Download or read book ETUDE PAR LA THEORIE CLASSIQUE ET QUANTIQUE DE L ALIGNEMENT ET DE L ORIENTATION DANS LES PROCESSUS D ECHANGE DE CHARGE written by ELSA.. LEWARTOWSKI and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ON REALISE UNE ETUDE THEORIQUE DES PROCESSUS DE TRANSFERT DE CHARGE AUX ENERGIES MODEREES (QUELQUES KEV) DANS LES COLLISIONS PROTON (OU LITHIUM UNE FOIS IONISE)-ATOME DE SODIUM 3P ORIENTE OU ALIGNE. POUR DECRIRE CES COLLISIONS DEUX METHODES SONT EMPLOYEES: LA METHODE DE MONTE-CARLO DES TRAJECTOIRES ET LA METHODE SEMI-CLASSIQUE AVEC UNE BASE MOLECULAIRE. LE CALCUL CLASSIQUE PEUT REPRESENTER L'EFFET DU VELOCITY MATCHING OBSERVE EXPERIMENTALEMENT ET THEORIQUEMENT. L'ELECTRON EST TRANSFERE PREFERENTIELLEMENT LORSQUE SA VITESSE EST PARALLELE A LA VITESSE DE L'ION INCIDENT: PHENOMENE D'ORIENTATION. A L'AIDE DE LA METHODE SEMI-CLASSIQUE ON MONTRE EN PLUS QUE LA PROBABILITE DE TRANSFERT DEPEND DE LA SYMETRIE INITIALE DE L'ORBITALE 3P. LA CAPTURE VERS H(N=2) OU LI(N=2) EST FAVORISEE LORSQUE L'ORBITALE ELECTRONIQUE EST ALIGNEE PARALLELEMENT A LA VITESSE DE L'ION INCIDENT: PHENOMENE D'ALIGNEMENT. GRACE A UNE VISUALISATION DES COURANTS ET DES DENSITES DES FONCTIONS D'ONDE ELECTRONIQUE ON A PROUVE QUE LES PHENOMENES D'ORIENTATION EXPLIQUENT LES EFFETS D'ALIGNEMENT DANS LA REGION DE TRANSFERT. LES SECTIONS DIFFERENTIELLES PERMETTENT DE METTRE EN EVIDENCE LES REMARQUABLES EFFETS D'ANISOTROPIE DANS LA DIFFUSION A PARTIR DES ETATS ALIGNES A 45 DEGRES OU 45 DEGRES ET ORIENTES A +1 OU 1. UN MODELE A 3 ETATS (DANS LE CAS DU SYSTEME DE COLLISION NAH#+) OU A 4 ETATS (SYSTEME DE COLLISION LINA#+) PERMET DE REPRODUIRE L'EFFET D'ORIENTATION AUX LARGES PARAMETRES D'IMPACT. L'ETUDE DE LA POLARISATION DE L'ETAT FINAL MONTRE QUE LE CALCUL SEMBLE CONFIRMER LES REGLES DE PROPENSION AUX ENERGIES CONSIDEREES. NOUS AVONS AUSSI ANALYSE LE ROLE PRIMORDIAL DU FACTEUR DE TRANSLATION COMMUN DANS LE CALCUL DES PROBABILITES ET DES SECTIONS DIFFERENTIELLES METTANT EN JEU DES ATOMES POLARISES

