Download or read book Evaluating Safety Protocols for Manned unmanned Environments Through Agent based Simulation written by Jason Christopher Ryan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in autonomous system capabilities have improved their performance sufficiently to make the integration of unmanned and autonomous vehicles systems into human-centered civilian environments a realistic near-term goal. In these systems, such as the national highway system, mining operations, and manufacturing operations, unmanned and autonomous systems will be required to interact with large numbers of other unmanned vehicle systems as well as with manned vehicles and other human collaborators. While prior research provides information on the different methods of controlling unmanned vehicles and the effects of these methods on individual vehicle behavior, it has typically focused on only a small number of unmanned systems acting in isolation. The qualities that provide the desired behavior of an autonomous system behavior in isolation may not be the same as the characteristics that lead to desirable performance while interacting with multiple heterogeneous actors. Additionally, the integration of autonomous systems may include constraints on operations that limit interactions between manned and unmanned agents. It is not clear which constraints might be most effective in promoting safe operations and how these constraints may interact with unmanned system control architectures. Examining the effects of unmanned systems in these large, complex systems in reality would require significant capital investment and the physical construction and implementation of the un- manned vehicles of interest. Both of these aspects make empirical testing either difficult or impossible to perform and may also limit the ability of testing to fully examine all the parameters of interest in a safe and efficient manner. The objective of this thesis is the creation of a simulation environment that can replicate the behavior of the unmanned vehicle systems, manned vehicles, and human collaborators in the environment in order to enable an exploration of how parameters related to individual actor behavior and actor interactions affect performance. The aircraft carrier flight deck is chosen as an example domain, given that current operations require significant interactions between human collaborators and manned vehicles and current research addresses the development of unmanned vehicle systems for flight deck operations. Because the complexity of interactions be- tween actors makes the creation of closed-form solutions of system behavior difficult, an agent-based modeling approach is taken. First, a list of actors and their characteristic tasks, decision-making processes, states, and parameters for current aircraft carrier flight deck operations was generated. Next, these models were implemented in an object-oriented programming language, enabling the definition of independent tasks, actors, parameters, and states. These models were later extended to incorporate features of unmanned vehicle control architectures by making minor modifications to the state, logic functions, or parameters of current agents (or tasks). This same tactic can be applied by future researchers to further pursue examinations of other in influential aspects of system performance or to adapt the model to other domains. This model, the Multi-Agent Safety and Control Simulation (MASCS), was then compared to data for current flight deck operations to calibrate and partially validate simulation outputs, first addressing an individual vehicle task before proceeding to mission tasks utilizing many vehicles at once. The MASCS model was extended to incorporate models of different unmanned vehicle control architectures and different safety protocols that affect vehicle integration. These features were then tested at different densities of mission operations on the flight deck and compositions (unmanned vs. manned) of missions in order to fully explore the interactions between variables. These results suggest hat productivity on the flight deck is more heavily influenced by the safety protocols that in influence vehicle integration as opposed to the types of unmanned vehicle control architecture employed. Vehicle safety is improved by increasing the number of high-level constraints on operations (e.g. separating unmanned and manned aircraft spatially or temporally), but these high-level constraints may conflict with implicit constraints that are part of crew-vehicle interactions. Additional testing explored the use of MASCS in understanding the effects of changes to the operating environment, independent of changes to unmanned vehicle control architectures and safety protocols, as well as how the simulation can be used to explore the vehicle design space. These results indicate that, at faster operational tempos, latencies in vehicle operations drive significant differences in productivity that are exacerbated by the safety protocols applied to operations. In terms of safety, a tradeoff between slightly increased vehicle safety and significant increases in the risk rate of crew activity is created at faster tempos in this environment. Lastly, the limitations and generalizability of the MASCS model for use in other Heterogeneous Manned-Unmanned Environments (HMUEs) was discussed, along with potential future work to expand the models.

Download or read book Advances in Human Factors in Simulation and Modeling written by Daniel N. Cassenti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on computational modeling and simulation research that advances the current state-of-the-art regarding human factors in this area. It reports on cutting-edge simulators such as virtual and augmented reality, on multisensory environments, and on modeling and simulation methods used in various applications, including surgery, military operations, occupational safety, sports training, education, transportation and robotics. Based on the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Human Factors in Simulation and Modeling, held on July 21–25, 2018, in Orlando, Florida, USA, the book serves as a timely reference guide for researchers and practitioners developing new modeling and simulation tools for analyzing or improving human performance. It also offers a unique resource for modelers seeking insights into human factors research and more feasible and reliable computational tools to foster advances in this exciting research field.

