Download or read book Evaluating the Effectiveness of Child Safety Seats and Seat Belts in Protecting Children from Injury written by Steven D. Levitt and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Young children are required to use child safety seats, and the age threshold at which children can legally graduate to seat belts has steadily increased. This paper tests the relative effectiveness of child safety seats, lap-and-shoulder seat belts, and lap belts in preventing injuries among motor vehicle passengers aged 2-6. We analyze three large, representative samples of crashes reported to police, as well as linked hospital data. We find no apparent difference in the two most serious injury categories for children in child safety seats versus lap-and-shoulder belts. Child safety seats provide a statistically significant 25% reduction in the least serious injury category. Lap belts are somewhat less effective than the two other types of restraints, but far superior to riding unrestrained.

Download or read book Evaluating the Effectiveness of Child Safety Seats and Seat Belts in Protecting Chidren from Injury written by Steven D. Levitt and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluating the Effectivenes of Child Safety Seats and Seat Belts in Protecting Children from Injury written by Steven D. Levitt and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Evaluation of Child Passenger Safety the Effectiveness and Benefits of Safety Seats Technical Report written by Charles Jesse Kahane and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Child Safety Restraints written by William Leslie Hall and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Statistical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Child Restraints Final Report written by Knoop. J. C. and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Booster Seat Use and Child Passenger Safety in Ohio United States written by Li Li (Ph. D. in public health) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motor vehicle crash (MVC) related injuries remain the leading cause of death among children in the US. Age and size appropriate child restraint systems reduce the risk of MVC-related injuries. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children who outgrow harness-based car seats should continue to use booster seats until they reach 57 inches tall. Many countries and US states have enacted legislation to promote the use of child restraint systems. However, the premature transition from using booster seats to seat belts is a public health hazard to children. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to examine the motor vehicle safety of child passengers by investigating the premature transition from booster seats to seat belts. The findings could be used to promote the appropriate use of child restraint systems and improve child passenger safety. The first aim of this dissertation (Chapter 3) was to compare the effectiveness of booster seats versus seat belts in protecting children aged 4 to 8 involved in MVCs. This chapter utilized data from Ohio Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) from 2013 to 2016. By using propensity score methods with robust Poisson regression analysis, we found that children with booster seats had an 11% lower risk for overall MVC-related injuries, an 18% lower risk for moderate to severe injury, and a 59% lower risk for sustaining abdominal injury compared to those with seat belts alone. The second aim (Chapter 4) was to evaluate the impact of Ohio’s booster seat law on child restraint use and MVC-related injuries. We included 18 years (2000-2017) of Ohio police accident report data and utilized an interrupted time series analysis with the generalized least-squares method. Our results indicated that Ohio’s booster seat law was associated with an 18% increase in the proportion of age appropriate restraint use among children aged 4-7 years involved in MVCs, with this increase in usage occurring immediately after implementing the Ohio booster seat law and sustaining over several years. We also observed a negative association between the law and MVC-related injuries, though the statistical association was not reached at the significance level of 0.05. The third aim (Chapter 5) was to explore factors that influence parents' decision-making on their children’s transition from booster seats to seat belts. We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews virtually with parents whose first child made the transition within the last year. We audio-recorded and transcribed all the interviews. This study identified three child-related themes and five parent-related themes associated with parents’ decision-making on transitioning from booster seats to seat belts. We also found that the internet was the most common information source when parents sought child passenger safety knowledge. The majority of participants were aware of the Ohio booster seat law and used the law as a guideline, but misunderstanding and misinterpretation existed regarding age and height requirements. This dissertation demonstrates that using booster seats could reduce injuries among children aged 4-8 involved in MVCs. Children who prematurely transition to seat belts have a higher risk of MVC-related injuries. Ohio’s statewide booster seat law was effective in promoting the age appropriate restraint use of children at booster seat age, even though the law was secondary enforcement. This dissertation also highlighted the importance of redesigning educational materials to improve parents/caregivers’ knowledge and practice regarding correctly transitioning their children from booster seats to seat belts.

