Download or read book Evaluation of Anion Exchange and Adsorption for Natural Organic Matter Nom Pretreatment from Two Surface Waters Using a Two Stage Countercurrent Reactor written by Katherine Graf and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isotherms and modeling were done to determine the doses necessary for 99% removal of the adsorbable fraction of DOC. The average 2nd stage percent removal of adsorbable DOC removal with SJR water and VA water for F400, PFA444, and MIEX were 109% and 84%, 90% and 88%, and 85% and 94%, respectively. These results show that the modeling was relatively effective in predicting the doses and that the two-stage countercurrent process was able to remove more DOC than the single-stage process.

Download or read book Natural Organic Matter in Water written by Mika Sillanpää and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2014-10-07 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 77 percent of the freshwater used in the United States comes from surface-water sources and is subject to natural organic matter contamination according to the United States Geological Survey. This presents a distinct challenge to water treatment engineers. An essential resource to the latest breakthroughs in the characterization, treatment and removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water, Natural Organic Matter in Waters: Characterization and Treatment Methods focuses on advance filtration and treatment options, and processes for reducing disinfection byproducts. Based on the author's years of research and field experience, this book begins with the characterization of NOM including: general parameters, isolation and concentration, fractionation, composition and structural analysis and biological testing. This is followed by removal methods such as inorganic coagulants, polyelectrolytes and composite coagulants. Electrochemical and membranes removal methods such as: electrocoagulation, electrochemical oxidation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and membrane fouling. - Covers conventional as well as advanced NOM removal methods - Includes characterization methods of NOM - Explains removal methods such as: removal by coagulation, electrochemical, advanced oxidation, and integrated methods

Download or read book Combined Ion Exchange for the Simultaneous Removal of Dissolved Organic Matter and Hardness written by Jennifer Nicole Apell and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and hardness cations are two common constituents of natural waters that substantially impact water treatment processes. Anion exchange treatment, and in particular magnetic ion exchange (MIEX), has been shown to effectively remove DOM from natural waters. An important advantage of the MIEX process is that it is used as a slurry in a completely mixed flow reactor at the beginning of the treatment train. Hardness ions can be removed with cation exchange resins, although typically using a fixed bed reactor at the end of a treatment train. In this research, the feasibility of combining anion and cation exchange treatment in a single completely mixed reactor for treatment of raw water was investigated. The sequence of anion and cation exchange treatment, the number of regeneration cycles, and the chemistry of the regeneration solution were systematically explored. Simultaneous removal of DOM ([greater than] 70% dissolved organic carbon) and hardness ([greater than] 50% total hardness) was achieved by combined ion exchange treatment. This treatment would prove useful for raw waters that are a mixture of groundwater and surface water and as a pre-treatment for membrane systems as both DOM and calcium are major foulants.

Download or read book Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-24 with total page 1537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification, Four Volume Set provides a rich source of methods for analyzing water to assure its safety from natural and deliberate contaminants, including those that are added because of carelessness of human endeavors. Human development has great impact on water quality, and new contaminants are emerging every day. The issues of sampling for water analysis, regulatory considerations, and forensics in water quality and purity investigations are covered in detail. Microbial as well as chemical contaminations from inorganic compounds, radionuclides, volatile and semivolatile compounds, disinfectants, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals, including endocrine disruptors, are treated extensively. Researchers must be aware of all sources of contamination and know how to prescribe techniques for removing them from our water supply. Unlike other works published to date that concentrate on issues of water supply, water resource management, hydrology, and water use by industry, this work is more tightly focused on the monitoring and improvement of the quality of existing water supplies and the recovery of wastewater via new and standard separation techniques Using analytical chemistry methods, offers remediation advice on pollutants and contaminants in addition to providing the critical identification perspective The players in the global boom of water purification are numerous and varied. Having worked extensively in academia and industry, the Editor-in-Chief has been careful about constructing a work for a shared audience and cause

Download or read book Natural Organic Matter in Water written by Mika Sillanpää and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2022-10-17 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Organic Matter in Water: Characterization, Treatment Methods, and Climate Change Impact, Second Edition focuses on advanced filtration and treatment options, as well as processes for reducing disinfection by-products, making it an essential resource on the latest breakthroughs in the characterization, treatment and removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water. Based on the editor's years of research and field experience, the book covers general parameters, isolation and concentration, fractionation, composition and structural analysis, and biological testing, along with removal methods such as inorganic coagulants, polyelectrolytes and composite coagulants. In addition, sections cover electrochemical and membranes removal methods such as electrocoagulation, electrochemical oxidation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and membrane fouling. This book is a valuable guide for engineers and researchers looking to integrate methods, processes and technologies to achieve desired affects. - Provides a summary of up-to-date information surrounding NOM - Presents enhanced knowledge on treatment strategies for the removal of NOM - Covers conventional as well as advanced NOM removal methods

