Download or read book Evaluating Testing Costs and Benefits of Advanced Spectroscopic Portals for Screening Cargo at Ports of Entry written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-28 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To improve screening of containerized cargo for nuclear and radiological material that might be entering the United States, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is seeking to deploy new radiation detectors, called advanced spectroscopic portals (ASPs). The ASPs are intended to replace some or all of the current system of radiation portal monitors (called PVT RPMs) used in conjunction with handheld radioisotope identifiers (RIIDs) to detect and identify radioactive material in cargo. The U.S. Congress required the Secretary of Homeland Security to certify that ASPs will provide a 'significant increase in operational effectiveness' over continued use of the existing screening devices before DHS can proceed with full-scale procurement of ASPs for deployment. Congress also directed DHS to request this National Research Council study to advise the Secretary of Homeland Security about testing, analysis, costs, and benefits of the ASPs prior to the certification decision. This interim report is based on testing done before 2008; on plans for, observations of, and preliminary results from tests done in 2008; and on the agency's draft cost-benefit analysis as of October 2008. The book provides advice on how DHS' Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) can complete and make more rigorous its ASP evaluation for the Secretary and the nation.
Download or read book Evaluating Testing Costs and Benefits of Advanced Spectroscopic Portals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-02-25 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This letter is the abbreviated version of an update of the interim report on testing, evaluation, costs, and benefits of advanced spectroscopic portals (ASPs), issued by the National Academies' Committee on Advanced Spectroscopic Portals in June 2009 (NRC 2009). This letter incorporates findings of the committee since that report was written, and it sharpens and clarifies the messages of the interim report based on subsequent committee investigations of more recent work by the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO). The key messages in this letter, which is the final report from the committee, are stated briefly in the synopsis on the next page and described more fully in the sections that follow. The committee provides the context for this letter, and then gives advice on: testing, evaluation, assessing costs and benefits, and deployment of advanced spectroscopic portals. The letter closes with a reiteration of the key points. The letter is abbreviated in that a small amount of information that may not be released publicly for security or law-enforcement reasons has been redacted from the version delivered to you in October 2010, but the findings and recommendations remain intact.
Download or read book Advanced Spectroscopic Portal Program written by Dana A. Shea and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. The Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) is charged with developing and procuring equipment to prevent a terrorist nuclear or radiological attack in the U.S. At the forefront of DNDO¿s efforts are technologies currently deployed and under development whose purpose is to detect smuggled nuclear and radiological materials. These technologies include existing radiation portal monitors and next-generation replacements known as advanced spectroscopic portals (ASP). Radiation portal monitors are used to detect radiation emitted from conveyances, such as trucks, entering the U.S. Contents of this report: (1) History and Background; (2) Issues for Congress: Capability to Detect and Identify Threats; (3) Options for Congress. Illus.
Download or read book U S Preparedness for Catastrophic Attacks written by Douglas Lovelace and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2012-01-13 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents is a hardbound series that provides primary-source documents and expert commentary on the worldwide counter-terrorism effort. Volume 120, U.S. Preparedness for Catastrophic Attacks, discusses the critical topic of U.S. preparedness for catastrophic events. Doug Lovelace introduces documents that will inform researchers and practitioners of international law and national security about the ability of the United States to prevent and deter a catastrophic attack, as well as to mitigate and cope with the effects of such an attack.
Download or read book The Science of Security Parts I and II written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Terrorism written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gamma Ray Imaging written by Junwei Du and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-12 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will provide readers with a good overview of some of the most recent advances in the field of detector technology for gamma-ray imaging, especially as it pertains to new applications. There will be a good mixture of general chapters in both technology and applications in medical imaging and industrial testing. The book will have an in-depth review of the research topics from world-leading specialists in the field. The conversion of the gamma-ray signal into analog/digital value will be covered in some chapters. Some would also provide a review of CMOS chips for gamma-ray image sensors.
Download or read book Understanding the Role of Deterrence in Counterterrorism Security written by Andrew R. Morral and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2014-05-20 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deterrence--a central feature of counterterrorism security systems and a major factor in the cost-effectiveness of many security programs--is not well understood or measured. This paper offers a framework for understanding how security systems may deter or displace attacks and how to measure the relative deterrent value of alternative systems. This framework may aid in attempts to achieve increased security benefits with limited resources.
