Download or read book Evaluation of Biomonitoring Systems for Assessment of Contaminated Water and Sediments at U S Army Installations Continuous Acute Toxicity Biomonitoring of Aberdeen Proving Ground Edgewood Area Old O Field Groundwater Treatment Facility Effluent written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Old 0-Field is a hazardous waste disposal site at the Aberdeen Proving Ground-Edgewood Area, Aberdeen, Maryland, which has contaminated the underlying groundwater. The contaminated groundwater is collected and treated at the Old 0-Field Groundwater Treatment Facility (GwTF) with subsequent discharge to the Gunpowder River. An in-line automated fish ventilatory biomonitoring system was installed at the GWTF to monitor the effluent for unexpected toxicity as it is discharged. A number of out of control events (stressed fish) occurred during the study (June 23, 1995 to March 31, 1996). The total number of days the system obtained out of control responses was 21.0 d. Explanations for the out of control responses were available for 20.6 d. No obvious explanations were apparent for 0.5 d. The out of control responses occurred from (1) changes in effluent water quality; (2) power failures; or (3) a proportional diluter failure. Changes in effluent water quality accounted for 89.2% of the total out of control responses with explanation. Loss of power and a diluter malfunction accounted for 5.9% and 4.9% of the out of control responses with explanation, respectively. Out of control responses with no explanation occurred 0.2% of the time or 0.5 d during the study. No acute toxicity attributable to the GWTF effluent quality occurred during the study.

Download or read book Evaluation of Biomonitoring Systems for Assessment of Contaminated Water and Sediments at U S Army Installations Aquatic Toxicity Evaluation of Selected Sites During High Surficial Aquifer Flow at J Field Aberdeen Proving Ground Edgewood Area written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The surficial aquifer in the vicinity a the toxic burning pits (TBP) at J-Field, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, is contaminated with a number of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. The steepest hydraulic gradient in the TBP area is to the southeast toward a marsh. Recharge of the aquifer appears to be greatest in the winter and least in the summer. Flow reversals may take place in the summer. Toxicity in the marsh has been previously detected by several studies. The current study was initiated to define potential toxicity to the marsh ecosystem that may occur as a result of changes in the seasonal flow pattern of the contaminated surficial aquifer discharge into the marsh under high and low aquifer flow conditions. The toxicity of the marsh surface waters, marsh surficial sediments, and a highly contaminated surficial aquifer well up-gradient from the TBP marsh under high aquifer flow conditions, were similar to those observed in previous studies. The current study did show, however, that all three media caused malformations in a frog assay which had not previously been reported. Chemical analyses showed that the chemicals of concern were within an order of magnitude or less of those previously reported.

Download or read book Evaluation of Biomonitoring Systems for Assessment of Contaminated Waters and Sediments at U S Army Installations written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ) Contaminated groundwater, which contained multiple heavy metals and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, from the Canal Creek aquifer (well CC-27B) of the U.S. Army Aberdeen Proving Ground-Edgewood Area, Aberdeen, Maryland, was evaluated for toxicity to aquatic organisms. Toxicity was detected at various groundwater concentrations by 6 of 8 biomonitoring systems. The lowest concentration of groundwater that caused no observable adverse effect (NOEC) at pH 4 was 10% ground water by volume in the following assays: 4-d green alga Selenastrum capricornutum) growth est; 7-d cladoceran (Ceriodapnia dubia) survival ana reproduction test; and 96-h frog (Xenopus laevis) embryo teratogenesis assay - Xenopus (FETAX). A NOEC of 18% groundwater volume occurred in 7-d fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) survival and growth tests. Buffered groundwater (pH 7) was less toxic and/or not toxic in 7-d fathead minnow tests and in FETAX assays. The 10% groundwater by volume NOECs for the green alga and cladoceran at pH 4 did not change when the organisms were exposed to buffered groundwater at pH 7. The Ames assay for mutagenicity was negative in all cases. Sporadic incidences of lesions were found in Japanese medaka(Oryzias latipes) at concentrations up to 25% groundwater by volume after 9 months of exposure. Fish growth was affected by 9 months of exposure; fish were smaller when grown in groundwater diluted with Wear Branch of Canal Creek water.

