Download or read book Evaluating Biological Regrowth in Distribution Systems written by Gil F. Crozes and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2000 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Drinking Water Distribution Systems written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-12-22 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.
Download or read book Assessing and Controlling Bacterial Regrowth in Distribution Systems written by and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 1990 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bacterial Growth on Surfaces as a Method for Assessment of Biological Stability of Drinking Water written by Domingo Jolis Olive and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Quality Decay and Pathogen Survival in Drinking Water Distribution Systems written by Precious Thabisile Biyela and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The deterioration of drinking-water quality within distribution systems is a serious cause for concern. Extensive water-quality deterioration often results in violations against regulatory standards and has been linked to water-borne disease outbreaks. The causes for the deterioration of drinking water quality inside distribution systems are not yet fully understood. Mathematical models are often used to analyze how different biological, chemical, and physical phenomena interact and cause water quality deterioration inside distribution systems. In this dissertation research I developed a mathematical model, the Expanded Comprehensive Disinfection and Water Quality (CDWQ-E) model, to track water quality changes in chloraminated water. I then applied CDWQ-E to forecast water quality deterioration trends and the ability of Naegleria fowleri (N.fowleri), a protozoan pathogen, to thrive within drinking-water distribution systems. When used to assess the efficacy of substrate limitation versus disinfection in controlling bacterial growth, CDWQ-E demonstrated that bacterial growth is more effectively controlled by lowering substrate loading into distribution systems than by adding residual disinfectants. High substrate concentrations supported extensive bacterial growth even in the presence of high levels of chloramine. Model results also showed that chloramine decay and oxidation of organic matter increase the pool of available ammonia, and thus have potential to advance nitrification within distribution systems. Without exception, trends predicted by CDWQ-E matched trends observed from experimental studies. When CDWQ-E was used to evaluate the ability N. fowleri to survive in finished drinking water, the model predicted that N. fowleri can survive for extended periods of time in distribution systems. Model results also showed that N. fowleri growth depends on the availability of high bacterial densities in the 105 CFU/mL range. Since HPC levels this high are rarely reported in bulk water, it is clear that in distribution systems biofilms are the prime reservoirs N. fowleri because of their high bacterial densities. Controlled laboratory experiments also showed that drinking water can be a source of N. fowleri, and the main reservoir appeared to be biofilms dominated by bacteria. When introduced to pipe-loops N. fowleri successfully attached to biofilms and survived for 5 months.
Download or read book Microbial Growth in Drinking Water Supplies written by Dick van der Kooij and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2013-09-14 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maintaining the microbial quality in distribution systems and connected installations remains a challenge for the water supply companies all over the world, despite many years of research. This book identifies the main concerns and knowledge gaps related to regrowth and stimulates cooperation in future research. Microbial Growth in Drinking Water Supplies provides an overview of the regrowth issue in different countries and the water quality problems related to regrowth. The book assesses the causes of regrowth in drinking water and the prevention of regrowth by water treatment and distribution. Editors: Dirk van der Kooij and Paul W.J.J. van der Wielen, KWR Watercycle Research Institute, The Netherlands
Download or read book Evaluation of the Microbiology Standards for Drinking Water written by Charles W. Hendricks and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Treatment Plant Performance and Water Quality Data A Guide for Students Researchers and Practitioners written by Marcos von Sperling and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2020-01-15 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the basic principles for evaluating water quality and treatment plant performance in a clear, innovative and didactic way, using a combined approach that involves the interpretation of monitoring data associated with (i) the basic processes that take place in water bodies and in water and wastewater treatment plants and (ii) data management and statistical calculations to allow a deep interpretation of the data. This book is problem-oriented and works from practice to theory, covering most of the information you will need, such as (a) obtaining flow data and working with the concept of loading, (b) organizing sampling programmes and measurements, (c) connecting laboratory analysis to data management, (e) using numerical and graphical methods for describing monitoring data (descriptive statistics), (f) understanding and reporting removal efficiencies, (g) recognizing symmetry and asymmetry in monitoring data (normal and log-normal distributions), (h) evaluating compliance with targets and regulatory standards for effluents and water bodies, (i) making comparisons with the monitoring data (tests of hypothesis), (j) understanding the relationship between monitoring variables (correlation and regression analysis), (k) making water and mass balances, (l) understanding the different loading rates applied to treatment units, (m) learning the principles of reaction kinetics and reactor hydraulics and (n) performing calibration and verification of models. The major concepts are illustrated by 92 fully worked-out examples, which are supported by 75 freely-downloadable Excel spreadsheets. Each chapter concludes with a checklist for your report. If you are a student, researcher or practitioner planning to use or already using treatment plant and water quality monitoring data, then this book is for you! 75 Excel spreadsheets are available to download.
