Download or read book Evaluating Petroleum Systems Using Advanced Geochemistry and Basin Modeling written by Meng He and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, three-dimensional (3-D) basin and petroleum system modeling of the subsurface through geological time has evolved as a major research focus of both the petroleum industry and academia. The major oil companies have independently recognized the need for basin and petroleum system modeling to archive data, facilitate visualization of risk, convert static data into dynamic processed data, and provide an approach to evaluate potential prospects in oil and gas exploration. Basin and petroleum system modeling gives geoscientists the opportunity to examine the dynamics of sedimentary basins and their associated fluids to determine if past conditions were suitable for hydrocarbons to fill potential reservoirs and be preserved there. The success of any exploration campaign requires basin and petroleum system modeling as a methodology to predict the likelihood of success given available data and associated uncertainties. It is not guaranteed that hydrocarbons will be found by drilling a closed subsurface structure. Early petroleum system studies began more than 50 years ago. Geoscientists seek to describe how basins form, fill and deform, focusing mainly on compacting sediments and the resulting rock structures. Since then, tremendous efforts have been concentrated on developing methods to model these geological processes quantitatively. Studies such as applying mathematical algorithms to seismic, stratigraphic, palentologic, petrophysical data, and well logs were employed to reconstruct the evolution of sedimentary basins. In the early 1970s, geochemists developed methods to predict the petroleum generation potentials of source rocks in quantitative terms. After that, they began to use sedimentary basin models as geological frameworks for correlations between hydrocarbons and their potential source rocks. Since then, many concepts have been widely used in the petroleum industry, such as oil system, hydrocarbon system, hydrocarbon machine, and petroleum system. The term "petroleum system" is now commonly used in the industry. A petroleum system comprises a pod of active source rock and the oil and gas derived from it as established by geochemical correlation. The concept embodies all of the geologic elements and processes needed for oil and gas to accumulate. The essential elements include effective source rock, reservoir, seal and overburden rock. The processes include trap formation and the generation, migration and accumulation of petroleum. These elements and processes must occur in a proper order for the organic matter in a source rock to be converted into petroleum and then preserved. Absence of any of those elements can cause a dry prospect. In this dissertation, we use "basin and petroleum system modeling" (BPSM) as a method to track the evolution of a basin through geological time as it fills with sediments that could generate or contain hydrocarbons. We could also use it to evaluate and predict undiscovered conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources and to further understand the controls on petroleum generation, migration, accumulation. In deterministic forward modeling, basin and petroleum system processes are modeled from past to present using inferred starting conditions. Basin and petroleum system modeling is analogous to a reservoir simulation, but BPSM represents dynamic simulation through geological time. All of the dynamic processes in the basin and petroleum system modeling can be examined at several levels, and complexity typically increases with spatial dimensionality. The simplest is 1D modeling which examines burial history at a point location in a pseudowell. Two-dimensional modeling can be used to reconstruct oil and gas generation, migration and accumulation along a cross section. Three-dimensional modeling reconstructs petroleum systems at reservoir and basin scales and has the ability to display the output in 1D, 2D or 3D and through time. In general, which modeling approach is chosen depends on the purpose of the study and the types of problems to be resolved. Basin and petroleum system modeling continues to grow in importance as a tool to understand subsurface geology and basin evolution by integrating key aspects from geochemistry, geology, geophysics and stratigraphy. Among the above key aspects, geochemistry is the most important tool to understand the processes affecting petroleum systems. Better understanding of petroleum systems improves exploration efficiency. The first step in identifying petroleum systems is to characterize and map the geographic distribution of oil and gas types. Geochemical tools such as biomarkers, diamondoids and carbon isotope analysis are used to conduct oil-oil and oil-source correlation, which is key to understand and determine the geographic extent of petroleum systems in the basin. Chapter 1 offers a good example of how