Download or read book World Drug Report 2019 written by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2019 World Drug Report will include an updated overview of recent trends on production, trafficking and consumption of key illicit drugs. The Report contains a global overview of the baseline data and estimates on drug demand and supply and provides the reference point for information on the drug situation worldwide.

Download or read book Health at a Glance Europe 2020 State of Health in the EU Cycle written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2020 edition of Health at a Glance: Europe focuses on the impact of the COVID‐19 crisis. Chapter 1 provides an initial assessment of the resilience of European health systems to the COVID-19 pandemic and their ability to contain and respond to the worst pandemic in the past century.

Download or read book World Drug Report 2020 written by United Nations and published by . This book was released on 2021-01-06 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on the Household Living Arrangements of Older Persons 2019 Dataset, the World Population Ageing 2020 Highlights will document key patterns and trends of the household living arrangements of older persons around the world.

Download or read book World Drug Report 2007 written by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and published by United Nations. This book was released on 2007-06-27 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report offers one of the most comprehensive insights into global trends in international culture, production, seizure and price of illicit drugs. It examines trends in the world's four major markets: opium and heroin, coca and cocaine, cannabis, and amphetamine-type stimulants. This edition provides an in-depth examination of the link between transnational organized crime and drug trafficking. A detailed statistical appendix on production, prices and consumption completes this book, which gives the reader a comprehensive picture of the world's drug problem.

Download or read book Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.

Download or read book World Report 2020 written by Human Rights Watch and published by Seven Stories Press. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 813 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The best country-by-country assessment of human rights. The human rights records of more than ninety countries and territories are put into perspective in Human Rights Watch's signature yearly report. Reflecting extensive investigative work undertaken by Human Rights Watch staff, in close partnership with domestic human rights activists, the annual World Report is an invaluable resource for journalists, diplomats, and citizens, and is a must-read for anyone interested in the fight to protect human rights in every corner of the globe.

Download or read book Harm Reduction Evidence Impacts and Challenges written by Tim Rhodes (Medical sociologist) and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The EMCDDA's 10th scientific monograph, entitled Harm reduction: evidence, impacts and challenges provides a comprehensive overview of the harm reduction field. Part I of the monograph looks back at the emergence of harm reduction approaches and their diffusion, and explores the concept from different perspectives, including international organisations, academic researchers and drug users. Part II is dedicated to current evidence and impacts of harm reduction and illustrates how the concept has broadened to cover a wide range of behaviours and harms. Part III addresses the current challenges and innovations in the field. The core audience of the monograph comprises policymakers, healthcare professionals working with drug users, as well as the wider interested public -- EU Bookshop.

Download or read book Handbook of Forensic Medicine written by Burkhard Madea and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-08-16 with total page 3306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Der Goldstandard unter den Referenzwerken der Rechtsmedizin In der zweiten Auflage des Handbook of Forensic Medicine vermittelt der Herausgeber Burkhard Madea der Leserschaft einen umfassenden, internationalen Ansatz in der Rechtsmedizin mithilfe eines Teams von Experten aus aller Welt. Das Buch enthält neue Inhalte zu den Themen Tatortuntersuchung, Analyse von Blutfleckenmustern, Terroranschläge, Brandkatastrophen, neue psychoaktive Substanzen und Molekularpathologie sowie einen umfassenden Überblick über sämtliche Aspekte der Rechtsmedizin. In den einzelnen Kapiteln werden alle Faktoren der Qualitätskontrolle und Best Practices behandelt. Anhand von Fallstudien werden die dort erläuterten Konzepte veranschaulicht und die Verbindungen zwischen verschiedenen Teildisziplinen hervorgehoben. Für Spezialisten, die täglich im Einsatz sind, werden in jedem Kapitel die Elemente der Routineanalyse behandelt. In der zweiten Auflage des Handbook of Forensic Medicine werden die neuesten Entwicklungen in der forensischen Molekularbiologie, der forensischen Toxikologie, der Molekularpathologie und der Immunhistochemie besprochen. Darüber hinaus bietet das Werk: * Eine gründliche Einführung in die Aufgaben der Rechtsmedizin in der modernen Gesellschaft mit einer Darstellung der internationalen Richtlinien und Akkreditierungen in der Rechtsmedizin * Umfassende Betrachtungen der medizinischen Aspekte des Todes, insbesondere des Wesens und der Definition von Tod, Autopsie und der Identifizierung der Opfer von Massenkatastrophen * Praktische Erörterungen zur Traumatologie und zum gewaltsamen Tod, insbesondere durch Ersticken, Stromschlag und Blitzschlag, Kindstötung und ärztliche Kunstfehler * Tiefgreifende Untersuchungen zum plötzlichen und unerwarteten Tod aus natürlichen Gründen, auch zur Biochemie nach dem Tod Dieses Buch ist unverzichtbar für jeden Experten in der Rechtsmedizin, Toxikologie und Hämogenetik sowie für alle, die Gutachten für Gerichtsverfahren erstellen sollen. Auch für Rechtsanwälte und Jurastudenten ist es ein ideales Nachschlagewerk.