Download or read book Application of Advanced Adsorption Processes for Dissolved Organic Matter and Heavy Metal Removal from Water Sources written by A.K.M. Nazmul Hussain and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this research was to develop an improved understanding of natural organic matter (NOM) and heavy metals removal from two water sources: the City of Columbia McBaine Water Treatment Plant and synthetic water samples prepared in the laboratory. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing the adsorption process with magnetite, magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX), and powdered activated carbon (PAC) as adsorbents to reduce the NOM found in natural groundwater. Control and treated samples were studied to determine the removal degree of dissolved organic matter (DOC) and to verify the impact to the formation potential of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the distribution system. There was no apparent correlation found between DOC and disinfection by-products formation potential (THMFP) over the range of DOC values examined in this study. For MIEX applications, this lack of correlation between DOC removal and DBP could be due to partial dissolution of organic components from MIEX itself. The effects of iron in both Fe2+ and Fe3+ states on the adsorption of NOM onto MIEX were evaluated. The removals of TOCs were found to be higher in oxic conditions whereas the removals of UV254s were found to be higher in anoxic conditions. In oxic conditions, MIEX was capable of removing both NOM and iron effectively when coexisting in raw water. Iron could compete with NOM for exchange sites on MIEX at high dosages (>4 ml/L), which in turn could decrease the NOM removal rate. In anoxic conditions, similar removal patterns were observed as those in oxic conditions, except that MIEX adsorbed less iron with increasing iron content in the water samples. Both the removal rate and the amount of iron removed in oxic conditions were higher than in anoxic conditions. Finally, batch tests were conducted to study the effects of pH, ionic strength of the solution and hematite nanoparticles dosage on the adsorptive removal of Co2+ from aqueous solution. It was observed that adsorption was enhanced in neutral pH conditions, comparing to acidic condition and irrespective of ionic strength. Freundlich models were capable of representing the data more satisfactorily than the Langmuir models. The coions removed Co in the order Pb2+ > Cu2+ >HA. Hematite nanoparticles derived from ferroxane-AA were deposited on porous alumina tubes to develop tubular ceramic membrane for the removal of Co2+. Ferroane-AA loading on ceramic tube was found to be very low, 0.5 g of ferroxane-AA loaded only 1% and 2.0 g of ferroxane-AA loaded 0.7%. The regeneration process was tested for 4 washing cycles without membrane damage.

Download or read book Removal of Natural Organic Matter by Anion Exchange written by Treavor H. Boyer and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Natural Organic Matter Removal from Surface Waters by Enhanced Coagulation Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption and Ion Exchange written by Kaluka Paul Lobanga and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Natural Organic Matter in Natural Waters on Granular Activated Carbon written by Megan Denise Storrar and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Removal of Natural Organic Matter Fractions by Anion Exchange written by Anke Grefte and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Predicting Adsorption Isotherms in Natural Water Using Polyparameter Linear Free Energy Relationships written by Qin Wei Chow and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated carbon is widely used in drinking water treatment to remove both natural organic matter (NOM) and trace organic contaminants. Adsorption isotherms for trace contaminants in the presence of NOM are needed to predict the performance of activated carbon for removing these compounds, but such data are not available for most of these contaminants and it would be expensive to carry out isotherm tests for all compounds of interest. This research was conducted to reduce the effort required to determine needed isotherm data by using molecular parameters to predict these data. Polyparameter linear free energy relationships (pp-LFER) for trace contaminants adsorbed on activated carbon from organic-free water have been well developed, and this research was carried out to extend the method to predict the adsorption capacity of activated carbon in natural water. Literature values of molecular descriptors of pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupting compounds and some industrial solvents were used to predict natural water isotherms. Suwannee River NOM was used to represent natural water organic matter. The first part of this study used oxidized graphite to represent a typical activated carbon surface. Oxidized graphite was used to eliminate the effect of pores on adsorption capacity so that surface chemical interactions can be better understood. pp-LFERs for trace contaminants adsorbed on oxidized graphite (OG) from organic-free water and water containing Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) were developed. The pp-LFERs were developed for measured partitioning coefficients Kd (i.e. the ratios of adsorption uptake qe over the equilibrium concentration Ce). The best-fit pp-LFER correlation for predicting single solute log Kd was iii determined to depend on solute activity a (i.e. the ratio of equilibrium concentration of a specific solute over its water solubility): log Kd,i = [(13.30 5.83) + (1.96 1.22)log ai]V + [(-9.97 5.37) 0́3 (1.16 1.11)log ai]B + [(1.02 3.10) 0́3 (0.16 0.64)log ai]S + [(0.24 2.41) + (0.08 0.51)log ai]E + [(-4.12 3.87) 0́3 (0.66 0.81)log ai]A + [(-11.87 5.20) 0́3 (2.34 1.08)log ai] . The best-fit pp-LFER correlation for adsorption from water containing SRNOM was determined to depend on solute equilibrium concentration: log Kd,i = [(1.57 0.63) + (0.36 0.26)log Ce,i]V + [(-2.49 0.57) 0́3 (0.66 0.25)log Ce,i]B + [(2.11 0.25) + (0.30 0.15)log Ce,i]S + [(0.03 0.23) + (0.36 0.10)log Ce,i]E + [(-0.51 0.25) + (0.04 0.14)log Ce,i]A + [(-1.27 0.42) 0́3 (1.60 0.23)log Ce,i] . The results showed that predictions by the pp-LFER model for adsorption by oxidized graphite are within a factor of two from the experimental values. In the second part of this study, a pp-LFER was developed to predict activated carbon adsorption isotherms of trace organic contaminants in the presence of Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) using molecular descriptors of the trace organic contaminants. The trace organic contaminants used to develop the pp-LFER include pesticides, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupting compounds and some industrial solvents and the molecular descriptors (V, A, B, S, E) can be found in the literature. The best-fit pp-LFER equation was determined to be: iv log Kd,i = [(-6.79 3.06) + (-0.71 0.77)log Ce,i]V + [(7.84 2.27) + (1.63 0.64)log Ce,i]B + [(1.08 0.48) + (-0.14 0.15)log Ce,i]S + [(-1.26 0.74) + (-0.83 0.19)log Ce,i]E + [(0.52 2.57) + (0.20 0.62)log Ce,i]A + [(8.54 1.68) + (0.67 0.45)log Ce,i]. This pp-LFER equation was able to predict activated carbon adsorption isotherms that are within a factor of 1.81 from the experimental values. The equation was also able to predict atrazine adsorption isotherms in two other natural waters that are within a factor of 3 from the experimental values.