Download or read book ALIGNEMENT ET ORIENTATION DANS LES PROCESSUS DE TRANSFERT DE CHARGE INDUITS PAR COLLISION written by JAN.. THOMSEN and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LE TRAVAIL PRESENTE DANS CETTE THESE EST UNE ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE DES PROCESSUS D'ECHANGE DE CHARGE INDUITS PAR COLLISION ENTRE UN ION SIMPLEMENT CHARGE H#+, H#2#+, HE#+, LI#+ ET UNE CIBLE DE SODIUM NA(3P) EXCITEE PAR IRRADIATION LASER. ON S'INTERESSE EN PARTICULIER A L'INFLUENCE DE L'ALIGNEMENT ET DE L'ORIENTATION INITIALE DE LA CIBLE SUR LES SECTIONS EFFICACES DE TRANSFERT DE CHARGE. DANS UNE PREMIERE PARTIE REALISEE A L'UNIVERSITE DE COPENHAGUE, ON ETUDIE LE ROLE DE L'ALIGNEMENT INITIAL DE LA CIBLE PARALLELE OU PERPENDICULAIRE A LA VITESSE DE COLLISION SUR LES SECTIONS EFFICACES TOTALES DE TRANSFERT DE CHARGE. LE DOMAINE ETENDU DES ENERGIES DE COLLISION DE 1 A 20 KEV CORRESPOND A DES VITESSES EN DECA ET AU DELA DE LA VITESSE ORBITALE CARACTERISTIQUE DE L'ELECTRON NA(3P). L'EFFET D'ANISOTROPIE MESURE EST IMPORTANT POUR L'ENSEMBLE DES SYSTEMES ETUDIES ET PRESENTE UNE SIMILARITE DANS LA DEPENDANCE EN VITESSE DE COLLISION QUI SUGGERE UNE LOI D'ECHELLE. DANS LA DEUXIEME PARTIE DE LA THESE REALISEE AU LCAM A ORSAY, ON ANALYSE LE DIAGRAMME BIDIMENSIONNEL DE DIFFUSION DES NEUTRES ISSUS DE LA COLLISION. POUR LA COLLISION LI#+-NA(3P) A 1 KEV, ETUDIEE POUR UN ENSEMBLE COMPLET DE POLARISATIONS DE LA CIBLE ALIGNEE OU ORIENTEE, LES SECTIONS EFFICACES DIFFERENTIELLES ASSOCIEES AUX DIFFERENTES VOIES DE SORTIE IDENTIFIEES PAR SPECTROSCOPIE DE TEMPS DE VOL PRESENTENT DES ASYMETRIES REMARQUABLES. L'ETAT FINAL LI(2P) PRODUIT DANS LA COLLISION LI#+-NA(3S) EST COMPLETEMENT DETERMINE PAR L'ANALYSE DU DIAGRAMME DE DIFFUSION DES NEUTRES DETECTES EN COINCIDENCE AVEC UN PHOTON DE DECLIN DE POLARISATION DONNEE. CES RESULTATS SONT COMPARES A DES CALCULS SEMI-CLASSIQUES RECENTS ET CONSTITUENT UN TEST TRES SENSIBLE DES MODELES THEORIQUES. LES RESULTATS PRELIMINAIRES OBTENUS DANS L'ETUDE DU TRANSFERT DE CHARGE PP MONTRENT LA FAISABILITE D'UNE EXPERIENCE COMPLETE D'ETAT A ETAT QUI SERA LA PREMIERE DE CE TYPE

Download or read book Th orie d change de charge aux basses et hautes nergies written by Jocelyn Hanssen and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I) ETUDE DE L'ECHANGE DE CHARGE AUX BASSES ENERGIES EN UTILISANT LA METHODE MOLECULAIRE ET EN INTRODUISANT UN FACTEUR DE TRANSLATION POUR S'AFFRANCHIR DE L'EFFET DE L'ORIGINE DES COORDONNEES DANS LE CALCUL DES SECTIONS EFFICACES TOTALES. II) INTRODUCTION D'OPERATEURS D'ALIGNEMENT ET D'ORIENTATION POUR ETUDIER L'INFLUENCE DE LA POLARISATION DANS UNE COLLISION D'ION ALCALIN SUR UN ALCALIN EXCITE PAR POMPAGE OPTIQUE. III) ETUDE DE L'APPROXIMATION DE BORN AU 1ER ORDRE PAR LA THEORIE DES PERTURBATIONS AVEC DES CONDITIONS ASYMPTOTIQUES CORRECTES POUR L'ECHANGE DE CHARGE AUX HAUTES ENERGIES

Download or read book ETUDE DE L ORIENTATION DANS LA CAPTURE ELECTRONIQUE PAR DES IONS MULTICHARGES written by CAROLINE.. ADJOURI and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LES COLLISIONS ENTRE IONS MULTICHARGES ET CIBLES ATOMIQUES NEUTRES SONT ETUDIEES EXPERIMENTALEMENT ET THEORIQUEMENT DANS LE DOMAINE DES BASSES ENERGIES (QUELQUES KEV); ON S'INTERESSE PLUS PARTICULIEREMENT AUX PROCESSUS D'ECHANGE DE CHARGE ENTRE SOUS-ETATS QUANTIQUES NLM. L'EXPERIENCE MET EN JEU UN FAISCEAU D'IONS MULTICHARGES SELECTIONNES EN CHARGE ET EN VITESSE, CROISANT A ANGLE DROIT UN JET EFFUSIF DE GAZ CIBLE. LA SPECIFICITE DE L'EXPERIENCE RESIDE EN LA TECHNIQUE DE DETECTION EN MULTICOINCIDENCE, SEULE TECHNIQUE QUI FOURNIT EN UNE SEULE ACQUISITION TOUTE L'INFORMATION SUR L'ANGLE DE DIFFUSION, L'ENERGIE ET LA POLARISATION DES PRODUITS DE LA COLLISION. L'ORIENTATION (TRANSFERT DE MOMENT CINETIQUE ORBITAL) DANS LES PROCESSUS D'ECHANGE DE CHARGE EST MESUREE EN ANALYSANT LA POLARISATION CIRCULAIRE DES PHOTONS DE DECLIN RADIATIF. ON OBTIENT AINSI UN BILAN TRES COMPLET DU PROCESSUS COLLISIONNEL. NOUS AVONS MESURE POUR LES SYSTEMES B#3#+-HE(NE) DES DISTRIBUTIONS ANGULAIRES ASYMETRIQUES SIGNATURE D'EFFETS D'ORIENTATION DANS L'ECHANGE DE CHARGE. LES PROFILS ANGULAIRES EXPERIMENTAUX DU SYSTEME B#3#+-HE SONT EN EXCELLENT ACCORD AVEC CEUX OBTENUS PAR DES CALCULS EN BASE ATOMIQUE EFFECTUES PAR UN GROUPE DE THEORICIENS NORDIQUES. PAR AILLEURS, NOUS AVONS EFFECTUE DES CALCULS DE DIFFUSION EN BASE MOLECULAIRE, LES POLARISATIONS CIRCULAIRES CALCULEES SONT EN BON ACCORD AVEC LES RESULTATS EXPERIMENTAUX ET LES CALCULS ATOMIQUES. UNE INTERPRETATION FONDEE SUR CE MODELE QUANTITATIF EST PROPOSEE POUR RENDRE COMPTE DES EFFETS D'ORIENTATION MESURES. UNE CARACTERISTIQUE IMPORTANTE DE L'ORIENTATION DANS LES COLLISIONS IMPLIQUANT DES IONS MULTICHARGES EST POUR LA PREMIERE FOIS MISE EN EVIDENCE, A SAVOIR LE COMPORTEMENT OSCILLATOIRE DE LA POLARISATION CIRCULAIRE PARTICULIEREMENT VISIBLE SUR LE SYSTEME B#3#+-NE. CETTE CARACTERISTIQUE AINSI QUE L'ENSEMBLE DES RESULTATS EXPERIMENTAUX SONT INTERPRETES QUALITATIVEMENT ET QUANTITATIVEMENT DANS LE CADRE DU MODELE MOLECULAIRE