Download or read book List of U S Army Research Institute Research and Technical Publications written by U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Considerations for Safe Store Operation on Manned and Unmanned Vehicles written by AS-1B Aircraft Store Integration Committee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The information presented in this AIR is intended to provide designers of armed unmanned systems with guidelines that may be applied to ensure safe integration and operation of weapons on unmanned platforms. The guidelines have been developed from experiences gained in the design and operation of weapons on manned aircraft that have been accepted by relevant safety authorities in the USA and Europe and proven effective over many years. Whilst the guidelines have been developed from experience with aircraft operations, the concepts are considered equally applicable to non-aircraft systems, such as those used on the surface or undersea environments.This document does not attempt to define or describe a comprehensive safety program for unmanned systems.System Safety is a system characteristic and a non-functional requirement. It has to be addressed at each level of system design, system integration and during each phase of system operation. System safety is achieved when the system operation does not cause inadvertent personnel injuries, destruction of the system or damage to the environment. Section 3 of the document contains an introduction to methods by which the safety of a system can be assessed. Section 4 describes the safety principles commonly applied to the design and operation of weapons on manned aircraft. Section 5 describes how the safety principles established for manned aircraft may be applied to unmanned systems, Section 6 provides conclusions and recommendations. In discussions between SAE ASD committees and customers, it was apparent that there is a lack of common understanding of matters associated with the safety considerations applicable to weapon operation on aircraft. Although numerous safety standards exist, they cover only specific aspects of the subject and there are often misunderstandings on such matters as independence of functions, implementation of safety critical commands and ensuring that adequate safeguards exist where necessary. A short survey of members of AS-1B revealed that there is no single over-arching and comprehensive standardisation or description of the safety features applicable to weapon operation on aircraft, which would facilitate the design and implementation of safe systems.This situation was made all the more apparent when AS-1B was requested by the JAUS committee (AS-4) for guidance in their work associated with adding weapon operation capabilities to Unmanned Ground Systems, or robots in the first place, with future consideration in Unmanned Aerial Systems.This standard is intended to provide an overview of the established safety concepts generally employed on manned combat aircraft for safe operation and release of weapons and to provide recommendations for how these principles may be applied to the operation of weapons on other (unmanned) platforms or robots.

Download or read book Autonomous Agent Based Simulation of a Model Simulating the Human Air Threat Assessment Process written by Baris E. Ozkan and published by . This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Air Defense Laboratory (ADL) Simulation is a software program that models the way an air-defense officer thinks in the threat assessment process. The model uses multi-agent system (MAS) technology and is implemented in Java programming language. This research is a portion of Red Intent Project whose goal is to ultimately implement a model to predict the intent of any given track in the environment. For any air track in the simulation, two sets of agents are created, one for controlling track actions and one for predicting its identity and intent based on information received from track, the geopolitical situation and intelligence. The simulation is also capable of identifying coordinated actions between air tracks. We used three kinds of aircraft behavior in the simulation: civilian, friendly and enemy. Predictor agents are constructed in a layered structure and use "conceptual blending" in their decision-making processes using mental spaces and integration networks. Mental spaces are connected to each other via connectors and connecters trigger tickets. Connectors and Tickets were implemented using the Connector-based Multi Agent System (CMAS) library. This simulation is one of the first applications to use cognitive blending theory for a military application. We demonstrated that agents can create an "integration network" composed of mental spaces" and retrieve any mental space data inside the network immediately without traversing the entire network by using the CMAS library. The results of the tests of the simulation showed that the ADL Simulation can be used as assistant to human air- defense personnel to increase accuracy and decrease reaction time in naval air- threat assessment.

Download or read book Assessment of the Equivalent Level of Safety Requirements for Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles written by Jonathan David Stevenson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research described in this thesis was a concentrated effort to assess the Equivalent Level of Safety (ELOS) of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), in terms of the requirements needed for the small UAV to be considered at least as safe as equivalent manned aircraft operating in the same airspace. However, the concept of ELOS is often quoted without any scientific basis, or without proof that manned aircraft themselves could be considered safe. This is especially true when the recognized limitations of the see-and-avoid principle is considered, which has led to tragic consequences over the past several decades. The primary contribution of this research is an initial attempt to establish quantifiable standards related to the ELOS of small UAVs in non-segregated airspace. A secondary contribution is the development of an improved method for automatically testing Detect, Sense and Avoid (DSA) systems through the use of two UAVs flying a synchronized aerial maneuver algorithm.

