Download or read book Evaluating Potential Overlap Between Pack Stock and Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Ovis Canadensis Sierrae in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks California written by Robert C. Klinger and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interpretation and Implications of Variability in Ecological Systems written by Robert Klinger and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-07-22 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain the dynamics in abundance of individual species, how species interact, how communities assemble, and how interactions between biotic and abiotic processes shape ecosystem stability. Many if not most of these hypotheses find some degree of support, but often only within relatively narrow spatial and temporal ranges. This is because conditions vary over time and from place to place, and so the strength and extent of processes that were the focus of a given a hypothesis become altered by other forces. Ecologists have confronted variability from two perspectives; conceptual and statistical. Conceptually, spatial and temporal variability are now recognized as being scale dependent and hierarchical. Statistically, there are many models that ecologists readily use that account for the hierarchical and scale-dependence of variability present in many datasets. But linking the two perspectives into a meaningful understanding of what variability means in real systems has been much less successful. For example, it is common to see studies where the fixed effects of a generalized linear mixed model are reported, but very often random effects are completely ignored or, at best, given scant attention. The likelihood of this being a significant problem increases greatly in what are rapidly becoming more common studies that utilize datasets spanning long temporal and/or large spatial scales, or when extreme and often unpredictable events (gray and black swans) occur.
Download or read book Outdoor Recreation written by David Huddart and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-25 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook presents a comprehensive overview of the environmental impacts of various types of outdoor recreation, and how these can be best managed. As a field of study, recreational ecology is both multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary, and the authors seek to develop a deeper understanding of both the role and function of the factors that influence visitor numbers and their impact. An accessible and comprehensive textbook, it features numerous types of outdoor recreational activities including hill walking, rock climbing, mountain marathons, skiing, scuba diving and more. Drawn from several global case studies, the authors estimate the current and future numbers involved in outdoor recreation, and how best these numbers can be managed. Effective visitor impact management actions arise from collaboration between recreation ecologists, social scientists, experienced recreation managers, recreation stakeholders and the recreationalists themselves: as such, this book will be multi-disciplinary in scope. This practical and engaging textbook will be invaluable to students and scholars of outdoor recreation and adventure tourism as well as practitioners and managers working in the field.
Download or read book Environmental Assessment for the Restoration of Bighorn Sheep Ovis Canadensis Californiana to the Great Western Divide written by United States. National Park Service and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mountain Sheep Ecosystem Management Strategy in the 11 Western States and Alaska written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Initial Evaluation of Factors Limiting Bighorn Sheep in the Yarrow Castle Region of Alberta written by Michael Jokinen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aspects of Social Organization and Diurnal Activity Patterns of California Bighorn Sheep Ovis Canadensis Californiana Douglas 1829 written by Eccles, Ross and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Draft Recovery Plan for the Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Ovis Canadensis Californiana written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Landscape Level Approaches to Desert Bighorn Sheep Ovis Canadensis Nelsoni Conservation in a Changing Environment written by Tyler Graydon Creech and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landscape characteristics can strongly influence demographic and genetic processes in wildlife populations. Climate change and human land use are causing many landscapes to change rapidly, and the effects on wildlife populations must be understood to properly manage these threats and design effective conservation strategies. In this dissertation, I explored the implications of landscape heterogeneity for desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni), an ecologically and culturally important ungulate species in the southwestern United States, and demonstrated new approaches that can be applied to landscape-level conservation of many wildlife species in changing landscapes. This research focused on populations within and surrounding U.S. national parks, comprising a large portion of the desert bighorn sheep's geographic range, and utilized a genetic dataset including > 1,600 individuals that was developed during this and previous projects. Landscape resistance models have been used extensively to predict potential linkages among fragmented wildlife populations, including desert bighorn sheep, but have rarely been used to guide systematic decision-making such as prioritizing conservation actions to maximize regional connectivity. In Chapter 1, I combined network theory and landscape resistance modeling to prioritize management for connectivity, including protection and restoration of dispersal corridors and habitat patches, in a desert bighorn sheep metapopulation in the Mojave Desert. I constructed network models of genetic connectivity (potential for gene flow) and demographicconnectivity (potential for colonization of empty habitat patches). I found that the type of connectivity and the network metric used to quantify had substantial effects on prioritization results; however, I was able to identify high-priority habitat patches and corridors that were highly ranked across all combinations of the above factors. Potential diet quality varies across landscapes and through time for desert bighorn sheep and other ungulates, but is difficult to measure at fine spatial and temporal resolution using traditional field-based methods. The remotely sensed vegetation index NDVI can potentially overcome these limitations, but its relationship to diet quality has never been empirically validated for desert herbivores. In Chapter 2, I examined how strongly NDVI was associated with diet quality of desert bighorn sheep in the Mojave Desert using fecal nitrogen data from multiple years and populations, and considered the effects of temporal resolution, geographic variability, and NDVI spatial summary statistic. I found that NDVI was more reliably associated with diet quality over the entire growing season than with instantaneous diet quality for a population, and was positively associated with population genetic diversity (a proxy for long-term diet quality). Although NDVI was a useful diet quality indicator for Mojave Desert bighorn sheep, my analysis suggested that it may be unreliable if satellite data are too spatially coarse to detect microhabitats providing high-quality forage, or if diet