Download or read book Etude th orique de processus dynamiques deux atomes written by Thierry Duhoo and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ce travail presente deux etudes theoriques dans le domaine de la dynamique moleculaire a deux atomes. La premiere etude concerne les effets d'alignement lors du transfert avec changement de spin (4s5p #1p4s5p #3p) dans l'atome ca par collision avec un atome he. Ces effets ont ete mis en evidence recemment dans des experiences de jets croises mettant en jeu deux lasers polarises rectilignement, l'un pour aligner initialement l'atome dans l'etat #1p l'autre pour sonder l'alignement final dans l'etat #3p. Tous les effets d'alignement peuvent etre caracterises par un jeu de sections efficaces exprimees dans un referentiel fixe de l'espace, le referentiel de collision. Par une approche quantique independante du temps, nous avons determine les sections efficaces de transfert dans le referentiel de collison pour trois jeux de potentiels des etats electroniques du systeme ca-he. Les resultats sont compares aux resultats experimentaux. La deuxieme etude est consacree a la dynamique de la dissociation de hc1 apres la photoexcitation de la molecule dans l'etat electronique repulsif a#1ii. La photodissociation de la molecule laisse les fragments dans leur etat electronique le plus bas en energie h(#2s) et c1(#2p). Notre etude est basee sur la theorie independante du temps de la photodissociation de molecules diatomiques. Nous avons determine la section efficace totale de photodissociation et les sections efficaces partielles de production de l'atome c1 dans l'une ou l'autre des deux composantes de structure fine (#2p#1#/#2 et #2p#3#/#2). Pour interpreter nos resultats et pour comprendre les mecanismes susceptibles d'affecter les populations dans les deux composantes #2p#1#/#2 et #2p#3#/#2 nous presentons, d'une part un calcul de redistribution du flux quantique dans les etats adiabatiques en fonction de la distance entre les deux atomes et d'autre part la determination, dans une approche semi-classique de l'evolution temporelle des probabilites de transition dans la base des etats adiabatiques.

Download or read book tude th orique de l change de charge et de l excitation dans une collision basse nergie entre un ion atome et un agr gat m tallique simple written by Bilel Zarour and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les processus d'échange de charge et d'excitation sont bien connus dans les collisions atomiques. Le but de cette thèse est d'étudier ces processus dans les collisions avec les agrégats, qui sont jusque là mal connus. Les vitesses de collisions sont assez faibles pour pouvoir appliquer la méthode moléculaire. La résolution de l'équation de Schrödmger pour un grand nombre d'électron est impossible. Pour surmonter cette difficulté, nous avons utilise le modèle à électrons indépendants. Dans l'expérience, on ne peut connaître que la configuration finale de quelques électrons. Le formalisme adéquate pour décrire cette situation est le formalisme des probabilités inclusive que nous avons utilisé pour calculer les sections efficaces d'échange de charge et d'excitation. Dans le cas des collisions atome - agrégats de sodium, nous avons comparé avec les expériences du laboratoire d' Aimé Cotton à Orsay et nous avons trouvé un bon accord. Ceci a confirmé la validité de notre modèle théorique

Download or read book Design Theory written by Pascal Le Masson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-06 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook presents the core of recent advances in design theory and its implications for design methods and design organization. Providing a unified perspective on different design methods and approaches, from the most classic (systematic design) to the most advanced (C-K theory), it offers a unique and integrated presentation of traditional and contemporary theories in the field. Examining the principles of each theory, this guide utilizes numerous real life industrial applications, with clear links to engineering design, industrial design, management, economics, psychology and creativity. Containing a section of exams with detailed answers, it is useful for courses in design theory, engineering design and advanced innovation management. "Students and professors, practitioners and researchers in diverse disciplines, interested in design, will find in this book a rich and vital source for studying fundamental design methods and tools as well as the most advanced design theories that work in practice". Professor Yoram Reich, Tel Aviv University, Editor-in-Chief, Research In Engineering Design. "Twenty years of research in design theory and engineering have shown that training in creative design is indeed possible and offers remarkably operational methods - this book is indispensable for all leaders and practitioners who wish to strengthen theinnovation capacity of their company." Pascal Daloz, Executive Vice President, Dassault Systèmes

Download or read book Sur l interpr tation des potentiels coulombiens dans la th orie quantique des collisions atomiques written by Robert Gayet and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FORMULATION D'UNE THEORIE INDEPENDANTE DU TEMPS QUAND INTERAGISSENT PLUSIEURS AGREGATS DONT DEUX SEULEMENT SONT CHARGES DANS LES CANAUX D'ENTREE ET DE SORTIE, MAIS QUI POURRAIT SE GENERALISER AU CAS DE N CORPS CHARGES. APPLICATION A L'IONISATION D'ATOMES PAR IMPACT DE PROTONS ET AU DETACHEMENT D'UN ELECTRON D'UN ION MONONEGATIF PAR IMPACT DE PROTONS. DEVELOPPEMENT DE L'AMPLITUDE DE TRANSITION EN SERIE DE PERTURBATION. THEORIE DE L'ECHANGE DE CHARGE A HAUTE ET MOYENNE ENERGIE