basin and petroleum system modeling and geochemistry improve understanding of active petroleum systems in the San Joaquin Basin, California. The modeling results indicate that there could be a deep, previously unrecognized source rock in the study area. Chapter 2 is a detailed unconventional geochemical analysis (i.e., diamondoid analysis, compound-specific isotopes of biomarkers and diamondoids) on petroleum systems in Arctic (Barents Sea and northern Timan Pechora Basin) to investigate deep sources in that area. Cutting-edge geochemical analyses were conducted in this project to identify the oil-oil and oil-source relationships and further understand reservoir filling histories and migration pathways. Since the deep source is at a great depth, thermal cracking always occurred in the source or the deeply buried reservoir, thus generating light hydrocarbons and gas. In addition, we hope to better understand the geochemical characteristics of worldwide Phanerozoic source rocks (Paleozoic source rock in Barents Sea-Timan Pechora area, Mesozoic and Cenozoic source rocks in the Vallecitos syncline in San Joaquin Basin). These results could also provide valuable input data for building basin and petroleum system models in the Arctic area once more data become available. Chapter 1 is a study of using basin modeling and geochemical analysis to evaluate the active source rocks in the Vallecitos syncline, San Joaquin Basin, and improve our understanding of burial history and the timing of hydrocarbon generation. Our earlier 1D modeling indicated that there could be two active source rocks in the syncline: Eocene Kreyenhagen and Cretaceous Moreno formations. The results differ from earlier interpretations that the Kreyenhagen Formation was the only source rock in the Vallecitos syncline, and suggest that the bottom of the Cretaceous Moreno Formation in the syncline reached thermal maturity as early as 42 Ma. The synclinal Eocene Kreyenhagen Formation became thermally mature as early as 19 Ma. Thick (~2 km) overburden rock in the central part of the syncline with additional heating from a thermal anomaly pushed the shallow Eocene Kreyenhagen source rock into the oil window in very recent times. In contrast, the Cretaceous Moreno source rock reached extremely high maturity (past the dry gas window). The 2D model results indicate that the bottom part of the Kreyenhagen Formation is in the mature stage of hydrocarbon generation and that the formation remains immature on the flanks of the present-day syncline. In contrast, the bottom part of the Moreno Formation achieved the gas generation zone and is in the oil generation zone on the flanks of the syncline. Biomarker analysis was conducted on 22 oil samples from the syncline. Source-related biomarkers show two genetic groups, which originated from two different source rocks. The 2D model results are supported by biomarker geochemistry and are also consistent with our earlier 1D burial history model in the Vallecitos syncline. In addition, we identified two potential petroleum systems in the Vallecitos syncline. The basin models for this study were conducted by me and Stephan Graham, Allegra Hosford Scheirer, Carolyn Lampe, Leslie Magoon. The detailed geological data was provided by Stephan Graham. The modeling related references and fundamental data were provided by Allegra Hosford Scheirer, but I conducted the modeling. The geochemical laboratory work and data analysis has been completed by me and supervised by Mike Moldowan and Kenneth Peters. The funding for this project was contributed by Basin and Petroleum System Modeling (BPSM) and molecular organic geochemistry industrial affiliates (MOGIA) programs. This chapter was submitted to Marine and Petroleum Geology with co-authors Stephan Graham, Allegra Hosford Scheirer and Kenneth Peters. All co-authors contributed important ideas, discussion, and guidance. Chapter 2 documents the existing deep source in the Barents Sea and northern Timan-Pechora Basin. Total thirty-four oil samples were analyzed to understand the types and distributions of effective source rocks and evaluate the geographic extent of the petroleum systems in the study area. Taxon-specific, age-related and source--related biomarkers and isotope data provided information on the depositional environment of the source rock, source input, and source age of the oil samples. A relationship between biomarker and diamondoid concentration was used to identify mixed oils having both oil-window and highly cracked components. Compound-specific isotope analyses of diamondoids and n-alkanes were used to deconvolute co-sourced oils and identify deep source rocks in the basin. The results suggest five major source rocks in the Barents Sea and the northern Timan-Pechora Basin: Upper Jurassic shale, Lower-Middle Jurassic shale, Triassic carbonate/shale, Devonian marl and Devonian carbonate. The Upper and Lower-Middle Jurassic source rocks are dominant in the Barents Sea. Triassic source rock consists of carbonate in the ons ...

