Download or read book Etudes structurales et vibrationnelle des liaisons hydrog ne en solution aqueuse supercritique written by Cécile Da Silva and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'eau diffère des autres solvants grâce au rôle particulier de la liaison hydrogène. Plus particulièrement, les études présentées dans ce manuscrit illustrent la persistance de la liaison hydrogène dans les solutions aqueuses supercritiques, en particulier entre 647 et 773 K et 22,1 et 40 MPa. Une étude vibrationnelle par spectroscopie Raman optique sur des mélanges d'eau et d'eau deutérée permet d'observer d'une part des vibrateurs majoritaires dont la fréquence est celle de la molécule isolée, et d'autre part la signature de vibrateurs minoritaires toujours reliés par liaison hydrogène aux autres molécules. Notre étude par diffusion X aux petits angles sur de l'eau et de l'eau additionnée d'ions (notamment LiBr et CsBr) montre que ces liaisons hydrogène devraient être présentes dans des zones de densité de type liquide, zones dont la taille et le contraste augmentent avec la présence des ions et le numéro atomique du cation. Ces ions restent solvatés à l'intérieur des zones de haute densité, grâce à des valeurs "locales" plus fortes de la permittivité diélectrique, ce que nous avons démontré grâce à une étude par spectroscopie d'absorption X du complexe ZnBr2 dans des solvants de polarité fixe, mais de permittivité diélectrique variable (eau, méthanol et acétate d'éthyle). Ce manuscrit se termine par une perspective scientifique et technique concernant des mesures de l'eau au seuil K de l'oxygène par diffusion Raman inélastique X à haute température et haute pression.
Download or read book Etude de la liaison hydrog ne par spectroscopie vibrationnelle et simulation de dynamique mol culaire d alcools en condition supercritique written by Jean-Michel Andanson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Le travail présenté dans cette thèse a pour objet l'étude de la liaison hydrogène dans les alcools en conditions supercritiques. Des expériences de spectroscopies infrarouge et Raman ontt été réalisées sur trois alccols (méthanol, éthanol et tert-butanol) dans une large gamme de pressions (de 0.1 à 25 Mpa), le long de l'isotherme 523 K, permettant d'explorer un domaine de densités réduites compris entre 0.1 et 2. Le domaine spectral associé à la vibration d'élongation O-H de ces alcools a été analysé à l'aide d'un modèle original d'agrégats, conduisant à une information quantitative de l'état d'agrégation dans ces systèmes. Parallèlement aux expériences, des expériences, de simulations de dynamique molèculaire ont apporté de nombreuses informations au niveau microscopique, démontrent notamment la pertinence du modèle d'agrégats proposé. Les populations des diverses espèces observées ainsi que leurs temps de vie ont également été examinés en détail.
Download or read book Diffusion in Materials DIMAT 2011 written by I. Bezverkhyy and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Conference on Diffusion in Materials (DIMAT) is the benchmark conference series for diffusion in solids. DIMAT 2011 was organized by the University of Bourgogne in association with CNRS, Dijon (France). The conference showcased new results concerning theoretical tools as well as applied research approaches. Diffusion processes affect all types of materials: nanomaterials, materials for energy, metallurgy, glasses and ceramics, but each requires its own numerical tools.Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS). This volume comprises most of the contributions presented at DIMAT 2011: 4 plenary lectures delivered by famous high-level scientists plus 88 contributions in the form of keynote lectures, talks and posters.
Download or read book Ionic Liquid Properties written by Yizhak Marcus and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume deals with substances in the liquid state that range from high melting salts, such as calcium fluoride, through slags, such as silicates, down to lower melting salts, such as lithium nitrate, molten hydrated salts, such as magnesium chloride hexahydrate, to room temperature ionic liquids, such as 1,3-dimethylimmidazolium tetraphenylborate. It provides the reader with annotated, critically examined, and compiled data for such materials. The data includes a variety of thermochemical, structural, and transport properties. The book includes correlations of measured properties; these correlations should enable the reader to estimate, on a sound basis, properties for ionic liquids that have not yet been measured.
Download or read book Supercritical Water written by Yizhak Marcus and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-15 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the many new and emerging applications of supercritical water as a green solvent Drawing from thousands of original research articles, this book reviews and summarizes what is currently known about the properties and uses of supercritical water. In particular, it focuses on new and emerging applications of supercritical water as a green solvent, including the catalytic conversion of biomass into fuels and the oxidation of hazardous materials. Supercritical Water begins with an introduction that defines supercritical fluids in general. It then defines supercritical water in particular, using the saturation curve to illustrate its relationship to regular water. Following this introduction, the book: Describes the bulk macroscopic properties of supercritical water, using equations of state to explain temperature-pressure-density relationships Examines supercritical water's molecular properties, setting forth the latest experimental data as well as computer simulations that shed new light on structure and dynamics Explores the solubilities of gases, organic substances, salts, and ions in supercritical water in terms of the relevant phase equilibria Sets forth the practical uses of supercritical water at both small scales and full industrial scales Throughout the book, the author uses tables for at-a-glance reviews of key information. Summaries at the end of each chapter reinforce core principles, and references to original research and reviews serve as a gateway and guide to the extensive literature in the field. Supercritical Water is written for students and professionals in physical chemistry, chemistry of water, chemical engineering, and organic chemistry, interested in exploring the applications and properties of supercritical water.
