Download or read book Evaluating Real world Idle Emissions from Heavy duty Vehicles written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium and Heavy Duty Vehicles Phase Two written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medium- and heavy-duty trucks, motor coaches, and transit buses - collectively, "medium- and heavy-duty vehicles", or MHDVs - are used in every sector of the economy. The fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of MHDVs have become a focus of legislative and regulatory action in the past few years. This study is a follow-on to the National Research Council's 2010 report, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. That report provided a series of findings and recommendations on the development of regulations for reducing fuel consumption of MHDVs. On September 15, 2011, NHTSA and EPA finalized joint Phase I rules to establish a comprehensive Heavy-Duty National Program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption for on-road medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. As NHTSA and EPA began working on a second round of standards, the National Academies issued another report, Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: First Report, providing recommendations for the Phase II standards. This third and final report focuses on a possible third phase of regulations to be promulgated by these agencies in the next decade.

Download or read book Effects of Real world Vehicle Activities and Loads on Heavy duty Diesel Vehicle Emissions written by Christie-Joy Brodrick and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Emissions Control Technology Assessment of Heavy Duty Vehicle Engines written by Charles M. Urban ((Of the Southwest Research Institute, United States Environmental Protection Agency)) and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Emission Control Strategies for the 8 hour Ozone Standard in the Houston and Dallas Areas and a Pilot scale Study of In use Emissions from Heavy duty Diesel Dump Trucks Using a Portable Emissions Monitoring System PEMS written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project had two primary objectives. The first objective was to examine the relative effectiveness of potential new emission control measures, primarily from mobile sources, on 1-hour and 8-hour ozone concentrations and population exposure metrics in the Houston and Dallas areas. The second objective was to conduct a pilot-scale study to examine how portable emissions monitoring system (PEMS) technology can be used to characterize exhaust emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles and equipment during real-world driving conditions. The overall goal of the research was to provide a foundation for effective transportation and air quality policy decisions in eastern Texas. A total of 38 modeling simulations were conducted to examine a range of emission control strategies.

Download or read book Evaluation of Heavy duty Diesel Vehicle Emissions During Cold start and Steady state Idling Conditions and Reduction of Emissions from a Truck stop Electrification Program written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold-start and extended-idling emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) were measured from 24, class-8B, heavy duty diesel vehicles (HDDV8B) using portable emission monitoring equipment. The ratio of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to NOx and the ratio of PM2.5 to total PM were reported. Truck model years ranged from 1992 to 2004. All vehicles were tested in the field during summer and fall months under ambient environmental conditions at low (600-800 rpm) and high (1000 rpm) engine idling speeds with the truck cab air-conditioner operating at "on" and "off" modes. Sampling data thus obtained were used to generate typical average cold-start and extended-idling emission factors and were used to estimate potential emission reductions associated from using Truck Stop Electrification (TSE) Itechnology. Results indicated that cold-start emission rates, which were determined from the first 5-minutes of the cold-start period, were higher than the extended-idling emission rates by factors of 2.5 for CO, 1.5 for NOx and 1.7 for PM2.5 . Overall, the extended-idling emission factors of the present study compared favorable to both the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) values that are recommended for State Implementation Plans (SIP) and average emission factors that were established from a previous review of the literature. In summary, the NOx emission rates were greater than those reported for EPA-SIP purposes and from the literature review by 23.5% and 17.4%, respectively. The PM2.5 emission rates observed in this study were less than those reported for EPA-SIP purposes by 3.8% and were greater than those reported in the literature by 6.3%, respectively. The average extended-idling emission factors for CO, NOx and PM2.5 were 64.5 g/hr, 167 g/hr and 3.51 g/hr, respectively. Electricity utilization and related emissions from TSE were calculated for a coal fired power plant equipped with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology for NOx removal and that meets New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for NOx and PM2.5 emissions. In general, it was found that the cold-start emissions and the emissions from electricity were moderately small in comparison with the extended-idling emissions. Conversely, it was determined that the actual emission savings that could be associated with the TSE technology were 62.4 g/hr for CO, 158 g/hr for NOx and 3.19 g/hr for PM2.5 . Finally, the corrected or actual emission reductions for CO, NOx and PM2.5 using a cold-start period for 5-minutes were approximately 3.2%, 5.0% and 10% less than the extended-idling emission rate, respectively.

