineators along roadways. As vehicles approach and move through the road section, it is purported that the reflector reflects the beam from vehicular headlights across the highway in a moving pattern of low-intensity red light beams, which in turn gets deer's attention and deters them from entering the roadway. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the deer warning reflector system. The measure of effectiveness was the change in deer-vehicle collisions on highway segments with and without the reflectors. The number of deer carcasses picked up by crews of the Virginia Department of Transportation was the measure used for deer-vehicle collisions. The level of maintenance activity needed to keep the marking system effective was also monitored. Deer warning reflectors were installed at 10 sites in Virginia. Each reflector site had a control site that was typically adjacent to the reflector site. The sites were monitored for 6 to 28 months. There was no evidence to suggest that the deer warning reflectors were consistently effective across most sites based on trend and statistical analyses. An experimental section with deer warning reflectors on one side of the road yielded results similar to those for the standard arrangement with reflectors on both sides of the road and control sections. In order for the benefits of the reflectors to exceed their installation and maintenance costs, the reflectors would have to prevent at least 1.14 deer-vehicle collisions per mile per year.
Download or read book Terrestrial Mammal Conservation Global Evidence for the Effects of Interventions for Terrestrial Mammals Excluding Bats and Primates written by Nick A. Littlewood and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terrestrial Mammal Conservation provides a thorough summary of the available scientific evidence of what is known, or not known, about the effectiveness of all of the conservation actions for wild terrestrial mammals across the world (excluding bats and primates, which are covered in separate synopses). Actions are organized into categories based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature classifications of direct threats and conservation actions. Over the course of fifteen chapters, the authors consider interventions as wide ranging as creating uncultivated margins around fields, prescribed burning, setting hunting quotas and removing non-native mammals. This book is written in an accessible style and is designed to be an invaluable resource for anyone concerned with the practical conservation of terrestrial mammals. The authors consulted an international group of terrestrial mammal experts and conservationists to produce this synopsis. Funding was provided by the MAVA Foundation, Arcadia and National Geographic Big Cats Initiative. Terrestrial Mammal Conservation is the seventeenth publication in the Conservation Evidence Series, linked to the online resource www.ConservationEvidence.com. Conservation Evidence Synopses are designed to promote a more evidence-based approach to biodiversity conservation. Others in the series include Bat Conservation, Primate Conservation, Bird Conservation and Forest Conservation and more are in preparation. Expert assessment of the evidence summarised within synopses is provided online and within the annual publication What Works in Conservation.
Download or read book Integrating Transport Infrastructures with Living Landscapes written by Andreas Seiler and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-10-23 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Virginia State Documents written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Handbook of Road Safety Measures written by Rune Elvik and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2009-10-14 with total page 1137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains summaries of the knowledge regarding the effects of 128 road safety measures. This title covers various areas of road safety including: traffic control; vehicle inspection; driver training; publicity campaigns; police enforcement; and, general policy instruments. It also covers topics such as post-accident care, and speed cameras.
Download or read book Evaluation of Swareflex Wildlife Warning Reflectors written by David B. Woodham and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Swareflex wildlife warning reflectors were installed on a four-mile section of road near Denver. Two half-mile test sections were alternately covered and uncovered for a three-month period to see if any significant change in deer-vehicle accidents could be detected. No accidents occurred in the test sections during the evaluation period. The cover/uncover evaluation method proved too costly for the limited budget of this study. Photometric measurements of the reflectors have been made using vehicle headlights as the light source. The use of wildlife warning reflectors should be discontinued until more evidence is available on their effectiveness--especially on mule deer. A regional pooled-fund study should be started to investigate the effect of the reflectors on mule deer. This needs to be a large-scale effort to obtain results in a short period of time and to ensure validity.
Download or read book Wildlife vehicle Collision Reducation Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human wildlife Conflicts written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods to Reduce Traffic Crashes Involving Deer written by James H. Hedlund and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-04 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 1.5 million traffic crashes involving deer occur each year in the U.S. These crashes produce $1.1 billion in vehicle damage & 150 fatalities annually. Deer-related crashes are increasing as both deer populations & vehicular travel increase. Many methods have been used in attempts to reduce deer crashes, often with little scientific foundation & limited evaluation. This paper summarizes the methods & reviews the evidence of their effectiveness & the situations in which each may be useful. The only widely accepted method with evidence of effectiveness is well-designed & maintained fencing, with underpasses or overpasses as appropriate. Other methods using advanced technology require substantial additional research & evaluation.