Download or read book Evaluation of Biomonitoring Systems for Assessment of Contaminated Waters and Sediments at U S Army Installations Fort Detrick Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent Biomonitoring Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quarterly biomonitoring tests were performed for one year on composite effluent samples taken-from the Ft. Detrick (Frederick, MD) wastewater treatment plant. The cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) acute 48-h LC50 tests were used to evaluate the toxicity of the effluent for two quarters. The cladoceran 7-d survival and reproduction test and the fathead minnow 7-d survival and growth tests were used for two quarters. The effluent was not toxic to the cladoceran or fathead minnow when tested in both acute and chronic bioassays. One priority pollutant analysis was conducted on a composite effluent sample. The analysis showed that four (Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn) of 12 heavy metal priority pollutants were present in the effluent. The concentrations of the four heavy metals, with the exception of lead for chronic exposure, were below the U.S. EPA numerical water quality criteria for acute and chronic toxicity of the metals to freshwater organisms. The freshwater chronic criteria value for lead is 3.2 ug/L; 6 ug/L were found in the effluent sample. Two volatile organics (bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane) were also detected. Both halomethanes were well below the U.S. EPA numerical water quality criteria for acute toxicity to freshwater organisms; no Biomonitoring, Bioassays, Priority pollutants, Acute toxicity, Chronic toxicity, Cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, Wastewater treatment plant, WWTP. criterion is available for chronic exposure to halomethanes. No semi-volatile organics, pesticides/PCBs or herbicides were detected.

Download or read book Evaluation of Several Biological Monitoring Techniques for Hazard Assessment of Potentially Contaminated Wastewater and Groundwater Volume 1 Aberdeen Proving Ground Edgewood Area Wastewater Treatment Plant written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An evaluation of several biological monitoring techniques for hazard assessment of potentially contaminated effluent was conducted at the Aberdeen Proving Ground-Edgewood Area Wastewater Treatment Plant (APG-EA WWTP), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, from January 1989 to December 13, 1989. An array of biomonitoring tests structured in a tiered hazard assessment framework was used in the evaluation of the effluent. Several levels of biological organization were included in the array of tests. Acute toxicity was evaluated on 24-h composite samples using a 15-min Microtox R assay which employs microbial (Photobacterium phosphoreum) bioluminescent activity. Two 24-h LC50 rotifer (Brachionus rubens) toxicity tests were conducted using 24-h composite samples The following chronic tests were all performed two times using 24-h composite samples: 96-h EC50 algal (Selenastrum capricornutum) growth test, 7-d daphnid (Ceriodaphnia dubia) survival and reproduction test, and 7-d fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) survival and growth test. Generally, the acute rotifer tests and all chronic tests were conducted during the same periods in order to compare toxicological responses between biomonitoring systems ... Wastewater, Aquatic, Acute toxicity, Chronic toxicity, Mutagenicity, Ames, Teratogenicity, FETAX, Carcinogenicity, Ventilatory biomonitoring system, Microtox R, Photobacterium.

Download or read book Evaluation of Several Biological Monitoring Techniques for Hazard Assessment of Potentially Contaminated Wastewater and Groundwater Volume 2 Aberdeen Proving Ground Wastewater Treatment Plant written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An evaluation of several biological monitoring techniques for hazard assessment of potentially contaminated effluent was conducted at the Aberdeen Proving Ground Wastewater Treatment Plant (APG-WWTP), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, from early May 1990 to February 13, 1991. An array of biomonitoring tests structured in a tiered hazard assessment framework was used in the evaluation of the effluent. Several levels of biological organization were included in the array of tests. Acute toxicity was evaluated on daily 24-h composite samples using a 5- and 15-min Microtox assay which employs microbial (Photobacterium phosphoreum) bioluminescent activity. Three 24-h LC50 rotifer (Brachionus rubens) toxicity tests were conducted using 24-h composite samples. The following chronic tests were all performed three times using 24-h composite samples: 96-h EC50 algal (Selenastrum capricornutum) growth test, 7-d daphnid (Ceriodaphnia dubia) survival and reproduction test, and 7-d fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) survival and growth test. The acute rotifer tests and all chronic tests were conducted during the same periods in order to compare toxicological responses between biomonitoring systems ... Wastewater, Aquatic, Acute toxicity, Chronic toxicity, Mutagenicity, Ames, Teratogencity, FETAX, Carcinogenicity, Ventilatory biomonitoring system, Microtox, Photobacterium.