Download or read book Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate written by Liyin Shen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 1221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These conference proceedings cover an outstanding view for academics and professionals to share research findings on the latest developments in real estate and construction management. The Chinese Research Institute of Construction Management (CRIOCM) in collaboration with Chongqing University organized CRIOCM2014, the 19th International Symposium on “Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate.” The proceedings collect 105 selected papers addressing the following key themes: Sustainable Urbanization, Sustainable Construction, Urban Construction and Management, Affordable Housing, Urban Land Development and Utilization, Management for Large Infrastructure Projects, Green Construction Materials and Construction Waste Management, Development and Management for Mountainous Towns, Advancement of Construction Project Management, Redevelopment in Disaster Areas, Law and Policies for Construction and Real Estate, Information Technology for Construction Management and Real Estate and lastly Other Topics.

Download or read book Evaluation of Technology to Support a Heavy duty Diesel Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance Program written by Nigel N. Clark and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Freight Truck Anti Idling Strategies for Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is important to identify ways to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in order to combat climate change. Freight trucks emit 5.5 percent of U.S. GHG emissions and one of key sources is long-haul sleeper cab truck engine idling. Some anti-idling strategies, such as auxiliary power unit (APU) and shore-power (SP), have been developed. The objective of this study is to assess the anti-idling techniques taking into account variability in of real-world; to develop a new methodology for measurement and evaluation of such techniques; and to obtain new data. Anti-idling techniques as well as other strategies are assessed based on literature review. For robust assessment for specific situation, a methodology for quantifying real-world truck stop activities and fuel use and emission rates for the base engine and anti-idling techniques is developed. Quantified data are used to estimate avoided fuel use and emissions. Thirty-three potential best practices for freight trucks are assessed. These practices could lead to 28 percent reduction of GHG emissions from 2003 to 2025. Some practices were estimated to have net cost savings concurrent with substantial GHG emission reductions. Sensitivity analysis was used to assess the effects of variability and uncertainty; for example, for APUs GHG emission reductions could vary from 0 to 5 percent. In order to more accurately assess the impact of APUs and SP, a detailed field study was executed. A new methodology was developed to estimate real-world fuel use and emissions of twenty APU-equipped and SP-compatible trucks, divided equally between single drivers and team drivers. Single drivers had 1,520 hours of rest stops per year, which were comparable to the literature estimates but more than those for team drivers. APUs for single and team drivers accounted for 59 and 25 percent, respectively, of idling hours. For two trucks, APUs accounted for 85 percent of idling hours. Double-dipping, which is simultaneous usage of the base engine.

Download or read book Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium and Heavy Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.

Download or read book Evaluating Technologies and Methods to Lower Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Heavy Duty Vehicles written by Cynthia C. Webb and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Operational Evaluation of In use Emissions and Fuel Consumption of B20 Biodiesel Versus Petroleum Diesel fueled Onroad Heavy duty Diesel Dump Trucks and Nonroad Construction Vehicles written by Kangwook Kim and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: Onroad, Nonroad, Heavy-duty, Diesel, Biodiesel, B20, Real-World, Emissions, Construction.