Download or read book The Impact of Global Drug Policy on Women written by Julia Buxton and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ebook edition of this title is Open Access and freely available to read online. Examining the impact of drug criminalisation on a previously overlooked demographic, this book argues that women are disproportionately affected by a flawed policy approach.

Download or read book Doing Business 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.

Download or read book Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions written by Vinood B. Patel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-17 with total page 3261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Substance misuse and addictions are a public health issue. They affect the well-being of each community and nation as a whole. It is, therefore, necessary to identify, educate, and treat individuals who are addicted to substances. Policies and procedures go hand-in-hand with public health education and safety. The science behind the public health issues of one drug may be applicable to other drugs as well. However, marshalling all of the aforementioned information into a single source is somewhat difficult due to the wide array of material. The Editors address this by compiling the research in this single reference work that serves as a "one-stop-shopping" approach to everything readers need to know about the scientific basis of public health and addictions and agents of misuse. Apart from active agents that have a plant or chemical basis, there is a need to consider that there are other forms of addiction which may have common modes of causality or prevention. These include food addiction, gaming, gambling, and other non-drug addictions. These types of addiction may be related to the addiction of drugs. The Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions: From Biology to Public Health offers a holistic understanding of the relationship between public health and substance misuse. The text provides a common platform upon which other forms of addiction or substance misuse can be understood and treated. Addiction processes involve understanding the biological processes as well as behavior, psychology, sociology, and public health, all of which are interlinked. This Handbook is a useful reference for lecturers, students, researchers, practitioners, and other professionals in public health, addiction science, epidemiology, health education, health promotion, and health sciences.

Download or read book Novel Psychoactive Substances written by Paul I. Dargan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-09-06 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel Psychoactive Substances: Classification, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Second Edition provides readers with a comprehensive examination on the classification, detection, supply and availability of novel psychoactive substances, otherwise known as "legal highs." The book covers individual classes of novel psychoactive substances that have recently emerged onto the recreational drug scene and provides an overview of the pharmacology of the substance and a discussion of their associated acute and chronic harm and toxicity. This second edition addresses drugs new to the scene, with completely updated and revised chapters. Written by international experts in the field, this multi-authored book is an essential reference for scientists, clinicians, academics, and regulatory and law enforcement professionals. - Includes chapters written by international experts in the field - Presents a comprehensive overview on the classification, detection, availability and supply of novel psychoactive substances, in addition to the pharmacology and toxicology associated with the substance - Offers a single source for all interested parties working in this area, including scientists, academics, clinicians, law enforcement and regulatory agencies - Provides a full treatment of novel psychoactive substances that have recently emerged onto the recreational drug scene, including amphetamines and the synthetic cannabinoid receptors in 'spice' and 'K2'