Download or read book Application of an Automated Fish Biomonitoring System at Old O Field for Continuous Acute Toxicity Effluent Monitoring written by Tommy R. Shedd and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Automated Fish Biomonitoring System was developed by the U.S. Army Biomedical Research and Development Laboratory (USABRDL) to identify developing toxic conditions in water by continuously monitoring the ventilation and movement patterns of the bluegill (Lepomus macrochiris). Physiological stress to the bluegills, characterized by changes in fish ventilation and movement patterns, is used as an early warning to identify developing acute toxicity of a treated groundwater (effluent) discharge at Old 0-Field, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. An IBM compatible personal computer continuously monitors and records ventilatory rate, ventilation depth, cough rate, and whole body movement of up to 32 fish simultaneously. Monitoring begins with 16 fish held in control water for a three-day acclimation period followed by four days of baseline data collection. The fish are then divided into two groups (8 fish in control water and 8 fish in effluent). During the subsequent continuous exposure to effluent, the computer provides immediate analysis of statistically significant departures from baseline conditions for fish in the control and effluent-exposed groups. After two weeks exposure to effluent, new fish are placed on-line to continue monitoring the effluent. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 3 included the automated fish biomonitoring system in a Record of Decision for the discharge of the effluent to the Gunpowder River. The Automated Fish Biomonitoring System has been integrated with the Groundwater Treatment Facility at Old 0-Field. When the monitoring system identifies a potentially toxic effluent (6 fish responding to the effluent), an effluent sample is automatically collected for chemical analysis, a remote monitor in the treatment facility control room identifies the problem to the facility operators, and the discharge is diverted to storage tanks until the problem is resolved.

Download or read book Biomonitoring for Control of Toxicity in Effluent Discharges to the Marine Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biological Monitoring of water and effluent quality written by J CAIRNS (JR, Ed) and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1976 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biomonitoring of Water and Waste Water written by Anju Agrawal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-11 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomonitoring of water quality is very much essential for assessing the overall health of water bodies and safe supply of drinking water. The chemical nature of toxicant is highly dynamic in environment with time and space whereas biological system can integrate all environmental variables over a large period of time in terms of effect that can be easily measured and quantified. In view of the above, there is a pressing need to determine the water quality of natural resources as well as drinking water based on the standard protocols and guidelines from regulatory agencies. It is clear that the synthetic chemicals are essential for our society to maintain the health and well being of the people. However, there has been a range of detrimental effects on human health and natural environment. In general, we need to improve our management of waste chemicals discharged into the air, water and soil environments. New techniques are needed to predict adverse effects before they occur and for the treatment of wastes. In addition, a range of social, political and economic factors will be needed to be taken into account in order to achieve success.

Download or read book Biomonitoring in the Water Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biomonitoring Methods for Drinking Water Protection written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two biomonitoring approaches are being developed to rapidly identify toxicity associated with toxic industrial chemicals in Army drinking water supplies. An aquatic biomonitor continuously monitors water at fixed facilities such as water treatment plants by identifying changes in fish ventilatory and movement patterns. The biomonitor responds within an hour to most chemicals at acutely toxic concentrations. In field testing at two water treatment facilities (Fort Detrick, MD and New York City) the biomonitor has been on-line at least 94% of the time and has identified toxic events at each site. The aquatic biomonitor is being transitioned to a commercial partner and will be available for use at Army facilities in FY05. To apply the biomonitoring approach to Army field water situations, an Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) system is being developed. An Integrated Product Team (IPT) of Army users identified ESB system use scenarios and downselection criteria for cell-based toxicity sensors. Using a formal decision analysis approach, an expert panel applied the criteria to 35 technologies. recommending 14 for further testing. These toxicity sensors are now being tested against a set of 15 chemicals. The best sensor (or set of sensors) will undergo further development as part of the ESB system. which is scheduled for completion in FY05.