Download or read book Roadmap based Techniques for Modeling Group Behaviors in Multi agent Systems written by Samuel Oscar Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulating large numbers of agents, performing complex behaviors in realistic environments is a difficult problem with applications in robotics, computer graphics and animation. A multi-agent system can be a useful tool for studying a range of situations in simulation in order to plan and train for actual events. Systems supporting such simulations can be used to study and train for emergency or disaster scenarios including search and rescue, civilian crowd control, evacuation of a building, and many other training situations. This work describes our approach to multi-agent systems which integrates a roadmap-based approach with agent-based systems for groups of agents performing a wide range of behaviors. The system that we have developed is highly customizable and allows us to study a variety of behaviors and scenarios. The system is tunable in the kinds of agents that can exist and parameters that describe the agents. The agents can have any number of behaviors which dictate how they react throughout a simulation. Aspects that are unique to our approach to multi-agent group behavior are the environmental encoding that the agents use when navigating and the extensive usage of the roadmap in our behavioral framework. Our roadmap-based approach can be utilized to encode both basic and very complex environments which include multi-level buildings, terrains and stadiums. In this work, we develop techniques to improve the simulation of multi-agent systems. The movement strategies we have developed can be used to validate agent movement in a simulated environment and evaluate building designs by varying portions of the environment to see the effect on pedestrian flow. The strategies we develop for searching and tracking improve the ability of agents within our roadmap-based framework to clear areas and track agents in realistic environments. The application focus of this work is on pursuit-evasion and evacuation planning. In pursuit-evasion, one group of agents, the pursuers, attempts to find and capture another set of agents, the evaders. The evaders have a goal of avoiding the pursuers. In evacuation planning, the evacuating agents attempt to find valid paths through potentially complex environments to a safe goal location determined by their environmental knowledge. Another group of agents, the directors may attempt to guide the evacuating agents. These applications require the behaviors created to be tunable to a range of scenarios so they can reflect real-world reactions by agents. They also potentially require interaction and coordination between agents in order to improve the realism of the scenario being studied. These applications illustrate the scalability of our system in terms of the number of agents that can be supported, the kinds of realistic environments that can be handled, and behaviors that can be simulated.

Download or read book Decadal Survey of Civil Aeronautics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-10-27 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. air transportation system is very important for our economic well-being and national security. The nation is also the global leader in civil and military aeronautics, a position that needs to be maintained to help assure a strong future for the domestic and international air transportation system. Strong action is needed, however, to ensure that leadership role continues. To that end, the Congress and NASA requested the NRC to undertake a decadal survey of civil aeronautics research and technology (R&T) priorities that would help NASA fulfill its responsibility to preserve U.S. leadership in aeronautics technology. This report presents a set of strategic objectives for the next decade of R&T. It provides a set of high-priority R&T challengesâ€"-characterized by five common themesâ€"-for both NASA and non-NASA researchers, and an analysis of key barriers that must be overcome to reach the strategic objectives. The report also notes the importance of synergies between civil aeronautics R&T objectives and those of national security.

Download or read book Commerce Business Daily written by and published by . This book was released on 1997-12-31 with total page 1512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book National Academy of Sciences decadal plan for aeronautics hearings written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The National Academy of Sciences Decadal Plan for Aeronautics written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1961-05 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.

Download or read book Sense and Avoid in UAS written by Plamen Angelov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-30 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is increasing interest in the potential of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) and MAV (Micro Air Vehicle) technology and their wide ranging applications including defence missions, reconnaissance and surveillance, border patrol, disaster zone assessment and atmospheric research. High investment levels from the military sector globally is driving research and development and increasing the viability of autonomous platforms as replacements for the remotely piloted vehicles more commonly in use. UAV/UAS pose a number of new challenges, with the autonomy and in particular collision avoidance, detect and avoid, or sense and avoid, as the most challenging one, involving both regulatory and technical issues. Sense and Avoid in UAS: Research and Applications covers the problem of detect, sense and avoid in UAS (Unmanned Aircraft Systems) in depth and combines the theoretical and application results by leading academics and researchers from industry and academia. Key features: Presents a holistic view of the sense and avoid problem in the wider application of autonomous systems Includes information on human factors, regulatory issues and navigation, control, aerodynamics and physics aspects of the sense and avoid problem in UAS Provides professional, scientific and reliable content that is easy to understand, and Includes contributions from leading engineers and researchers in the field Sense and Avoid in UAS: Research and Applications is an invaluable source of original and specialised information. It acts as a reference manual for practising engineers and advanced theoretical researchers and also forms a useful resource for younger engineers and postgraduate students. With its credible sources and thorough review process, Sense and Avoid in UAS: Research and Applications provides a reliable source of information in an area that is fast expanding but scarcely covered.

Download or read book PMS 110 Professional Foundations written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: