Download or read book Polish Perspectives on Communism written by Bogdan Szlachta and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2004 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors in this anthology dispel the illusion that if communism failed in Russia it was due to an accident of history, having been tried in the wrong country and implemented by incompetent leaders. The evidence presented here should demonstrate that its failure was not only inevitable, but also anticipated long before it occurred.

Download or read book National Union Catalog written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes entries for maps and atlases.

Download or read book Host Bibliographic Record for Boundwith Item Barcode 30112072131219 and Others written by and published by . This book was released on 1839 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Collection Survey written by Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Towards a Protestant Theology of Religions written by Paul F. Knitter and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Publishers Circular written by Sampson Low and published by . This book was released on 1863 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbuch Der Weltliteratur written by Hanns Wilhelm Eppelsheimer and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book sterreicher Der Gegenwart written by Robert Teichl and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book European Biographical Directory written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

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Download or read book Publishers circular and booksellers record written by and published by . This book was released on 1863 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Publishers Circular and General Record of British and Foreign Literature and Booksellers Record written by and published by . This book was released on 1864 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

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Download or read book The academy written by and published by . This book was released on 1886 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bulletin international de la science contemporaine written by and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speculum scientiarum; international bulletin of contemporary scholarship; bulletin international de la science contemporaine.

Download or read book Dictionary Catalog of the Research Libraries of the New York Public Library 1911 1971 written by New York Public Library. Research Libraries and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Paper Machines written by Markus Krajewski and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-08-19 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why the card catalog—a “paper machine” with rearrangeable elements—can be regarded as a precursor of the computer. Today on almost every desk in every office sits a computer. Eighty years ago, desktops were equipped with a nonelectronic data processing machine: a card file. In Paper Machines, Markus Krajewski traces the evolution of this proto-computer of rearrangeable parts (file cards) that became ubiquitous in offices between the world wars. The story begins with Konrad Gessner, a sixteenth-century Swiss polymath who described a new method of processing data: to cut up a sheet of handwritten notes into slips of paper, with one fact or topic per slip, and arrange as desired. In the late eighteenth century, the card catalog became the librarian's answer to the threat of information overload. Then, at the turn of the twentieth century, business adopted the technology of the card catalog as a bookkeeping tool. Krajewski explores this conceptual development and casts the card file as a “universal paper machine” that accomplishes the basic operations of Turing's universal discrete machine: storing, processing, and transferring data. In telling his story, Krajewski takes the reader on a number of illuminating detours, telling us, for example, that the card catalog and the numbered street address emerged at the same time in the same city (Vienna), and that Harvard University's home-grown cataloging system grew out of a librarian's laziness; and that Melvil Dewey (originator of the Dewey Decimal System) helped bring about the technology transfer of card files to business.