Download or read book Opioids written by Silvia L. Cruz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-03 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Opioids are responsible for the vast majority of preventable deaths related to drug use, and opioid crisis is a serious international health problem. Opioids are also the mainstay in pain treatment and are invaluable tools in palliative care. The purpose of this book is to present an overview of the complex field of opioid pharmacology through evidence-based chapters in clear language backed up with sound scientific evidence, providing researchers and health professionals with a firm understanding of their effects and mechanisms of action. The authors present an overview of the history of opioids from ancient civilizations to the current opioid crisis, covering state-of-the-art advances on opioid-induced signal transduction, opioids in pain management, and the neuroinflammatory effects of opioids. Also discussed are opioid use disorders and their treatment. The authors also review the growing body of evidence of opioid effects on innate and adaptive immune responses, discussing the molecules involved in the crosstalk between opioids and innate immunity receptors to provide an updated view of those compounds as important regulators of inflammation and host defense against pathogens and damage. The overall purpose is to provide the reader with a deeper knowledge of this field despite the complexities associated with the existence of numerous ligands, receptor subtypes, and complex pharmacological profiles. To this end, the chapter authors are specialists in the field who also have extensive experience in teaching, hoping to lend their expertise in translating complex concepts into comprehensive and clear explanations.

Download or read book State of Health in the EU Finland Country Health Profile 2021 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-13 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Finland as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system. This edition has a special focus on the impact of COVID‐19.

Download or read book An insight into the metabolism of New Psychoactive Substances written by Jakob Wallgren and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-09 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) is an umbrella term covering hundreds of substances across different drug groups. Many of these substances were originally developed for therapeutic use but have later appeared on the recreational drug market. The use of NPS has been associated with many outbreaks leading to hospitalizations and has been implicated in numerous fatalities worldwide. To be able to analytically detect drugs in a forensic setting is vital in the fight against the abuse of NPS. One of the most notable challenges in detection of NPS is the identification of major urinary metabolites for use as biomarkers. Furthermore, given the lack of reference standards in most metabolism studies, the major urinary metabolites can often only be tentatively determined. This thesis describes the synthesis and analysis of potential metabolites used to identify the exact structures of major metabolites of the synthetic cannabinoid AKB-48, fentanyl and five fentanyl analogues in authentic human urine samples and/or hepatocyte incubations. Synthetic targets were chosen based on previous metabolism studies by our research group. Subsequently, synthetic routes were developed to produce numerous potential metabolites across the studied NPS. The synthesized reference standards were analyzed by LC-QTOF-MS alongside hepatocyte drug incubations and authentic human urine samples. Comparison of the resulting analytical data was used to determine the exact structures of many metabolites. This includes urinary metabolites of AKB-48 with a single hydroxyl group situated on a secondary carbon of the adamantane moiety, or position 3 or 5 of the pentyl side chain. For the studied fentanyls, the ?-OH and the 4’-OH metabolites were abundant metabolites identified in hepatocyte incubations while the 4’-OH, 4’-OH-3’-OMe and 3’,4’-diOH were the favored metabolic motifs among the metabolites identified in urine. Additionally, a concise synthetic route to produce synthetic cannabinoid metabolites with the 4-OH-5F pentyl side chain motif was developed and demonstrated for four synthetic cannabinoids. These findings and the developed synthetic routes can be used to provide forensic toxicology laboratories with urinary biomarkers for drug detection. Moreover, the synthesized reference standards of major metabolites can be studied to better understand the toxicity of their parent drugs. Nya psykoaktiva substanser (NPS) är det officiella namnet för den grupp droger som tidigare har kallats för designerdroger, nätdroger eller internetdroger. NPS definieras som droger som utgör ett likvärdigt hot mot folkhälsan som droger som återfinns på Förenta Nationernas narkotikakonventioner men som själva inte återfinns under dessa konventioner. Det finns hundratals olika rapporterade NPS spridda över olika droggrupper, såsom syntetiska cannabinoider och syntetiska opioider. Vissa av dessa droger syntetiserades ursprungligen i forskningssyfte, men tog sig senare in på den illegala drogmarknaden. De mer nyligen framtagna NPS är ofta designade att efterlikna effekterna av etablerade droger, såsom morfin eller ?9-THC, vilket är den huvudsakliga psykoaktiva substansen i cannabis. Användandet av NPS har associerats till många kluster av intoxikationer som har lett till hospitaliseringar. Många har även dött till följd av användandet av NPS. Inte minst i USA där en grupp av NPS kallad för fentanylanaloger är högst delaktig i den pågående opioidkrisen. Den ständiga inströmningen av nya NPS leder till att detektion av och diskriminering mellan dem utgör en svår utmaning för forensiska toxikologilaboratorier. Tillgången av lämpliga referenssubstanser möter inte deras efterfrågan, delvis på grund av att vilka biomarkörer som är optimala för drogdetektion inte alltid är uppenbart. Till exempel så är metabolismen av syntetiska cannabinoider i regel både snabb och omfattande. Av den anledningen kan användandet av modersubstansen som biomarkör vid analys av urin leda till falskt negativa resultat. Urin som biologisk matris har många fördelar jämfört med blod. Till exempel så har urin ett längre detektionsfönster och högre drogkoncentrationer. För att kunna identifiera optimala biomarkörer för droganalys av urinprover så måste drogernas metabolism utredas. De flesta metabolismstudier använder sig av humana levermikrosomer eller hepatocyter som inkuberas tillsammans med droger för att generera metaboliter in vitro. Urinprover från individer i vilkas blod det har återfunnits droger används också men tillgången är tyvärr begränsad. Dessa metaboliter separeras sedan med hjälp av kromatografiska tekniker och deras kemiska strukturer bestäms med hjälp av masspektrometri. Dock så är utvärderingen av masspektrometridata komplicerad och det är heller inte möjligt att skilja på vissa positionsisomerer genom att enbart analysera masspektrometridata. För att kunna möjliggöra exakt strukturutredning så krävs referensstandarder. Därför var målet med denna avhandling att addera syntes och analys av referensstandarder till de etablerade tillvägagångssätten att studera metabolismen av NPS. Ett stort antal potentiella metaboliter av AKB-48 och andra syntetiska cannabinoider samt av fentanyl och fentanylanaloger syntetiserades. Genom att använda dessa referensstandarder i metabolismstudier så kunde de exakta kemiska strukturerna för många metaboliter bestämmas. Dessutom så identifierades mönster i de metaboliska profilerna bland fentanyl och fentanylanaloger. Dessa mönster kan användas för att förbättra predikteringen av metaboliter för andra nuvarande och kommande fentanylanaloger. Dessa resultat samt de utvecklade syntesvägarna kan nyttjas i framställningen av referenssubstanser i syfte att användas som biomarkörer för att i urin kunna detektera drogmissbruk. Referenssubstanserna kan även användas för att studera metaboliternas farmakologiska egenskaper vilket kan leda till en djupare förståelse kring toxiciteten hos modersubstanserna.