Download or read book Countering the Nuclear Threat to the Homeland written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security. Subcommittee on Emerging Threats, Cybersecurity, and Science and Technology and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Smuggling Detection written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security. Subcommittee on Emerging Threats, Cybersecurity, and Science and Technology and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Congressional Record written by United States. Congress and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Department of Homeland Security s R D Budget Priorities for Fiscal Year 2008 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Technology and Innovation and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Practicality of Pulsed Fast Neutron Transmission Spectroscopy for Aviation Security written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-05-07 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major goal of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and now the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), is the development of technologies for detecting explosives and illegal drugs in freight cargo and passenger luggage. One such technology is pulsed fast neutron analysis (PFNA). This technology is based on detection of signature radiation (gamma rays) induced in material scanned by a beam of neutrons. While PFNA may have the potential to meet TSA goals, it has many limitations. Because of these issues, the government asked the National Research Council to evaluate the potential of PFNA for airport use and compare it with current and future x-ray technology. The results of this survey are presented in "Assessment of the Practicality of Pulsed Fast Neutron Analysis for Aviation Security." A broad range of detection methods and test results are covered in this report. Tests conducted as of October 2000 showed that the PFNA system was unable to meet the stringent federal aviation requirements for explosive detection in air cargo containers. PFNA systems did, however, demonstrate some superior characteristics compared to existing x-ray systems in detecting explosives in cargo containers, though neither system performed entirely satisfactorily. Substantial improvements are needed in the PFNA detection algorithms to allow it to meet aviation detection standards for explosives in cargo and passenger baggage. The PFNA system currently requires a long scan time (an average of 90 minutes per container in the prototype testing in October 2000), needs considerable radiation shielding, is significantly larger than current x-ray systems, and has high implementation costs. These factors are likely to limit installation at airports, even if the detection capability is improved. Nevertheless, because PFNA has the best potential of any known technology for detecting explosives in cargo and luggage, this book discusses how continued research to improve detection capabilities and system design can best be applied for the airport environment.
Download or read book The Advanced Spectroscopic Portal Program written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is charged with developing and procuring equipment to prevent a terrorist nuclear or radiological attack in the United States. At the forefront of DNDO's efforts are technologies currently deployed and under development whose purpose is to detect smuggled nuclear and radiological materials. These technologies include existing radiation portal monitors and next-generation replacements known as advanced spectroscopic portals (ASPs). Radiation portal monitors are used to detect radiation being emitted by conveyances, such as trucks, that are entering the United States. Combined with additional equipment to identify the source of the emitted radiation, they provide for a detection and identification capability to detect smuggled nuclear and radiological materials. The ASPs currently under testing integrate these detection and identification steps into a single process. By doing so, DHS aims to reduce the impact of such radiation screening on commerce while increasing its ability to detect illicit nuclear material.
Download or read book Detection of Nuclear Weapons and Materials written by Jonathan Medalia and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-03 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (1) How Does Detection Work?; Current Detection Technol.; (2) Advanced Technol.: Nanocomposite Scintillators; GADRAS: Gamma-Ray Spectrum Analysis Application Using Multiple Algorithms; Computer Modeling to Evaluate Detection Capability; L-3 CAARS: Low-Risk Dual-Energy Radiography System; SAIC CAARS: Higher-Risk, Higher-Benefit Dual-Energy Radiography System; AS&E CAARS: Using Backscattered X-Rays to Detect Dense Material; Muon Tomography; Analyzing a Nuclear Weapon with Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence; Detecting SNM at a Distance; (3) Signatures of Plutonium, Highly Enriched Uranium, and Nuclear Weapons; Detecting Signatures of a Nuclear Weapon or SNM; Evasion of Detection Technol. Illus.
Download or read book Human System Integration in the System Development Process written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-06-15 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In April 1991 BusinessWeek ran a cover story entitled, "I Can't Work This ?#!!@ Thing," about the difficulties many people have with consumer products, such as cell phones and VCRs. More than 15 years later, the situation is much the same-but at a very different level of scale. The disconnect between people and technology has had society-wide consequences in the large-scale system accidents from major human error, such as those at Three Mile Island and in Chernobyl. To prevent both the individually annoying and nationally significant consequences, human capabilities and needs must be considered early and throughout system design and development. One challenge for such consideration has been providing the background and data needed for the seamless integration of humans into the design process from various perspectives: human factors engineering, manpower, personnel, training, safety and health, and, in the military, habitability and survivability. This collection of development activities has come to be called human-system integration (HSI). Human-System Integration in the System Development Process reviews in detail more than 20 categories of HSI methods to provide invaluable guidance and information for system designers and developers.
Download or read book Contaminated Sediments in Ports and Waterways written by Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-04-20 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contaminated marine sediments threaten ecosystems, marine resources, and human health. They can have major economic impacts when controversies over risks and costs of sediment management interfere with needs to dredge major ports. Contaminated Sediments in Ports and Waterways examines management and technology issues and provides guidance that will help officials make timely decisions and use technologies effectively. The book includes recommendations with a view toward improving decision making, developing cost-effective technologies, and promoting the successful completion of cleanup projects. The volume assesses the state of practice and research and development status of both short-term and longer-term remediation methods. The committee provides a conceptual overview for risk-based contaminated sediment management that can be used to develop plans that address complex technological, political, and legal issues and the interests of various stakeholders. The book emphasizes the need for proper assessment of conditions at sediment sites and adequate control of contamination sources.