Download or read book Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-11-30 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomonitoring—a method for measuring amounts of toxic chemicals in human tissues—is a valuable tool for studying potentially harmful environmental chemicals. Biomonitoring data have been used to confirm exposures to chemicals and validate public health policies. For example, population biomonitoring data showing high blood lead concentrations resulted in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) regulatory reduction of lead in gasoline; biomonitoring data confirmed a resultant drop in blood lead concentrations. Despite recent advances, the science needed to understand the implications of the biomonitoring data for human health is still in its nascent stages. Use of the data also raises communication and ethical challenges. In response to a congressional request, EPA asked the National Research Council to address those challenges in an independent study. Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals provides a framework for improving the use of biomonitoring data including developing and using biomarkers (measures of exposure), research to improve the interpretation of data, ways to communicate findings to the public, and a review of ethical issues.

Download or read book Demonstration of a Continuous Real Time Biomonitor for the Detection of Toxic Chemicals in Water written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid detection of toxic chemicals in drinking water supplies is complicated by the wide range of potential chemical threats and a limited capability for continuous, real-time monitoring of drinking water contaminants. An automated biomonitoring system has been developed to provide a rapid response to developing toxicity caused by a broad spectrum of individual chemicals or chemical mixtures. The biomonitor detects sublethal changes in fish behavior by continuously tracking the ventilatory rate and depth, cough rate, and whole body movement of eight individual fish (bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus). Key water quality parameters monitored continuously include temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and conductivity. When changes in fish behavior cause a pre-determined alarm threshold to be exceeded, the biomonitor initiates an automated water sampler to allow follow-on analytical chemistry evaluations and provides immediate notification of appropriate individuals through an autodialer. Software enables access to the ventilatory data from remote locations for alarm follow-up and diagnostic evaluations. Use of two sets of eight fish ensures continuous water monitoring, and routine maintenance is approximately four hours per week. Data for a limited number of chemicals indicate that the biomonitor is likely to respond within an hour to concentrations at or below the 96-h LC50 (the level lethal to half the exposed animals in 4 days). The biomonitor is now being used to continuously monitor source water for a water treatment plant. Biomonitor improvements in progress include a graphical user interface, an expert system to better identify biomonitor responses due to toxicity, and Internet accessibility. The biomonitor complements chemical surveillance techniques by providing continuous, real-time monitoring for unsuspected chemicals, chemical mixtures, and transient events, and by giving early warning of potential toxicity.

Download or read book Biological Monitoring of Water and Effluent Quality written by G. F. Westlake and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Public Health Response to Biological and Chemical Weapons written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2004-01-21 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second edition of this publication which focuses on the public health aspects of the possible deliberate use of biological or chemical agents. Issues discussed include: the key principles for public health planning, risk assessment, hazard identification and evaluation, risk management strategies, and response planning as part of existing national emergency plans, disease surveillance and early warning systems, the national and international legal framework, and international sources of assistance. Technical annexes cover a range of issues including chemical agents, toxins, biological agents, principles of protection, precautions against the sabotage of drinking water, food and other products, information resources and the affiliation of WHO Member States to the international treaties on biological and chemical weapons.

Download or read book Phytoremediation Role of Aquatic Plants in Environmental Clean Up written by Bhupinder Dhir and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-11 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contamination of the different components of environment through industrial and anthropogenic activities have guided new eras of research. This has lead to development of strategies/methodologies to curtail/minimize environmental contamination. Research studies conducted all over the globe established that bioremediation play a promising role in minimizing environmental contamination. In the last decade, phytoremediation studies have been conducted on a vast scale. Initial research in this scenario focused on screening terrestrial plant species that remove contaminants from soil and air. Later, scientific community realized that water is a basic necessity for sustaining life on earth and quality of which is getting deteriorated day by day. This initiated studies on phytoremediation using aquatic plants. Role of aquatic plant species in cleaning water bodies was also explored. Many of the aquatic plant species showed potential to treat domestic, municipal and industrial wastewaters and hence their use in constructed wetlands for treating wastewaters was emphasized. The present book contains five chapters. First two chapters provide information about types of contaminants commonly reported in wastewaters and enlists some important and well studied aquatic plant species known for their potential to remove various contaminants from wastewater. Subsequent chapters deal with mechanisms involved in contaminant removal by aquatic plant species, and also provide detailed information about role of aquatic plant species in wetlands. Potential of constructed wetlands in cleaning domestic and industrial wastewaters has also been discussed in detail. The strategy for enhancing phytoremediation capacity of plants by different means and effectiveness of phytoremediation technology in terms of monitory benefits has been discussed in last chapter. Last chapter also emphasizes the future aspects of this technology.