Download or read book Petroleum and Basin Evolution written by Dietrich H. Welte and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been prepared by the collaborative effort of two somewhat separate technical groups: the researchers at the Institute for Petroleum and Organic Geochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jii lich (KFA), and the technical staff of Integrated Exploration Systems (IES). One of us, Donald R. Baker, from Rice University, Houston, has spent so much time at KFA as a guest scientist and researcher that it is most appropriate for him to contribute to the book. During its more than 20-year history the KFA group has made numerous and significant contributions to the understanding of petroleum evolution. The KFA researchers have emphasized both the field and laboratory approaches to such important problems as source rock recognition and evaluation, oil and gas generation, maturation of organic matter, expulsion and migration of hydrocarbons, and crude oil composition and alteration. IES Jiilich has been a leader in the development and application of numerical simulation (basin modeling) procedures. The cooperation between the two groups has resulted in a very fruitful synergy effect both in the development of modeling software and in its application. The purpose of the present volume developed out of the 1994 publication by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists of a collection of individually authored papers entitled The Petroleum System - From Source to Trap, edited by L. B. Magoon and W. G. Dow.

Download or read book Practical Petroleum Geochemistry for Exploration and Production written by Harry Dembicki and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-08-26 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical Petroleum Geochemistry for Exploration and Production, Second Edition provides readers with a single reference that addresses the principle concepts and applications of petroleum geochemistry used in finding, evaluating, and producing petroleum deposits. The revised volume includes a new chapter on environmental forensic applications of petroleum geochemistry. With the current emphasis on environmental issues (pollution, climate changes, and corporate responsibility), information about how petroleum geochemistry can be used to recognize these problems, determine their source, help identify who is responsible, and how these problems may be mitigated are vital to efficient and economical operation of a project from exploration to production to abandonment. Practical Petroleum Geochemistry for Exploration and Production, Second Edition will continue to serve as a foundational reference to understanding the underpinning of the science, as well as a source of references that the reader can use to find detailed descriptions of methods and protocols. Emphasizes the practical application of geochemistry in solving exploration and production problems Features more than 200 illustrations, tables, diagrams, and case studies to underscore key concepts Authored by an expert geochemist with over 40 years of experience in field-based research, applications, and instruction New edition includes a chapter on environmental issues (impact, climate change, pollution, and corporate responsibility), as well as expanded coverage of topics such as hydrates as unconventional resources; geomicrobial methods (especially DNA analysis) and the use of sea surface slicks from seafloor seeps in surface geochemistry; using GC x GC and asphaltene FTIR in oil correlation studies; and interpretation isotope data for the maturity of thermogenic natural gas

Download or read book Advances in Petroleum Engineering and Petroleum Geochemistry written by Santanu Banerjee and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-11 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume is based on the best papers accepted for presentation during the 1st Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-1), Tunisia 2018. The book is of interest to all researchers in the fields of petroleum engineering, reservoir engineering and petroleum geochemistry. The MENA region accounts for more than 50 percent of the world's hydrocarbon reserves. Despite being the largest oil and gas producer of the world, the MENA countries face routine problems regarding petroleum engineering, reservoir modelling and production optimization. This volume offers an overview of the latest information and ideas regarding reservoir engineering, petrophysical engineering, petroleum system modelling, non-conventional energy resources and environmental impact of oil production. Main topics include: 1. Advances in petrophysical characterization of reservoir rocks2. Enhanced oil recovery methods 3. Advances in petroleum exploration and management 4. Evaluation of hydrocarbon source potential and petroleum system modeling5. Non-conventional energy resources

Download or read book PETROLEUM SYSTEMS ANALYSIS CASE STUDIES written by AbuAli Mahdi A and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Petroleum System written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigations about porosity in petroleum reservoir rocks are discussed by Schmoker and Gautier. Pollastro discusses the uses of clay minerals as exploration tools that help to elucidate basin, source-rock, and reservoir history. The status of fission-track analysis, which is useful for determining the thermal and depositional history of deeply buried sedimentary rocks, is outlined by Naeser. The various ways workers have attempted to determine accurate ancient and present-day subsurface temperatures are summarized with numerous references by Barker. Clayton covers three topics: (1) the role of kinetic modeling in petroleum exploration, (2) biological markers as an indicator of depositional environment of source rocks and composition of crude oils, and (3) geochemistry of sulfur in source rocks and petroleum. Anders and Hite evaluate the current status of evaporite deposits as a source for crude oil.