Download or read book Characterization of Natural Organic Matter and Trihalomethane Formation Potential for NOM Fractions Isolated from Two Surface Water Sources in Manitoba written by Charles Goss and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to evaluate the removal of natural organic matter (NOM) fractions, from the Portage la Prairie water treatment plant (PPWTP), which uses the Assiniboine River as a source, and the Morris water treatment plant (MWTP), which takes water from the Red River, to establish the NOM removal efficiency. The PPWTP sample set for total DOC removal by the plant found the granular activated carbon (GAC) filter was inefficiently removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the water, often with concentrations increasing post-GAC. It was found that one sample set from the MWTP showed that NOM was not being removed by the nano filter with NOM increasing post-nano filtration, from 8.7mg/L to 10.2 mg/L. However, it was found that most of the time the nano filter was operating as manufacturer design showing a reduction of NOM post nano filter to

Download or read book Competitive Adsorption of Iron and Natural Organic Matter in Groundwater Using Granular Activated Carbon written by Omar Al-Attas and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The treatment of potable water in Vars, ON is accomplished by filtering the colored, iron-laden groundwater through granular activated carbon (GAC) filters. When first installed, these filters unexpectedly experienced chromatographic displacements of iron into the produced water which resulted in orange-brown water at consumers' taps. The treatment plant was later modified by adding potassium permanganate oxidation and a greensand filter prior to the GAC adsorption columns. Consequently, iron was almost completely removed and no longer caused operational problems. The main objective of this dissertation is to study the interactions between natural organic matter (NOM) and iron that caused the observed chromatographic effect. This study was divided into three main stages: a) characterization study on Vars groundwater and its treatment system; b) study of the competitive adsorption of iron with NOM in Vars groundwater; and c) evaluation of the rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT) for predicting the full-scale GAC column breakthroughs. The characterization of Vars groundwater showed that ferrous iron was found to be the dominant iron species, representing 90% of the total iron, and that 15 - 35% of the iron was complexed with NOM. It was hypothesized that the chromatographic displacement of iron from the GAC columns was caused by NOM-iron complexes; however, field mini-column experiments showed this was not the case. Thus, competitive adsorption between iron and NOM was seen as the more likely cause of the chromatographic effect. The adsorption capacity of ferrous iron in Vars raw water was less than that in organic-free water by a factor of 7 due to the competition with NOM over the GAC adsorbing sites. However, the NOM adsorption capacity was not reduced due to the presence of ferrous iron. It was hypothesized that ideal adsorption solution theory (IAST) models, which have been successful in describing competitive adsorption between target organic compounds and NOM, could model the competition between an inorganic compound such as ferrous iron and NOM. The hypothesis was proved to be correct, and the adsorption isotherm of iron in competition with NOM in Vars groundwater was simulated very well by several versions of the IAST model. However, none of the models were capable of simulating the competitive adsorption of NOM and ferrous iron simultaneously. Since the presence of iron did not significantly reduce the adsorption capacity of NOM, a simplified approach of using the single-solute NOM isotherm to represent the competitive NOM isotherm was recommended. The performance of the rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT) was evaluated in order to simulate the iron chromatographic effect observed at Vars' full-scale GAC column. The RSSCT was not capable of predicting the iron phenomenon and the test proved to be problematic due to the oxidation and precipitation of iron within the small voids between the small-scale column's GAC particles. The RSSCT, using constant and linear diffusivities, were applied to simulate the NOM adsorption after greensand treatment. Integrating both diffusivities, the tests predicted the onset and slope of the NOM breakthrough up to 10-L water treated/g GAC, which is equivalent to 250 days of operation time for the full-scale column. However, the NOM breakthroughs deviated beyond that point and the RSSCT using constant diffusivity underestimated the column performance greatly. On the other hand, the linear diffusivity RSSCT underestimated the performance to a lesser degree and its NOM breakthrough was quite parallel to the full-scale performance with lower NOM removals of 15%. The higher long-term NOM removal in the full-scale system may be explained by biodegradation, a phenomenon that was not considered by the short duration of RSSCT.

