Download or read book Evaluating the Depiction of Complex Area Navigation Required Navigation Performance Procedures and Analyzing a Potential De cluttering Technique written by Abhizna Butchibabu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance Based Navigation (PBN) is a key element of the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) NextGen Program. In order to increase National Airspace System (NAS) capacity and efficiency, PBN routes and procedures are being developed, including Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP) procedures. RNAV enables aircraft to fly directly from point-to-point on any desired flight path using groundor spaced-based navigation aids. RNP is RNAV with the addition of onboard monitoring and alerting capability. Both RNAV and RNP procedures allow aircraft to fly accurate routes without relying on ground-based navigation aids. RNAV and RNP procedures facilitate more efficient design of airspace and procedures, offering significant safety improvements and flexibility to negotiate terrain, as well as improving airspace capacity and operational efficiency. The initial implementation of RNAV and RNAV (RNP) procedures has raised several human factors issues. RNAV (RNP) Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP) and RNAV Standard Instrument Departures (SID) and Standard Terminal Arrivals (STARs) often have more waypoints, altitude constraints and other elements than conventional procedures, resulting in charts being cartographically complex. Thus, a chart review was conducted to objectively understand the procedure elements that contributed to increased information density and high levels of visual clutter. A total of sixty-three approach, fifty-two departure, and fifty-four arrival procedures were analyzed. Primary findings were that the factors associated with high levels of visual clutter included having multiple flight paths per page for approach and departure procedures, and having complex altitude constraints for arrival procedures. Multiple waypoints per path was also a factor for both arrivals and approaches. In addition, having RF legs were additional factor contributing to visual clutter for approach procedures. One method to mitigate the increased information density and visual clutter on the RNAV and RNP procedure depiction is to reduce the number of flight paths shown on a single page by separating the depicted paths to multiple pages. However, there are a number of drawbacks to this clutter mitigation technique. Example drawbacks include having more paper to carry in the flight deck and more time spent searching for the correct page within a set of separated pages. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of reducing the number of paths depicted on single-page "Modified" charts. FAA AeroNav Products and Jeppesen created versions of the Modified chart in their standard cartographical conventions. The experiment was conducted to evaluate whether these Modified charts would impact information retrieval time and accuracy compared with the "Current" charts being used now. Current FAA AeroNav Products and Jeppesen charts were used as the baseline condition. Six procedures were studied, including three RNAV departure procedures from Dallas/Fort Worth, Las Vegas, and Salt Lake City airports, and three RNAV (RNP) approach procedures from Boise, Bozeman, and Palm Springs airports. During the experiment, pilots were shown the same procedure in Current and Modified chart formats. All charts were displayed electronically on a high-resolution computer monitor. Pilots were asked information retrieval questions associated with each chart. Pilot response time and accuracy with which pilots answered the information retrieval questions were recorded. Pilots completed the task in two blocks, one for approaches and one for departures. The Current and Modified charts within each block were presented in random order, and the order of the two blocks was counterbalanced. Each block began with six practice questions. Each session took approximately one hour to complete. Data were collected from 28 commercial airline pilots and 19 corporate pilots with average flight experience of 11,484 hours. Fourteen pilots used FAA AeroNav charts, and 33 pilots used Jeppesen charts. Pilots were found to answer questions faster using Modified charts than Current charts. This effect was statistically significant with a p-value less than 0.01. For approach procedures, the mean response time for Current charts was 16.9 seconds, compared with 10.6 seconds for Modified charts. For departure procedures, the mean response time for Current charts was 16.2 seconds, compared with 13.2 seconds for Modified charts. Response times were also significantly faster for Modified charts than for Current charts when analyzed for each airport, chart manufacturer (Jeppesen and FAA AeroNav Products), and pilot type (Corporate and Airline). Overall question response accuracy for all 47 participants was 99.5%. There were no statistically significant differences found for the response accuracy between Modified and Current chart use.
Download or read book Evaluation of a Technique to Simplify Area Navigation and Required Navigation Performance Charts written by U.S. Department Of Transportation Federa and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-12 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance based navigation (PBN), an enabler for the Federal Aviation Administration's Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), supports the design of more precise flight procedures. However, these new procedures can be visually complex, which may impact the usability of charts that depict the procedures. This study evaluated whether there are performance benefits from simplifying aeronautical charts by separating visually complex area navigation (RNAV) and required navigation performance (RNP) procedures onto different chart images. Forty-seven professional pilots who were qualified to operate with RNAV and RNP participated. They used high-fidelity current and modified charts to find specific information from RNAV (RNP) approach and RNAV Standard Instrument Departure (SID) chart images that were shown one at a time on a computer monitor. Response time and accuracy were recorded.
