Download or read book Evaluating Chlorine and Chlorinated Compounds written by and published by Am Cncl on Science, Health. This book was released on with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chlorine and Health written by Gordon W. Gribble and published by Am Cncl on Science, Health. This book was released on 1995 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Some Drinking water Disinfectants and Contaminants Including Arsenic written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by IARC. This book was released on 2004 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A working group of 23 experts from 13 countries met in Lyon to evaluate the evidence for carcinogenicity of arsenic (mostly naturally occurring) as a contaminant of drinking-water, and of the water-disinfectant chloramine. The working group also evaluated or re-evaluated four chlorination by-products found in drinking-water, namely chloral hydrate, di- and trichloroacetic acids, and 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (also known as MX). High-level exposure to arsenic in drinking-water occurs in some regions such as China, Latin America, Bangladesh and West Bengal. The Working Group reviewed epidemiological studies of human cancer (mainly ecological studies in Taiwan and Chile, and several case-control and cohort studies) in relation to arsenic in drinking-water. Arsenic in drinking-water (primarily inorganic, as arsenate and to a lesser extent arsenite) was evaluated as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) on the basis of sufficient evidence for an increased risk for cancer of the urinary bladder, lung and skin. Studies on inorganic arsenic in experimental animals provided limited evidence for its carcinogenicity, but sufficient evidence was found in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of dimethylarsinic acid (an organic form of arsenic), which produced urinary bladder tumours in rats and lung tumours in mice after oral administration.
Download or read book Evaluating Chlorine and Chlorinated Compounds written by and published by Am Cncl on Science, Health. This book was released on with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chlorine and Chlorine Compounds in the Paper Industry written by Victor Turoski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-09-01 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides essential information on toxicology, risk assessment, analysis, monitoring, human and ecological effects, treatment alternatives, ecosystem health, compliance, and much more.
Download or read book Chlorinated Organic Compounds in the Environment written by Sub Ramamoorthy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-09-17 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides up-to-date information on chlorinated organics in the environment that can be used in monitoring, impact assessment, and decision-making processes. The text assists readers in predicting the potential for organic contamination as well as the critical medium of exposure to the health of the ecosystem and humans. Toxicity profiles provided for each chemical allow for evaluation of the short- and long-term effects on the environment. Discussions of environmental residues and pertinent worldwide regulations help readers compare chloroorganic contamination in different areas and analyze the associated regulatory approaches. Chlorinated Organic Compounds in the Environment begins with an introduction to chlorinated organic compounds and discussions of fate processes and environmental migration, based on their physical properties and processes. Next, the text focuses on chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons; chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons-monocyclic and polycyclic compounds; and chlorinated biocides, phenols, dioxins, and furans in the environment. The North American and International regulations and advisories in the management of chlorinated organic compounds are reviewed in Chapters 3-8. The last two chapters of the book deal with prioritization for regulatory and monitoring assessment and regulatory decision-making processes. A glossary and comprehensive subject index makes terms easy to understand and find throughout the text. Environmental managers, regulatory personnel, scientists, and students will gain a broader understanding of environmental problems and how they can be applied to different disciplines such as chemistry, life sciences, and engineering with this important reference.
Download or read book Chlorinated Drinking water Chlorination By products written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 1991 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by the consumption of chlorinated drinking-water by two chemicals used in the chlorination of drinking-water by a number of halogenated by-products formed when chlorine interacts with organic matter in water and by a selection of other halogenated compounds found in drinking-water. Chlorination was selected for evaluation because of its widespread use and because potentially carcinogenic by-products have been measured in chlorinated water. The book also includes a separate monograph on cobalt and cobalt compounds. The volume opens with a discussion of the many methodological problems that complicate efforts to assess the carcinogenicity of chlorinated water. Against this background the book evaluates the design and findings of all studies relevant to the carcinogenicity assessment of chlorinated drinking-water two chemicals (sodium chlorite and hypochlorite salts) used in the chlorination of water eight of the by-products most frequently measured in drinking-water and three additional halogenated chemicals detected in drinking-water. Because of the formidable methodological obstacles faced by all investigations only one of these substances could be classified: bromodichloromethane was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The final monograph considers data on metallic cobalt, cobalt alloys including cobalt-containing surgical implants and dental devices and cobalt compounds. In view of the strength of evidence linking cobalt metal powder and cobalt[II] oxide to cancer in experimental animals cobalt and cobalt compounds were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans.