Download or read book Stimulant Use and Addictive Disorder written by Qi Wang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-02 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cannabis Spain s Seven Sins written by Barón de Vallescusa and published by Barón de Vallescusa. This book was released on 2022-01-19 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cannabis, or hemp, being just a plant, is illegal in Spain: its use, possession and trade can be punished with prison sentences. Is that because of health reasons, because cannabis can be harmful? This essay will demonstrate that that is not the reason. Is cannabis illegal because it’s addictive? Because it’s psychoactive? Because it’s a drug? Again, no, and this essay will unveil why cannabis constitutes one of the most important crops for humanity, and the actual reasons that lead to its criminalisation. More than 250 million people in the world used drugs in 2018, according to the UN World Report on Drugs. Of all of them, the most popular is cannabis. In Spain, according to the 2020 European Drug Report, in the year 2017, more than five and a half million people used illegal drugs; beyond that year, the number of adults admitting to having used illegal drugs at least once in their lives reaches 35%, some 16 million people. These figures are a cause of concern for an ample spectrum of society, which link drug use to severe damages to physical and mental health and personal relations, economic ruin, and, ultimately, death. This essay primarily focuses on the history and legal status of cannabis in Spain, but the majority of facts and conclusions could be extrapolated to other drugs and countries, and it’s based on the latest scientific and medical research and statistics; but, above all, this essay unveils a conspiracy whose consequences negatively impact the general public in Spain, in a number of different aspects ranging from health, to politics, to corruption, to the economy, to the media, and to the rights enshrined in the Spanish Constitution of 1978.