Download or read book Geology and Geochemistry of Oil and Gas written by L. Buryakovsky and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-10-13 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the progress that is being made through innovations in instrumental measurements of geologic and geochemical systems and their study using modern mathematical modeling. It covers the systems approach to understanding sedimentary rocks and their role in evolution and containment of subsurface fluids. Fundamental aspects of petroleum geology and geochemistry, generation, migration, accumulation, evaluation and production of hydrocarbons are discussed with worldwide examples. Various physical and chemical properties of subsurface waters, crude oils and natural gases are described which is especially important to production engineering. Among various properties of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons the most important are wettability affecting production characteristics and ultimate recovery: relative permeability affecting reservoir fluid flow to the production wells; density differences between immiscible fluids which affects gravity drainage; viscosity of subsurface fluids affecting the relative mobility of each fluid; and fluid chemistry, which affects the absorption, ultimate recovery and monetary value of produced hydrocarbons. Discussion of the formation and accumulation of hydrocarbons includes (1) the changes in the chemical composition of hydrocarbons that originate from the debris of living plants and organisms to form crude oil and natural gas; (2) the origin of hydrocarbons in different areas of a single reservoir; (3) the conditions, which determine the distribution of water, oil and gas in the reservoir; (4) the migration of subsurface fluids until they eventually accumulate in isolated traps; (5) discussion of the traps as a function of sedimentary geology and tectonics. This is based on the systems approach to the specific geologic and geochemical systems using analytical and statistical principles and examples of modern mathematical modeling of static and dynamic systems. * Discusses fundamental aspects of petroleum geology and geochemistry, and generation, migration, accumulation, evaluation and production of hydrocarbons * Presents a systems approach to the specific geologic and geochemical systems

Download or read book Petroleum and Basin Evaluation written by Donald R. Baker and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fundamentals of Basin and Petroleum Systems Modeling written by Thomas Hantschel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-09 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive presentation of methods and algorithms used in basin modeling, this text provides geoscientists and geophysicists with an in-depth view of the underlying theory and includes advanced topics such as probabilistic risk assessment methods.

Download or read book Basin Modeling written by Kenneth E. Peters and published by AAPG. This book was released on 2012-04-20 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This special volume contains a selection of articles presented at the AAPG Hedberg Research Conference on Basin and Petroleum System Modeling (BPSM) held in Napa, California, on May 3-8, 2009."--P. 1.

Download or read book Petroleum Geochemistry and Basin Evaluation written by Gerard Demaison and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thermal Modeling of Petroleum Generation written by Colin Barker and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1996 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petroleum exploration has always been limited by the lack of adequate subsurface control. Exploration problems are usually problems of extrapolation i.e. to greater depth, to laterally equivalent rocks, or back through time.Models are widely used as a way of describing complex geological systems so that they can be treated quantitatively and used as the basis for extrapolations and predictions. Models consider, typically, a simplified geological system that can be described mathematically. It is very important to know what simplifying assumptions have been made, when these assumptions are valid, and under what conditions their use may not be appropriate. This requires an understanding of the concepts involved in building the model and how the model operates.Models are best used as a tool for probing the system and evaluating the sensitivity of the conclusions to possible uncertainties in the values of the input parameters. In a sense, models permit experimental petroleum geochemistry and allow the user to answer the What if? questions e.g. What if the geothermal gradient had been higher in the past? What if the organic matter type had been different?This book provides students, exploration geologists, and others who would like to use the available models, with a general idea of how the models work, what they can do, and what their limitations are.It also provides the information necessary to obtain the input data required by the commercial models.

Download or read book Petroleum Geochemistry written by D. Satyanarayana and published by . This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book on Petroleum Geochemistry the first of its kind in India, is useful for postgraduate students of Science (Geology, Applied Geology, Geophysics, Earth Sciences) and undergraduate students of Engineering and Technology (BE, B.Tech.) undertaking several courses in petroleum science and engineering in the Universities, IIT's and other Institutions. It is also useful to geoscientists, engineers and technologists working in the oil industries dealing with exploration, production and related aspects. The book provides basic information on geochemical processes involved in petroleum generation, migration and accumulation in sedimentary basins, maturation of source rocks, evaluation of their genetic potential and correlations. It deals with the principles and applications of sub-surface geochemical methods including high resolution geochemical technologies for delineation of hydrocarbon kitchens and surface geochemical prospecting of hydrocarbons for prioritising targets for future exploration. In addition to basic principles, the book deals with the occurrence and distribution of petroleum in worldwide sedimentary basins with special reference to Indian basins, geochemical basin modeling and its application to petroleum exploration, application of biomarkers and modern instrumental techniques for characterisation of organic matter in source rocks and identification of their depositional environments. Applications of oil field waters and their role in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations, implications of scale formation and corrosion on drilling equipment and other installations are described comprehensively. Apart from conventional oil and natural gas the need for exploration and exploitation of unconventional petroleum resources such as Coal bed methane (CBM), Gas hydrates, Bituminous sands, Shale gas and Oil shale, Basinal gas and Tight gas sands, their origin, occurrence, characterisation of depositional environments, exploration and production strategies, environmental concerns and worldwide distribution with special emphasis to India are elaborated in detail.