Download or read book Chemical biological Implications of Using Chlorine and Ozone for Disinfection written by Robert M. Carlson and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chlorine and the Environment written by Ruth Stringer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to examine comprehensively the chlorine industry and its effects on the environment. It covers not only the history of chlorine production, but also looks at its products, their effects on the global environment, and the international legislation which controls their use, release, and disposal. Individual chapters are dedicated to subjects such as releases of organochlorines into the environment, and the environmental impact of ozone depletion, providing simple explanations of these complex issues. These are backed up with case studies of landmark events in the history of the chlorine industry - for example the Seveso explosion or the Yusho and Yu-Cheng mass poisonings. With a clear, concise text and numerous compilations of critical data, this book will prove an invaluable source reference for environmental scientists, students, and policy makers with an interest in this subject.
Download or read book Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Toxicity of Chlorine to Aquatic Organisms written by S. C. Crumley and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guidance Manual for Disposal of Chlorinated Water written by Maria Tikkanen and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2001 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame Retardant Chemicals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-07-06 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames from matches, cigarette lighters, and candles is one of the leading causes of residential-fire deaths in the United States. These fires accounted for about 16% of civilian fire deaths in 1996. On average, each year since 1990, about 90 deaths (primarily of children), 440 injuries, and property losses amounting to 50 million dollars have resulted from fires caused by the ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames. Certain commercial seating products (such as aircraft and bus seats) are subject to flammability standards and sometimes incorporate FR-treated upholstery cover materials, but there is no federal-government requirement for residential upholstered furniture, and it is generally not treated with FR chemicals. It is estimated that less than 0.2% of all U.S. residential upholstery fabric is treated with flame-retardant (FR) chemicals. The Consumer Product Safety Act of 1972 created the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as an independent federal regulatory agency whose mission is to protect the public from unreasonable risks of injury and death associated with consumer products. CPSC also administers the Flammable Fabrics Act, under which it regulates flammability hazards and the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA), which regulates hazardous substances including chemicals. In 1993, the National Association of State Fire Marshals petitioned CPSC to issue a performance-based flammability standard for upholstered furniture to reduce the risk of residential fires. The Commission granted that portion of the petition relating to small open flame ignition risks. In response to concerns regarding the safety of FR chemicals, Congress, in the fiscal year 1999 appropriations report for CPSC, requested that the National Research Council conduct an independent study of the health risks to consumers posed by exposure to FR chemicals that are likely to be used in residential upholstered furniture to meet a CPSC standard. The National Research Council assigned the project to the Committee on Toxicology (COT) of the Commission on Life Sciences' Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. COT convened the Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals, which prepared this report. Subcommittee members were chosen for their recognized expertise in toxicology, pharmacology, epidemiology, chemistry, exposure assessment, risk assessment, and biostatistics. Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals is organized into 18 chapters and two appendices. Chapter 2 describes the risk assessment process used by the subcommittee in determining the risk associated with potential exposure to the various FR chemicals. Chapter 3 describes the method the subcommittee used to measure and estimate the intensity, frequency, extent, and duration of human exposure to FR chemicals. Chapters 4-19 provide the subcommittee's review and assessment of health risks posed by exposure to each of the 16 FR chemicals. Data gaps and research needs are provided at the end of these chapters.
Download or read book Water Chlorination Environment health and risk written by Robert L. Jolley and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1983 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Chlorination dechlorination Handbook written by Gerald F. Connell and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed to help the wastewater professional apply the science of disinfection using the most up-to-date practices to ensure safety and control odors.
Download or read book Some Chemicals Present in Industrial and Consumer Products Food and Drinking water written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by IARC Monographs on the Evaluat. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the IARC Monographs provides an assessment of the carcinogenicity of 18 chemicals present in industrial and consumer products or food (natural constituents, contaminants, or flavorings) or occurring as water-chlorination by-products. The compounds evaluated include the widely used plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and the food contaminant 4-methylimidazole. In view of the limited agent-specific information available from epidemiological studies, the IARC Monographs Working Group relied mainly on carcinogenicity bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to evaluate the carcinogenic hazards to humans exposed to these agents.
Download or read book Frames in the Toxicity Controversy written by Arnold Tukker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-01-31 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a great deal of controversy about how to deal with man-made chemicals. Environmentalists and industrialists throughout the world clash on such subjects as chlorine, PVC, endocrine disrupters and the precautionary principle. In this book Tukker untangles the controversy. Three chapters relate to long-term evaluations into two hot-spots in the toxicity controversy -- the debates on chlorine in the Netherlands and PVC in Sweden. The book adopts a political-philosophical view, presenting a thorough theoretical analysis of the potential of scientific research to solve controversies, and evaluating the history of the chlorine and PVC controversies. The book combines the quantitative analytical approaches of environmental science with qualitative approaches of policy sciences and the philosophy of science (frame analysis, cultural theory, discourse theory, etc.). It is an accessible analysis of the toxicity debate that will enable scientists, policy makers and others to place their roles in a much wider context within the decision-making process.
Download or read book Formation of Halogenated Organics by Chlorination of Water Supplies written by John Carrell Morris and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