is strongly influenced by forage items that are weakly correlated with landscape greenness. Landscape genetic studies typically rely on neutral genetic markers to explore gene flow and genetic variation, but the potential for species to adapt to changing landscapes depends on how natural selection influences adaptive genetic variation. In Chapter 3, I optimized landscape resistance models for desert bighorn sheep in three regions with different landscape characteristics, and then used genetic simulations incorporating natural selection to determine how the spread of adaptive variation is influenced by differences among landscapes. Optimized landscape resistance models differed between regions but slope, presence of water barriers, and major roads had the greatest impacts on gene flow. Differences among landscapes strongly influenced the spread of adaptive genetic variation, with faster spread in landscapes with more continuously distributed habitat and when a pre-existing allele (i.e., standing genetic variation) rather than a novel allele (i.e., mutation) served as the source of adaptive genetic variation. Climate change presents a substantial threat to desert bighorn sheep and wildlife worldwide, and adaptation may be required to persist in novel environmental conditions. Knowledge of how adaptive capacity - the potential to cope with climate change by persisting in situ or moving to more suitable ranges or microhabitats - varies across populations is needed to establish conservation priorities for minimizing climate change impacts to individual species. In Chapter 4, I explored variation in the evolutionary component of adaptive capacity for 62 desert bighorn sheep populations on and near U.S. national parks. I measured adaptive capacity of populations as a function of two factors that are strongly associated with the potential for evolutionary adaptation, genetic diversity and connectivity (estimated using a landscape resistance model from Chapter 3). Genetic diversity and connectivity were highly variable across regions and populations. I identified populations with high adaptive capacity that could serve as genetic refugia from climate change impacts (e.g., those in Death Valley and Grand Canyon National Parks), but also populations with low adaptive capacity that may require conservation actions to improve their potential for adaptation (e.g., those in eastern Utah and the southern Mojave Desert). Genetic structure analyses suggested that populations in eastern Utah were genetically distinct from the rest of the study area, likely resulting from restricted gene flow following regional population extinctions. This dissertation highlighted the effects of landscape heterogeneity on genetic and demographic processes in desert bighorn sheep populations. Collectively, the information in these chapters should help guide management of desert bighorn sheep in the face of climate change and human land use. The landscape-level approaches demonstrated here may be useful for managing many other wildlife species.
Download or read book A Study Assessing Forage Quality and Desert Bighorn Sheep Ovis Canadensis Nelsoni Diet in Central Nevada Using Microhistology and Molecular Analysis written by Molly June Bechtel and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) populations in central Nevada have suffered from die-offs although biologists and wildlife managers have struggled to determine the exact cause of these population declines, making population management difficult. An important, often overlooked and under researched element of desert bighorn sheep health is diet and the quality of forage consumed. Using data collected in the Clan Alpine mountain range (a range that supports a population of healthy desert bighorn sheep in central Nevada), this research attempted to first, determine quality of collected forages (grass, shrubs and forbs) collected at five study sites in the range. Forage quality was compared between sites and seasons. Forage types collected were also compared between sites and seasons and correlated to forage quality data. Micro histological analysis and PCR analysis determined the frequency of forage types in desert bighorn sheep fecal samples collected throughout the Clan Alpines. Forage types found in fecal samples were compared seasonally and diversity indices were compared to sites of collection. In general, nutritive values and, with the exception of Selenium, mineral content met minimum domestic sheep nutrient requirements, although some variation was apparent. Collected forage did not vary between sites, but did vary seasonally. Grasses and forbs were collected more in summer than any season and less forage was collected in winter. Shrubs were collected consistently throughout the year. Grass occurred more often in fecal samples collected in spring than any other season according to microhistological analyses. Shrubs varied significantly in spring and winter. Not surprisingly, more forbs were observed in fecal samples collected in spring and summer. In order to compare sites of collection, diversity indices were calculated for project sites and for microhistological results. Diversity indices in both sites and microhistological samples declined in fall and winter. More forbs were determined using PCR analysis than any other forage type. The sample size for PCR analysis was small and significant variation between seasons was not quantifiable. However, it is suggested that because of PCR's ability to identify forage types at a more taxonomically specific level than microhistology (six sequences were identified to species), it was used in combination with microhistological analysis to further determine the diet of desert bighorn sheep. This preliminary data provides a baseline example of nutrition requirements and diet of desert bighorn sheep in the Clan Alpine range. Additionally, the variation in plant collection, nutrient values and mineral quality of forage, as well as the variety of forage types found in bighorn sheep fecal samples reminds managers and biologists alike that a diverse plant community is important for maintaining healthy bighorn sheep herds.
Download or read book Draft Recovery Plan for the Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Ovis Canadensis Californiana written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Plan written by Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Team and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Game Birds of California written by Joseph Grinnell and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Merced Wild and Scenic River Comprehensive Management Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Red Deer written by T. H. Clutton-Brock and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1982-11-15 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red Deer: Behavior and Ecology of Two Sexes is the most extensive study yet available of reproduction in wild vertebrate. The authors synthesize data collected over ten years on a population of individually recognizable red deer, usually regarded as conspecific with the American elk. Their results reveal the extent of sex differences in behavior, reproduction, and ecology and make a substantial contribution to our understanding of sexual selection.
Download or read book National Report on Sustainable Forests written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This site also contains other information about sustainable resource management.
Download or read book Sierra Nevada Forest Plan Amendment Appendices written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
