Download or read book EU Tobacco Industry agreements and beyond written by Marina Foltea and published by Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN. This book was released on 2020-03-26 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Podejmowane od około 2001 r. próby pociągnięcia do odpowiedzialności międzynarodowych producentów tytoniu za wyroby tytoniowe pochodzące z ich łańcuchów dostaw doprowadziły do zawarcia umów o współpracy z Unią Europejską (UE) i jej państwami członkowskimi. Porozumienia te przyczyniły się do znacznego ograniczenia nielegalnego handlu produktami tytoniowymi w Europie. Dynamika rynku spowodowała jednak zastąpienie produktów tych producentów podobnymi – nielegalnymi wyrobami. W swojej monografii dr Marina Foltea poddała analizie rolę, jaką odegrały porozumienia branżowe w zwalczaniu nielegalnego handlu w UE, jak wygląda rzeczywistość po zawarciu umowy oraz jaka jest i jaka może być w przyszłości rola pozostałych lub podobnych umów na poziomie UE lub państw członkowskich. Wskazując na korzyści dla stron czterech umów branżowych (z Philip Morris International Inc. (PMI) z 9 lipca 2004 r.; z Japan Tobacco International (JTI) z 14 grudnia 2007 r.; z British American Tobacco Holdings (BAT) z 15 lipca 2010 r.; oraz z Imperial Tobacco Limited (ITL) z 27 września 2010 r.), autorka wskazała na ich krytykę oraz ocenę techniczną Komisji Europejskiej. Ramowa konwencja WHO o ograniczeniu użycia tytoniu (FCTC) – zwłaszcza art. 5.3 – i jej późniejszy protokół w sprawie nielegalnego handlu (ITP) miały znaczący wpływ na rozwój współpracy UE i państw członkowskich z legalnym przemysłem tytoniowym. Pojawienie się szeregu nowych instrumentów zwalczania nielegalnego handlu, wymusił przegląd zawartych umów z producentami branży tytoniowej. Dalsze działania zostały określone w unijnej dyrektywie w sprawie wyrobów tytoniowych z 2014 r. Zmiany te rodzą istotne pytania dotyczące dalszych działań: Jaka jest historia i jakie wnioski wyciąga się z umów branżowych? Czy ich korzyści są w pełni uwzględnione w TPD 2014? Czy nadal istnieje możliwość współpracy z legalnym przemysłem tytoniowym i jakie wyzwania należy pokonać w tym obszarze? Analizując obecne trendy dotyczące nielegalnego handlu wyrobami tytoniowymi w Unii Europejskiej, dr Foltea sformułowała zalecenia dotyczące optymalnych relacji między UE a podmiotami z branży przemysłu tytoniowego.
Download or read book The Single European Market and Beyond written by Professor Dennis Swann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-08-15 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines what the single market actually entails and looks at the other issues and implications of the Single Europe Act. It considers the economic, fiscal, social and political dimensions of European unification.
Download or read book Andorra and the European Union written by Michael Emerson and published by CEPS. This book was released on 2007 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Common Agricultural Policy beyond the MacSharry Reform written by C. Folmer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) which is now being implemented, reduces the support for a selected number of agricultural products. This book uses welfare theory and applied general equilibrium analysis to assess the medium to long term consequences of this reform, if the new policies remain in place until the beginning of the next century. It analyses the implications of two alternative scenarios: a) a further trade liberalisation covering all commodities; and b) increased protectionism with high prices, constraints on production and export subsidies (financed by the farmers themselves). The study also investigates the implications of financial renationalisation, whereby the European Union member-states would cover the costs of their own support measures.
Download or read book Prospects and Risks Beyond EU Enlargement written by Iris Kempe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the European Union ́s upcoming eastern enlargement, Europe is confronted with the necessity of creating security and stability beyond the EU borders in Eastern and Southeastern Europe. This task includes not only numerous risks but also opportunities to face the challenges of the 21st century. This volume provides policy-oriented recommendations and differentiated insider knowledge about the regional situation in Russia, Ukraine, Moldova and Belarus. Authors from the region analyze policies by state and by key issues such as energy, transportation, the future of Kaliningrad or the regional hot spot in Trandniestria. A concept for a "Multi-Layered Europe" is developed for the strategic dilemmas concerning the current debate on "WIder Europe." The unique alliance between analytical output and strategic thinking makes the book valuable for the academic community and for persons responsible for Europe ́s future.