Download or read book Materials and Water Chemistry for Supercritical Water cooled Reactors written by David Guzonas and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-10-31 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials and Water Chemistry for Supercritical Water-cooled Reactors is unique in that it brings together materials and water chemistry, their interrelationship, the historical perspective and their application to SCWR conceptual design. Written by world's leading experts, all active in the area of materials and chemistry R&D in support of GEN IV SCWR, this book presents for the first time a comprehensive reference on these topics, and in particular, how these data relate to the SCWR design itself. This book is an essential text for researchers in the areas of supercritical water-cooled reactor materials and chemistry, working in industry or academia. It will also give newcomers to the field a survey of all of the available literature and a clear understanding of how these studies relate to the design of the SCWR concept. The material presented is at a specialist's level in materials or corrosion science, or in water chemistry of power plants. - Provides comprehensive coverage of the chemistry and materials of SCWR - Presents the latest research and results condensed into one book - Covers the differences in use of SCW in nuclear reactors and fossil plants, and the resulting differences in materials requirements
Download or read book Aqueous Systems at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures written by Roberto Fernandez-Prini and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-07-06 with total page 767 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) has produced this book in order to provide an accessible, up-to-date overview of important aspects of the physical chemistry of aqueous systems at high temperatures and pressures. These systems are central to many areas of scientific study and industrial application, including electric power generation, industrial steam systems, hydrothermal processing of materials, geochemistry, and environmental applications. The authors' goal is to present the material at a level that serves both the graduate student seeking to learn the state of the art, and also the industrial engineer or chemist seeking to develop additional expertise or to find the data needed to solve a specific problem. The wide range of people for whom this topic is important provides a challenge. Advanced work in this area is distributed among physical chemists, chemical engineers, geochemists, and other specialists, who may not be aware of parallel work by those outside their own specialty. The particular aspects of high-temperature aqueous physical chemistry of interest to one industry may be irrelevant to another; yet another industry might need the same basic information but in a very different form. To serve all these constituencies, the book includes several chapters that cover the foundational thermophysical properties (such as gas solubility, phase behavior, thermodynamic properties of solutes, and transport properties) that are of interest across numerous applications. The presentation of these topics is intended to be accessible to readers from a variety of backgrounds. Other chapters address fundamental areas of more specialized interest, such as critical phenomena and molecular-level solution structure. Several chapters are more application-oriented, addressing areas such as power-cycle chemistry and hydrothermal synthesis. As befits the variety of interests addressed, some chapters provide more theoretical guidance while others, such as those on acid/base equilibria and the solubilities of metal oxides and hydroxides, emphasize experimental techniques and data analysis.- Covers both the theory and applications of all Hydrothermal solutions - Provides an accessible, up-to-date overview of important aspects of the physical chemistry of aqueous systems at high temperatures and pressures- The presentation of the book is understandable to readers from a variety of backgrounds
Download or read book Chemistry in Non Aqueous Solvents written by B. Trémillon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arising no doubt from its pre-eminence as a natural liquid, water has always been considered by chemists as the original solvent in which very varied chemical reactions can take place, both for preparational and for analytical purposes. This explains the very long-standing interest shown in the study of aqueous solutions. In this con nection, it must be stressed that the theory of Arrhenius and Ostwald (1887-1894) on electrolytic dissociation, was originally devised solely for solutions in water and that the first true concept of acidity resulting from this is linked to the use of this solvent. The more recent development of numerous physico-chemical measurement methods has made possible an increase of knowledge in this area up to an extremely advanced degree of systematization. Thus today we have available both a very large amount of experimental data, together with very refined methods of deduction and of quantitative treatment of chemical reactions in solution which enable us to make the fullest use of this data. Nevertheless, . it appears quite evident at present that there are numerous chemical processes which cannot take place in water, and that its use as a solvent imposes 2 INTRODUCTION limitations. In order to overcome these limitations, it was natural that interest should be attracted to solvents other than water and that the new possibilities thus opened up should be explored.
Download or read book Hydrothermal Properties of Materials written by Vladimir Valyashko and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-12-16 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrothermal Properties of Materials: Experimental Data on Aqueous Phase Equilibria and Solution Properties at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures is designed for any scientists and engineer who deals with hydrothermal investigations and technologies. The book is organized into eight chapters, each dealing with a key physical property of behavior of solutions, so that a reader can obtain information on: hydrothermal experimental methods; available experimental data and the main features of properties behavior in a wide range of temperatures and pressures; and possible ways of experimental data processing for obtaining the derivative properties.
Download or read book Molten Salts written by Marcelle Gaune-Escard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-01-31 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intending these truncated proceedings of the May 2001 meeting to serve as a textbook rather than an ordinary proceedings volume, Gaune-Escard (Institut Universitaire des Systemes Thermiques Industriels, France) presents 16 papers topics of molten salts including electronic properties, light and neutron scattering, thermodynamic modeling, pyrochemistry in the nuclear industry, electrochemical techniques, and molten salt batteries. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