Download or read book The Use of Highway Underpasses by Large Mammals in Virginia and Factors Influencing Their Effectiveness written by Bridget M. Donaldson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid increase in animal-vehicle collisions on U.S. roadways is a growing concern in terms of human safety, property damage and injury costs, and viability of wildlife populations. Wildlife crossing structures are gaining national recognition by transportation agencies as effective measures to reduce animal-vehicle collisions and connect wildlife habitats across transportation corridors. In Virginia, white-tailed deer and black bear pose the highest risk. This 1-year study was conducted to monitor various underpass structures in Virginia to determine the structural and location attributes that make a crossing successful in terms of use by large mammals. The underpasses, most of which were not specifically designed as wildlife crossings, consist of box culverts and bridges of varying sizes. Remote cameras installed at seven underpass sites in Virginia have recorded more than 2,700 wildlife photographs and documented 1,107 white-tailed deer crossings in the most heavily used structures. Underpasses with a minimum height of 12 ft were successful at facilitating deer passage. Such structures were also heavily used by a variety of wildlife species, including coyote, red fox, raccoon, groundhog, and opossum. Structures with drainages that mimic natural waterways can encourage use by a diversity of terrestrial, semi-aquatic, and aquatic species. This report provides guidance in choosing cost-effective underpass design and location features that are necessary to consider to increase motorist safety and habitat connectivity. The findings also demonstrate that if only a minimal number of deer-vehicle collisions is prevented by an effective underpass, the savings in property damage alone can outweigh the construction costs of the structure
Download or read book Evaluation of Wildlife Warning Systems and Other Countermeasures written by A. Reed Gibby and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wildlife Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 1198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Factors Opportunities to Improve Ohio s Transportation System written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ungulate Management in Europe written by Rory Putman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers a number of problems posed by ungulates and their management in Europe. Through a synthesis of the underlying biology and a comparison of the management techniques adopted in different countries, the book explores which management approaches seem effective - and in which circumstances. Experts in a number of different areas of applied wildlife biology review various management problems and alternative solutions, including the impact of large ungulates on agriculture, forestry and conservation habitats, the impact of disease and predation on ungulate populations and the involvement of ungulates in road traffic accidents and possible measures for mitigation. This book is directed at practising wildlife managers, those involved in research to improve methods of wildlife management, and policy-makers in local, regional and national administrations.
Download or read book Wildlife vehicle Collision and Crossing Mitigation Measures written by Marcel Pieter Huijser and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews 39 mitigation measures that reduce animal vehicle collisions and that provide habitat connectivity for wildlife across highways. The overview is restricted to mitigation measures aimed at large terrestrial mammals (deer size and larger). However, this report also includes information regarding how such measures may affect or benefit federally endangered or threatened species in Montana, regardless of their size. In addition to the detailed information for each mitigation measure, a summary table is provided that provides at a glance information on the costs and benefits of the individual mitigation measures for which such data were available. Furthermore, the report graphically illustrates which measures have the best monetary balance (the difference between benefits and costs) and which measures reduce animal vehicle collisions and associated costs best. Based on the results, the authors of this report identified wildlife fencing, with or without wildlife underpasses or a combination of wildlife underpasses and overpasses, and animal detection systems with wildlife fencing, as the most cost effective mitigation measures. Animal detection systems without wildlife fences or wildlife fences with a high density of wildlife overpasses are also cost effective, but more data on system effectiveness are needed before these systems are recommended for implementation rather than further study. The final section of the report provides suggestions on the implementation or study for each of the 39 mitigation measures.
Download or read book Accident Mitigation Guide for Congested Rural Two lane Highways written by Kay Fitzpatrick and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2000 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ethnozoology written by Romulo Romeu Nobrega Alves and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-10-23 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethnozoology: Animals In Our Lives represents the first book about this discipline, providing a discussion on key themes on human-animal interactions and their implications, along with recent major advances in research. Humans share the world with a bewildering variety of other animals, and have interacted with them in different ways. This variety of interactions (both past and present) is investigated through ethnozoology, which is a hybrid discipline structured with elements from both the natural and social sciences, as it seeks to understand how humans have perceived and interacted with faunal resources throughout history. In a broader context, ethnozoology, and its companion discipline, ethnobotany, form part of the larger body of the science of ethnobiology. In recent years, the importance of ethnozoological/ethnobiological studies has increasingly been recognized, unsurprisingly given the strong human influence on biodiversity. From the perspective of ethnozoology, the book addresses all aspects of human connection, animals and health, from its use in traditional medicine, to bioprospecting derivatives of fauna for pharmaceuticals, with expert contributions from leading researchers in the field. - Draws on editors' and contributors' extensive research, experience and studies covering ethnozoology and ethnobiology - Covers all aspects of human-animal interaction through the lens of this emerging discipline, with coverage of both domestic and wild animal topics - Presents topics of great interest to a variety of researchers including those in wildlife/conservation (biologists, ecologists, conservationists) and domestic-related disciplines (psychologists, sociologists)