Download or read book Smoker beyond the Sea written by Juan José Baldrich and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2022-10-21 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this groundbreaking volume, Juan José Baldrich traces the deep changes affecting Puerto Rican tobacco growers and manufacturers and their export markets from the Spanish colonization of the island to the present. Based on more than twenty years of research in the United States and Puerto Rico, the book sheds light on the important history of tobacco in Puerto Rico while highlighting the people and practices that have indelibly shaped Puerto Rico and its culture. Smoker beyond the Sea: The Story of Puerto Rican Tobacco is a work of recovery that examines tobacco’s transitions from medicinal use to rolls fit for chewing and pipe smoking, followed by the appropriation of the Cuban paradigm for cigars and cigarettes, and, finally, to the US models after the 1898 invasion. This pioneering volume also offers the only history of the US tobacco monopoly in local agriculture and manufacture from its beginning in 1899 to the bankruptcy of its last successor company forty years later. Baldrich's extensive research documents the organization of the cigar and cigarette manufacturing sectors and the resulting development of trade unions and socialist ideals. This multidisciplinary investigation gives due attention to the modifications that farmers made to tobacco planting and harvesting techniques in fine-tuning plants to the expected aromas and tastes of the manufactured commodities. In addition, Baldrich pays considerable attention to gender relations in the labor process, not only in the manufacturing sector but also in tobacco agriculture. The book also provides the only narrative of the rise and maturity of the Hermanos Cheos, a powerful apocalyptical movement that began and spread in the tobacco growing regions. Ultimately, this encompassing volume fills a major gap in the histories of tobacco-producing islands in the Caribbean.
Download or read book Europe Beyond 2000 written by William Nicoll and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enlargement of the European Union to the East is an issue to figure in the Union's work and politics well into the 21st century. In this work, the countries of Eastern and Central Europe explain their objectives and describe preparations they are making for membership. The pre-accession strategy of the European Commission and its formal opinions on the applications are discussed, and practioners who have been involved in the transitions to democracy and the market economy in Eastern Europe outline their experiences and expectations.
Download or read book WHO Technical Manual on Tobacco Tax Administration written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use is the single largest cause of preventable death globally, killing more than five million people each year. Tobacco use also creates considerable economic costs, from greater spending on health care to treat the diseases it brings on in users and those exposed to tobacco smoke to the lost productivity resulting from the premature deaths it causes. Of all the many interventions for reducing tobacco use, a significant increase in tobacco product taxes and prices has been demonstrated to be the single most effective and cost-effective intervention, particularly among the poor and the young. At the same time, because of the inelasticity of demand for tobacco products in most countries and the low share of tax in price in many, significant increases in tobacco taxes generate significant increases in the revenues generated by these taxes. This technical manual aims to help governments achieve both objectives by identifying a set of "best practices" for tobacco taxation. It documents governments' existing approaches to tobacco taxation, discusses barriers to using tobacco taxes to achieve health and revenue objectives, and provides case studies of effective tobacco tax administration. This manual is intended to be useful to tax administrators at the Ministry of Finance level by making them aware of the practices used and challenges faced by other countries. It will also be useful to officials in a country's Ministry of Health or similar organizations by providing them with a more thorough understanding of key issues in tax structure and administration.
Download or read book Prospects and Risks Beyond EU Enlargement written by Wim van Meurs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the European Union ́s upcoming eastern enlargement, Europe is confronted with the necessity of creating security and stability beyond the EU borders in Eastern and Southeastern Europe. This task includes not only numerous risks but also opportunities to face the challenges of the 21st century. This volume provides policy-oriented recommendations and differentiated assessments for all nine states and entities of the region, as well as for the policy areas of governance, economy and security. The authors explore the unintended consequences and side-effects of massive support for reforms and external influence on weak states. A concept for a "Mulit-Layered Europe" is developed for the strategic dilemmas concerning the current debate on "Wilder Europe". The unique alliance between analytical output and strategic thinking makes the book valuable for the academic community and for persons responsible for Europe ́s future. The volume is one of two from a joint project on "Security in Europa and beyond its borders" of the Bertelsmann Foundation in Guetersloh and the Center for Applied Policy Research in Munich.
Download or read book The Battle for Standardised Cigarette Packaging in Europe written by Benjamin Hawkins and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-26 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is essential reading for researchers of tobacco policy change. Too many studies simply complain that change is too slow because tobacco companies are too powerful and politicians lack the will to challenge them. This book goes much further, to help us understand not just industry strategy but the policy processes in which policy advocates engage, learn from each other, and help create essential global tobacco policy change." Paul Cairney, University of Stirling, UK "This book is rare in making genuinely significant contributions across both public health and policy studies. By focusing on the battle for standardised packs, it engagingly addresses one of the most prominent recent innovations in health policy that has relevance both beyond Europe and across multiple spheres of health policy. In doing so, it also offers an innovative analysis of the role of transnational corporations in policy transfer."Jeff Collin, University of Edinburgh, UK This book analyses the battle for standardised cigarette packaging (‘plain packaging’) in Europe, drawing on the concepts of multi-level governance and policy transfer. It analyses the strategies of policy makers, non-governmental organisations and transnational tobacco companies in attempting either to advance or to block the introduction of standardised packaging. Taking a global and multi-level approach, it analyses these struggles within European Union institutions, EU member states, and across jurisdictions, as NGOs and tobacco companies worked transnationally to counter each other. As well as presenting original empirical research detailing these policy battles, the book provides new theoretical insights into policy transfer processes, particularly within multi-level polities, showing how transnational corporations can have dramatic effects on these processes. The book will appeal equally to public health researchers, policy analysts and political scientists.