Download or read book Management of Legionella in Water Systems written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-02-20 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legionnaires' disease, a pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium, is the leading cause of reported waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Legionella occur naturally in water from many different environmental sources, but grow rapidly in the warm, stagnant conditions that can be found in engineered water systems such as cooling towers, building plumbing, and hot tubs. Humans are primarily exposed to Legionella through inhalation of contaminated aerosols into the respiratory system. Legionnaires' disease can be fatal, with between 3 and 33 percent of Legionella infections leading to death, and studies show the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in the United States increased five-fold from 2000 to 2017. Management of Legionella in Water Systems reviews the state of science on Legionella contamination of water systems, specifically the ecology and diagnosis. This report explores the process of transmission via water systems, quantification, prevention and control, and policy and training issues that affect the incidence of Legionnaires' disease. It also analyzes existing knowledge gaps and recommends research priorities moving forward.
Download or read book Distribution System Performance Evaluation written by Arun K. Deb and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking written by Jorge W. Santo Domingo and published by Emerging Issues in Food Safety. This book was released on 2007 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a state-of-the-art review of the current technology and applications being utilized to identify sources of fecal contamination in waterways. - Serves as a useful reference for researchers in the food industry, especially scientists investigating etiological agents responsible for food contamination. - Provides background information on MST methods and the assumptions and limitations associated with their use. - Covers a broad range of topics related to MST, including environmental monitoring, public health and national security, population biology, and microbial ecology. - Offers valuable insights into future research directions and technology developments.
Download or read book Impact of UV Disinfection on Biological Stability written by G. Gagnon and published by International Water Assn. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of the research was to evalu
Download or read book Development of Distribution System Water Quality Optimization Plans written by Melinda J. Friedman and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2005 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CD-ROM contains chapter 4 and appendices A & B.
Download or read book Preliminary Assessment of the Interaction of Introduced Biological Agents with Biofilms in Water Distribution Systems written by Michael B. Sinclair and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic research is needed to better understand the potential risk of dangerous biological agents that are unintentionally or intentionally introduced into a water distribution system. We report on our capabilities to conduct such studies and our preliminary investigations. In 2004, the Biofilms Laboratory was initiated for the purpose of conducting applied research related to biofilms with a focus on application, application testing and system-scale research. Capabilities within the laboratory are the ability to grow biofilms formed from known bacteria or biofilms from drinking water. Biofilms can be grown quickly in drip-flow reactors or under conditions more analogous to drinking-water distribution systems in annular reactors. Biofilms can be assessed through standard microbiological techniques (i .e, aerobic plate counts) or with various visualization techniques including epifluorescent and confocal laser scanning microscopy and confocal fluorescence hyperspectral imaging with multivariate analysis. We have demonstrated the ability to grow reproducible Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms in the annular reactor with plate counts on the order of 10{sup 5} and 10{sup 6} CFU/cm{sup 2}. Stationary phase growth is typically reached 5 to 10 days after inoculation. We have also conducted a series of pathogen-introduction experiments, where we have observed that both polystyrene microspheres and Bacillus cereus (as a surrogate for B. anthracis) stay incorporated in the biofilms for the duration of our experiments, which lasted as long as 36 days. These results indicated that biofilms may act as a safe harbor for bio-pathogens in drinking water systems, making it difficult to decontaminate the systems.
Download or read book Heterotrophic Plate Counts and Drinking water Safety written by Bartram J. and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2003-11-06 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text prepared by an international group of experts addresses the 'heterotrophic plate count' test which is widely used in drinking-water assessment: what it detects (and what it does not detect) its direct and indirect health significance and its use in the safety management of drinking water supplies. It includes the consensus statement from an expert review meeting and takes account of the presentations and posters at an international conference on the theme co-sponsored by WHO and NSF-International. It provides valuable information on the utility and the limitations of HPC data in the management and operation of piped water systems as well as other means of providing drinking water to the public. It is of particular value to piped public water suppliers and bottled water suppliers manufacturers and users of water treatment and transmission equipment and inline treatment devices water engineers sanitary and clinical microbiologists and national and local public health officials and regulators of drinking water quality. ...The book will be of great value to the piped public water suppliers bottled water suppliers manufacturers users of water treatment and transmission equipment and online treatment device makers water supply engineers sanitary engineers clinical and water microbiologists national and local public health officials and regulators of drinking-water quality. - Indian Journal of Medical Research
Download or read book Identification of Heterotrophic Bacteria That Colonize Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution Systems written by D. Noguera and published by International Water Assn. This book was released on 2010-07 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project were to (1) identif
Download or read book Environmental Challenges written by Shimson Belkin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the summer of 1999, an international group of experts convened in Jerusalem, Israel, in order to define the major environmental challenges facing humanity at the dawn of the new millennium and - where possible - propose ways of addressing them. Almost 50 selected articles are collected in the present book, which constitutes a striking interdisciplinary combination of state-of-the-art science with the latest views on environmental law, education, and international cooperation. Whilst a major fraction of the book is devoted to water-related issues (water quality monitoring, water and wastewater treatment, water-based international cooperation, and more), other sections deal with timely topics relating to air pollution, biodiversity, conservation, and education. The book is intended for environmental scientists, professionals, and students of all disciplines.