Download or read book Evaluation of a Technique to Simplify Area Navigation and Required Navigation Performance Charts written by Divya C. Chandra and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Abstract: Performance based navigation (PBN), an enabler for the Federal Aviation Administration's Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), supports the design of more precise flight procedures. However, these new procedures can be visually complex, which may impact the usability of charts that depict the procedures. This study evaluated whether there are performance benefits from simplifying aeronautical charts by separating visually complex area navigation (RNAV) and required navigation performance (RNP) procedures onto different chart images. Forty-seven professional pilots who were qualified to operate with RNAV and RNP participated. They used high-fidelity current and modified charts to find specific information from RNAV (RNP) approach and RNAV Standard Instrument Departure (SID) chart images that were shown one at a time on a computer monitor. Response time and accuracy were recorded. Results showed a consistent and significant reduction in the time to find information from the simplified chart images. Response time varied linearly with a simple clutter metric, the sum of visual elements in the depiction, indicationg serial visual search. Most questions were answered with high accuracy, but some questions about altitude constraints yielded low accuracies. This experiment did not explore practical disadvantages of separating paths, such as the increased number of images to handle."--Technical report documentation page.
Download or read book Area Navigation and Required Navigation Performance Procedures and Depictions written by U.s. Department of Transportation and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-12 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Area navigation (RNAV) and required navigation performance (RNP) procedures are fundamental to the implementation of a performance based navigation (PBN) system, which is a key enabling technology for the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). As new RNAV and RNP procedures are developed, they are published as chartsfor use by appropriately qualified pilots. These chartsand procedures describe paths that must be flown preciselyfor improveduse ofairspace and safety.In this document, we considerhow chartsfor both conventional and PBN procedures are designedfrom ahuman factors perspective.First, we document current charting challenges and mitigation strategies. Next, wedescribe areview ofprocedures thatwas done to discover whichfeatures wererelated to difficulty of use or visual complexity. The moredifficult instrument approachcharts depict procedures with moreflight paths, path segments, and radius-to-fix legs.Standard instrument departure procedures that are more difficult show more flight paths. Standard terminal arrival route procedures that are more difficult have more total altitude constraints and path segments.Finally, we describe the process for designing and implementing new instrument procedures, whichinvolves significant coordination both inside and outside the government
Download or read book Area Navigation and Required Navigation Performance Procedures and Depictions written by Divya C. Chandra and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Abstract: Area navigation (RNAV) and required navigation performance (RNP) procedures are fundamental to the implementation of a performance based navigation (PBN) system, which is a key enabling technology for the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). As new RNAV and RNP procedures are developed, they are published a charts for use by appropriately qualified pilots. These charts and procedures describe paths that must be flown precisely for improved use of airspace and safety. In this document, we consider how charts for both conventional and PBN procedures are designed from a human factors perspective. First, we document current charting challenges and mitigation strategies. Next, we describe a review of procedures that was done to discover which features were related to difficulty of use or visual complexity. The more difficult instrument approach charts depict procedures with more flight paths, path segments, and radius-to-fix legs. Standard instrument departure procedures that are more difficult show more flight paths. Standard terminal arrival route procedures that are more difficult have more total altitude constraints and path segments. Finally, we describe the process for designing and implementing new instrument procedures, which involves significant coordination both inside and outside government."--Technical report documentation page.
Download or read book Nextgen written by United States. Congress and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-01-13 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NextGen : Area Navigation (RNAV) / Required Navigation Performance (RNP) : hearing before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, July 29, 2009.
Download or read book Human Factors Considerations for Performance Based Navigation written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-20 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A transition toward a performance-based navigation system is currently underway in both the United States and around the world. Performance-based navigation incorporates Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP) procedures that do not rely on the location of ground-based navigation aids. These procedures offer significant benefits to both operators and air traffic managers. Under sponsorship from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has undertaken a project to document human factors issues that have emerged during RNAV and RNP operations and propose areas for further consideration. Issues were found to include aspects of air traffic control and airline procedures, aircraft systems, and procedure design. Major findings suggest the need for human factors-specific instrument procedure design guidelines. Ongoing industry and government activities to address air-ground communication terminology, procedure design improvements, and chart-database commonality are strongly encouraged.Barhydt, Richard and Adams, Catherine A.Langley Research CenterAREA NAVIGATION; HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING; NASA PROGRAMS; FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS; AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE; AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL; FLIGHT OPERATIONS; AIRLINE OPERATIONS; GROUND-AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATION; CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN; PILOT TRAINING; NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Engineering and development program plan area navigation written by Brandewie, D. Michael and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The program development plan provides the research and development necessary to support the evaluation of the concepts and provide answers to critical issues affecting the implementation of area navigation (RNAV) as described in the report of the Joint FAA/Industry Area Navigation Task Force, 'Application of Area Navigation in the National Airspace System.' The program objectives, background, interfaces, technical approach, resource requirements and schedules are detailed in the plan. The program is responsive to the R and D requested efforts outlined in the Task Force Report. The work efforts are divided into five interdependent product activities: RNAV Payoff Analysis, RNAV Terminal Design, RNAV En Route Design, RNAV Avionics and Supporting Studies. (Author).
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Download or read book Aeronautical Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A selection of annotated references to unclassified reports and journal articles that were introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system and announced in Scientific and technical aerospace reports (STAR) and International aerospace abstracts (IAA).
Download or read book Congressional Record written by United States. Congress and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 1352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is published daily when Congress is in session. The Congressional Record began publication in 1873. Debates for sessions prior to 1873 are recorded in The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (1789-1824), the Register of Debates in Congress (1824-1837), and the Congressional Globe (1833-1873)
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