Download or read book Child and Infant Restraint Systems and Seating Special Bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Safety Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Transportation Safety Board examined the issue of child motor vehicle passenger protection through a series of 53 detailed investigations of accidents involving infants and small children, restrained and unrestrained; through a series of three regional public hearings; and through a review of the child passenger protection laws that had been enacted by 40 States and the District of Columbia as of mid-1983. The report uses accident cases to highlight crash consequences to unrestrained children and the often dramatic lifesaving and injury prevention benefits of child safety seats. Misuse of child safety seats is identified as a significant problem in accidents, and a need for special efforts to combat the misuse problem is identified. The report identifies limitations and loopholes in child passenger protection laws and concludes that a major problem is that virtually none of the 41 laws were designed to foster the transition of children from safety seat use to safety belt use. The report also calls attention to the need to implement and enforce child passenger protection laws effectively, and identifies areas for further research. Finally, the report identifies major elements for inclusion in effective child passenger protection laws.

Download or read book A Guide to Audiovisual and Print Materials on Safety Belts and Child Car Safety Seats written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The audiovisual materials described in this guide illustrate three major occupant protection concepts: (1) The Dynamics of the Crash; (2) The Effectiveness of Safety Belts or Child Car Safety Seats; and (3) Myths and Misconceptions Related to the Use of Occupant Protection Devices. Items for presentation should be selected according to the time available and the interests of the audience. However, whenever possible, select the films that contain aspects of all three major concepts. It is suggested that the slide packages be used in follow-up presentations, either on child safety seats or safety belts. Each film or slide guide is designed to assist in selecting the materials that are most appropriate for the audience or situation. In addition, suggested presentation questions and answers have been provided. This document describes all of the audiovisual materials selected by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) for inclusion in various educational program kits. Although a particular kit may contain a few of these materials, the others may be obtained directly from NHTSA or the original producers listed on the last page of this guide.

Download or read book Effectiveness and Efficiency of Safety Belt and Child Restraint Usage Programs Problem and Countermeasure Review 1966 1981 written by J. L. Nichols and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pediatric Injury Biomechanics written by Jeff R. Crandall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-15 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pediatric Injury Biomechanics: Archive and Textbook consolidates and describes the current state of the art in pediatric injury biomechanics research in the automotive crash environment. Written by the most respected scientists in the field, the objective of this ground-breaking project is to provide a comprehensive archive and analysis of pediatric injury biomechanics research; to be the go-to reference for the epidemiology of motor vehicle related childhood injury data, pediatric anthropometry, pediatric biomechanical properties, tissue tolerance, and computational models. This book provides essential information needed by researchers working in the field of pediatric injury including those involved in rulemaking activities, injury criteria development, child dummy development, and child injury interventions development. In addition to the text, a companion archive will include valuable information and tools to assist in the identification of gaps in research and future research directions.This living document will be regularly updated with current research and advancements in pediatric injury biomechanics.

Download or read book Effectiveness and Efficiency of Safety Belt and Child Restraint Usage Programs written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Motor Vehicle Occupant Injury written by Stephen B. Thacker and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-06 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Task Force on Community Preventive Services has conducted a systematic review of interventions designed to increase use of child safety seats, increase use of safety belts, and reduce alcohol-impaired driving. Contents: Background; Introduction; Methods; Results; Use of the Recommendations in States and Communities; Additional Information Regarding the ¿Community Guide¿; and References. Tables.

Download or read book The Performance and Use of Child Restraint Systems Seatbelts and Air Bags for Children in Passenger Vehicles Case summaries written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Performance and Use of Child Restraint Systems Seatbelts and Air Bags for Children in Passenger Vehicles written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evidence that Seat Belts are as Effective as Child Safety Seats in Preventing Death for Children Aged Two and Up written by Steven D. Levitt and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Over the last thirty years, the use of child safety seats in motor vehicles has increased dramatically, fueled by well publicized information campaigns and legal mandates. In spite of this movement, there is relatively little empirical evidence regarding the efficacy of child safety seats relative to the much cheaper alternative of traditional seat belts. Using data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) on all fatal crashes in the United States from 1975-2003, I find that child safety seats, in actual practice, are no better than seat belts at reducing fatalities among children aged 2-6. This result is robust to a wide range of sensitivity analyses, including controlling for sample selection that arises because the FARS data set includes only crashes in which at least one fatality occurs"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.