Download or read book Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2005 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Department of the Interior and Related Agencies and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Operational Evaluation of In Use Emissions and Fuel Consumption of B20 Biodiesel Versus Petroleum Diesel Fueled Onroad Heavy duty Diesel Dump Trucks and Nonroad Construction Vehicles written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel vehicles contribute substantially to statewide emissions of NOx, an ozone precursor, and to particulate matter. North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) is conducting a pilot study to demonstrate the use of B20 biodiesel fuel on approximately 1,000 vehicles in selected areas of the state; there are plans to extend the use of B20 fuel to a much larger number of vehicles in all 100 counties in North Carolina. Real-world in-use onroad and nonroad emissions of selected heavy-duty diesel vehicles, including those fueled with B20 biodiesel and petroleum diesel, were measured during normal duty cycles using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). Each vehicle was tested for one day on B20 biodiesel and for one day on petroleum diesel, for a total of 68 days of field measurements. The vehicles were operated by drivers assigned by NCDOT. Each test was conducted over the course of an entire workshift, and there were approximately 2 to 10 duty cycles per shift. Each duty cycle is comprised of a uniquely weighted combination of operating modes based on vehicle speed, acceleration, and typical modes of activities. Average emission rates on a mass per time basis varied substantially among the operating modes. Average fuel use and emissions rates increased 26 to 35 percent when vehicles were loaded versus unloaded. The use of B20 instead of petroleum diesel lead to a slight decrease (approximately 2 to 10 percent depending on the vehicle) in NO emission rate and significant decreases (approximately 10 to 30 percent depending on the vehicle) for opacity, HC, and CO, respectively. These trends are similar to nonroad vehicles. Factors that were responsible for the observed variability in fuel use and emissions include: operating mode, vehicle size, engine tier and size, vehicle weight, and fuel. In particular, emission rates were also found to decrease significantly when comparing newer, higher tier vehicles to older ones. Recommendations were made regarding.

Download or read book Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium and Heavy Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-08-30 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.

Download or read book Environmental Issues in Automotive Industry written by Paulina Golinska and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The automotive industry is one of the most environmental aware manufacturing sectors. Product take-back regulations influence design of the vehicles, production technologies but also the configuration of automotive reverse supply chains. The business practice comes every year closer to the closed loop supply chain concept which completely reuses, remanufactures and recycles all materials. The book covers the emerging environmental issues in automotive industry through the whole product life cycle. Its focus is placed on a multidisciplinary approach. It presents viewpoints of academic and industry personnel on the challenges for implementation of sustainable police in the automotive sector

Download or read book HEAVY DUTY VEHICLE IN USE EMISSION PERFORMANCE written by N. Nylund and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engines for heavy-duty vehicles are emission certified by running engines according to specified load pattern or duty cycle. In the US, the US Heavy-Duty Transient cycle has been in use already for a number of years, and Europe is, according to the requirements of the Directive 1999/96/EC gradually switching to transient-type testing. Evaluating the in-use emission performance of heavy-duty vehicles presents a problem. Taking engines out of vehicles for engine dynamometer testing is difficult and costly. In addition, engine dynamometer testing does not take into account the properties of the vehicle itself (i.e. mass, transmission etc.). It is also debatable, how well the standardized duty cycles reflect real-life -driving patterns. VTT Processes has recently commissioned a new emission laboratory for heavy-duty vehicles. The facility comprises both engine test stand and a fully transient heavy-duty chassis dynamometer. The roller diameter of the dynamometer is 2.5 meters. Regulated emissions are measured using a full-flow CVS system. The HD vehicle chassis dynamometer measurements (emissions, fuel consumption) has been granted accreditation by the Centre of Metrology and Accreditation (MIKES, Finland). A national program to generate emission data on buses has been set up for the years 2002-2004. The target is to generate emission factors for some 50 different buses representing different degree of sophistication (Euro 1 to Euro5/EEV, with and without exhaust gas aftertreatment), different fuel technologies (diesel, natural gas) and different ages (the effect of aging). The work is funded by the Metropolitan Council of Helsinki, Helsinki City Transport, The Ministry of Transport and Communications Finland and the gas company Gasum Oy. The International Association for Natural Gas Vehicles (IANGV) has opted to buy into the project. For IANGV, VTT will deliver comprehensive emission data (including particle size distribution and chemical and biological characterization of particles) for up-to-date diesel and natural gas vehicles. The paper describes the methodology used for the measurements on buses, the test matrix and some preliminary emission data on both regulated and unregulated emissions.