Download or read book Application of Analytical Techniques to Petroleum Systems written by P. Dowey and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cutting-edge techniques have always been utilized in petroleum exploration and production to reduce costs and improve efficiencies. The demand for petroleum in the form of oil and gas is expected to increase for electricity production, transport and chemical production, largely driven by an increase in energy consumption in the developing world. Innovations in analytical methods will continue to play a key role in the industry moving forwards as society shifts towards lower carbon energy systems and more advantaged oil and gas resources are targeted. This volume brings together new analytical approaches and describes how they can be applied to the study of petroleum systems. The papers within this volume cover a wide range of topics and case studies, in the fields of fluid and isotope geochemistry, organic geochemistry, imaging and sediment provenance. The work illustrates how the current, state-of-the-art technology can be effectively utilised to address ongoing challenges in petroleum geoscience.

Download or read book Understanding Oil and Gas Shows and Seals in the Search for Hydrocarbons written by John Dolson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-15 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains in detail how to use oil and gas show information to find hydrocarbons. It covers the basics of exploration methodologies, drilling and mud systems, cuttings and mud gas show evaluation, fundamental log analysis, the pitfalls of log-calculated water saturations, and a complete overview of the use of pressures to understand traps and migration, hydrodynamics, and seal and reservoir quantification using capillary pressure. Also included are techniques for quickly generating pseudo-capillary pressure curves from simple porosity/permeability data, with examples of how to build spreadsheets in Excel, and a complete treatment of fluid inclusion analysis and fluid inclusion stratigraphy to map migration pathways. In addition, petroleum systems modeling and fundamental source rock geochemistry are discussed in depth, particularly in the context of unconventional source rock evaluation and screening tools for entering new plays. The book is heavily illustrated with numerous examples and case histories from the author’s 37 years of exploration experience. The topics covered in this book will give any young geoscientist a quick start on a successful career and serve as a refresher for the more experienced explorer.

Download or read book Geochemistry of Fossil Fuels written by Alain-Yves Huc and published by Editions TECHNIP. This book was released on 2013 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the origin and fate of hydrocarbons in the subsurface was the major endeavor of organic geochemists during the second half of the twentieth century. They succeeded to the point where the deciphered interplaying of elements and processes paved the way for the revolutionary concept of the petroleum system, a unifying paradigm that plays an important role in decision making associated with oil and gas exploration. The chemistry and physics involved have been addressed in a quantitative way and integrated into the other aspects of petroleum geology, giving rise to the development of numerical basin modeling. This book has been designed to offer an overview of different aspects of the geochemistry of fossil fuels, in particular the functioning of a petroleum system. In this respect, it can be viewed as a foundation for approaching basin modeling. This book will be of interest to a large audience including specialists in the field, nonspecialist professionals, and undergraduate and graduate students.

Download or read book Geochemistry in Petroleum Exploration written by Douglas W. Waples and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended primarily as a textbook for geolo gists engaged in petroleum exploration. Its purpose is to introduce the reader to organic geochemistry and to show how to apply geochemistry advantageously in an explora tion program. I have made the explicit assumption that most readers will have a sound background in geology but far less knowledge of, or interest in, chemistry. Be cause there is no need for an exploration geologist to be an expert in organic chemistry, the amount of chemistry used in the book is rather modest. It is, however, often important for a geologist to understand some basic vocab ulary. The emphasis in this book is on applications of geo _chemistry to hydrocarbon exploration. Most of the analyt ical techniques are discussed only briefly, because although a geologist should know what a gas chro matograph is, he or she is unlikely to be asked to repair one. If more detailed knowledge does prove necessary, a laboratory is the proper place to learn. The strengths and weaknesses of the various analytical techniques are discussed so that a geologist will be able to anticipate pitfalls, cull bad data, and choose an appropri ate analytical program. On-the-job experience will prove invaluable in converting the basic information from this text into a practical working knowledge.