Download or read book Removal of Natural Organic Matter by Anion Exchange Multiscale Experimentation and Mathematical Modeling written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Removal of natural organic matter by anion exchange: Multiscale experimentation and mathematical modeling.

Download or read book Gnomici poetae graeci Nova editio accurata written by and published by . This book was released on 1817 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Role of Advanced Oxidation Processes in Drinking Water Treatment written by Karine K. Philippe and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Removal of natural organic matter (NOM) is an ever growing challenge for water utilities as many surface waters used for drinking water in the UK exhibit increasing organics levels and it is well known that these organics can lead to problems such as water colouration, unpleasant odour and taste, bacterial growth and disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation. NOM is traditionally removed by coagulation, however in the case of hydrophilic organic matter rich waters the performances of these processes are not able to remove sufficient organic matter leading to potential failures of DBP regulations. Here two advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) UV/H2O2 and TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation were studied to investigate how they could be integrated in a drinking water flowsheet to meet this challenge. Substantial structural changes in the organic matter were observed: loss of aromaticity and double bonded character, shift towards lower molecular weight (MW) more hydrophilic compounds and formation of oxygenated by-products. Although hydrophobic rich waters seem more suitable to AOP treatment as preferential attack of high MW hydrophobic compounds was demonstrated, no correlation was found between physical properties of nine NOM surrogates and removal by UV/TiO2. Dark adsorption onto TiO2 was shown to remove preferentially high molecular weight hydrophobic anionic compound such as tannic acid. UV/H2O2 combined with coagulation did not show any significant benefits in NOM removal as UV/H2O2 appeared to target similar components as coagulation (high MW, hydrophobic and charged) and to form by-products recalcitrant to coagulation. The combination of both AOPs with fresh GAC showed moderate benefits inAbstractiitrihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and non purgeable organic carbon (NPOC) removal highlighting the role of size and surface chemistry on adsorption onto GAC. Biodegradability of the water did not exhibit any significant change after both AOP treatments within the studied conditions possibly due to insufficient UV irradiation and presence of organics recalcitrant to biodegradation.

Download or read book Physical and Chemical Separation in Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Norihito Tambo and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based upon half a century of research by the authors, Physical and Chemical Separation in Water and Wastewater Treatment addresses the whole water cycle spectrum, from global hydrological cycle, urban-regional metabolic cycle to individual living and production cycle, with respect to quality control technology based on fundamental science and theories. For every treatment process, basic scientific and environmental physical and chemical natures are explained with respect to those of water and its impurities. Health danger and risks for human beings are also covered. The authors define water qualities on a “Water Quality Matrix” composed of 35 elements. The vertical axis (row), has individual 7digit impurity size from 10-10m (water molecule 3?) to 10-3m (0.1mm sand grains) and in the horizontal axis(column) there are 5 categories of surrogate chemical and biochemical quality indices. The same 35 element matrix is used to correspond with several typical water quality treatments, unit-operation/unit-process, with a suitable characteristic grouping of the elements. The authors then present “the Water Quality Conversion Matrix” or “Water Quality Treatment Matrix”. With respect to typical treatment processes, the basic concept and scientific background are explained and the background of the technologies is clarified. Mechanisms of the process are explained and a kinetic process is formulated. The kinetics are experimentally verified quantitatively with important equilibrium and rate constants. Based on the authors’ research, various new treatment technologies are proposed with high efficiency, high capacity and less energy, and with steady operation ability. This comprehensive reference book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students, and also serves as a guide book for practical engineers and industry and university researchers.