Download or read book The Constitutional Foundations of European Contract Law written by Kathleen Gutman and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Situated within the context of the ongoing debate about European contract law, this book provides a detailed examination of the European Union's competence in the field of contract law. It analyses the limits of Union competence in relation to several relevant Treaty provisions which potentially confer competence on the Union to adopt a comprehensive contract law instrument and the exercise of Union competence in connection with the operation of the principles of subsidiarity, proportionality and sincere cooperation. It also explores the viability of several alternative and complementary routes to the adoption of such an instrument, including enhanced cooperation, an intergovernmental treaty and certain American techniques. Setting forth an elaborate account of the context for this debate and its chronological development at the European level, this book charts the discussions relating to the European Union's competence to regulate contract law and offers a comparative analysis of the approach taken to the approximation of contract law in the American setting. Setting forth a detailed account of the context for this debate and its chronological development at the European level, the book charts the discussions that have occurred within and outside the EU relating to the transnational competence to regulate contract law. Situating European constitutional law within the continued debate about European contract law, it also reflects upon the contract law structure of the United States and examines the viability of alternative and complementary routes to the adoption of a comprehensive instrument of substantive contract law.
Download or read book The Emergence of EU Contract Law written by Lucinda Miller and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of a pan-European contract law is one of the most significant legal developments in Europe today. The Emergence of EU Contract Law: Exploring Europeanization examines the origins of the discipline and its subsequent evolution. It brings the discussion up-to-date with full analysis of the debate on the Common Frame of Reference and the future that this ambiguous instrument may have in the contemporary European legal framework. One of the central themes of the book is exploration of the multi-level, open architecture of the EU legal order, and the implications of that architecture for the EU's private law programme. The analysis demonstrates that the key to understanding European contract law in the 21st century lies in adopting a perspective and mechanisms suitable for a legal order populated by multiple sources of private law. Legal pluralism is offered as a theoretical construct with the capacity to shape the future of European private law, shifting the analytical spotlight beyond the traditional, centralized, legislative means of regulation. In so doing, softer mechanisms are introduced for the governance of contract law; mechanisms that enable coordination between the different sites at which contract law operates. This reorientation in thinking about European contract law, indeed about Europeanization itself, enables the inevitable diversity and pluralism that is a feature of multi-level Europe to be captured within a framework that maximizes the opportunities for mutual learning and exchange across private law sites.
Download or read book European Union Health Law written by Tamara K. Hervey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-12 with total page 749 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first holistic and thematic study of EU health law, and its implications, through its own internal logics.
Download or read book Combatting Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products written by Stanisław Tosza and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-17 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the enforcement aspect of tobacco control policy, and argues that the intense regulation of the tobacco market will never be successful as long as it can be circumvented by the availability of illicit tobacco products. Yet, current efforts to combat illicit tobacco trade are insufficient, suffering from several flaws and gaps at the regulatory and operational levels. The aim of this book is to provide an analysis of the legal framework and practice of enforcement with regard to illicit tobacco products. Combining criminological and legal perspectives, it presents and critically analyses the phenomenon of illicit tobacco trade, as well as the policies, legal frameworks and practices in six EU countries with regard to combatting this phenomenon, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of their approaches. Furthermore, it studies the relationship between the EU and third countries (e.g. Ukraine) in terms of how the EU can influence policy and enforcement in these countries in order to counter illicit tobacco trafficking. Not exclusively focusing on the EU, the book also includes an analysis of enforcement against illicit tobacco products in the US. The EU Member States analysed in the book (Belgium, Germany, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands and Poland) reflect the range of currently available approaches. Some of them have ratified the WHO Protocol against tobacco smuggling; others have not. They belong to different legal traditions and face different challenges due to their respective border situations. While Belgium and the Netherlands are key entry ports to the EU, Poland and Latvia represent the Eastern land border of the EU, with various regional challenges. Italy has a long maritime border, where trafficking is possible from Northern Africa and from the Middle East. It also has significant experience in fighting organised crime. Lastly, Germany is the largest market in Europe and situated in the middle of these trafficking routes.
Download or read book The Global Tobacco Epidemic and the Law written by Andrew D. Mitchell and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use represents a critical global health challenge. The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco kills nearly 6 million people a year, with the toll expected to rise to 8 million annually over the next two decades. Written by health and
Download or read book Viking Laval and Beyond written by Mark R Freedland and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-01-29 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EU Law in the Member States is a new series dedicated to exploring the impact of landmark CJEU judgments and secondary legislation in legal systems across the European Union. Each book will be written by a team of generalist EU lawyers and experts in the relevant field, bringing together perspectives from a wide range of different Member States in order to compare and analyse the effect of EU law on domestic legal systems and practice. The first volume focuses on the uneasy relationship between the economic freedoms enshrined in Articles 49 and 56 TFEU and the right of workers to take collective action. This conflict has been at the forefront of EU labour law since the CJEU's much-discussed decisions in C-438/05 Viking and C-341/05 Laval, as well as the Commission's more recent attempts at legislative reforms in the failed Monti II Regulation. Viking, Laval and Beyond explores judicial and legislative responses to these measures in 10 Member States, and finds that the impact on domestic legal systems has been much more varied than traditional accounts of EU law would suggest.
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