Download or read book Multifunctional Oxide Heterostructures written by Evgeny Y. Tsymbal and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-08-30 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to the rapidly developing field of oxide thin-films and heterostructures. Oxide materials combined with atomic-scale precision in a heterostructure exhibit an abundance of macroscopic physical properties involving the strong coupling between the electronic, spin, and structural degrees of freedom, and the interplay between magnetism, ferroelectricity, and conductivity. Recent advances in thin-film deposition and characterization techniques made possible the experimental realization of such oxide heterostructures, promising novel functionalities and device concepts. The book consists of chapters on some of the key innovations in the field over recent years, including strongly correlated oxide heterostructures, magnetoelectric coupling and multiferroic materials, thermoelectric phenomena, and two-dimensional electron gases at oxide interfaces. The book covers the core principles, describes experimental approaches to fabricate and characterize oxide heterostructures, demonstrates new functional properties of these materials, and provides an overview of novel applications.

Download or read book Strategic Management of Innovation and Design written by Pascal Le Masson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-09-09 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is now widespread agreement that innovation holds the key to future economic and social prosperity in developed countries. Experts studying contemporary capitalism also agree that the battle against unemployment and relocations can only be won through innovation. But what kind of innovation is required and what is the best way to manage, steer and organize it? Grounded on experiences of innovative firms and based on recent design theories, this book argues that instead of relying on traditional R&D and project management techniques, the strategic management of innovation must be based on innovative design activities. It analyses and explains new management principles and techniques that deal with these activities, including innovation fields, lineages, C-K (Concept-Knowledge) diagrams and design spaces. The book is ideal for advanced courses in innovation management in industrial design schools, business schools, engineering schools, as well as managers looking to improve their practice.

Download or read book An Introduction to Differential Manifolds written by Jacques Lafontaine and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-29 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to differential manifolds. It gives solid preliminaries for more advanced topics: Riemannian manifolds, differential topology, Lie theory. It presupposes little background: the reader is only expected to master basic differential calculus, and a little point-set topology. The book covers the main topics of differential geometry: manifolds, tangent space, vector fields, differential forms, Lie groups, and a few more sophisticated topics such as de Rham cohomology, degree theory and the Gauss-Bonnet theorem for surfaces. Its ambition is to give solid foundations. In particular, the introduction of “abstract” notions such as manifolds or differential forms is motivated via questions and examples from mathematics or theoretical physics. More than 150 exercises, some of them easy and classical, some others more sophisticated, will help the beginner as well as the more expert reader. Solutions are provided for most of them. The book should be of interest to various readers: undergraduate and graduate students for a first contact to differential manifolds, mathematicians from other fields and physicists who wish to acquire some feeling about this beautiful theory. The original French text Introduction aux variétés différentielles has been a best-seller in its category in France for many years. Jacques Lafontaine was successively assistant Professor at Paris Diderot University and Professor at the University of Montpellier, where he is presently emeritus. His main research interests are Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian geometry, including some aspects of mathematical relativity. Besides his personal research articles, he was involved in several textbooks and research monographs.

Download or read book Aeronomy written by P. M. Banks and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-24 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aeronomy, Part A is an attempt to make a comprehensive exposition of the processes in aeronomy, the study of composition, movement, and thermal balance of the upper regions of the planetary atmosphere. The text covers topics such as atmospheric regions and atmospheric density, the temperature and molecular mass of the atmosphere; the permanent constituents and the molecular and isotonic composition of the homosphere; and the transition from the homosphere to the heterosphere. Also covered are topics such as the temperature gradient and energies in the thermosphere, conditions at 200km and above 250km, solar radiation and ionization, and aeronomic reactions. The book is recommended for scientists, especially natural physicists, who would like to know more about the field of aeronomy and its advances.

Download or read book Max Weber and Karl Marx written by Karl Lowith and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-11-01 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2004. Lowith's study of Max Weber and Karl Marx is a key text in modem interpretations of the theme of alienation in Marxist theory and rationalisation in Weber's sociology. It remains the best short student introduction to the differences and comparisons between these essential thinkers. This new edition includes a Preface by Professor Bryan S. Turner which demonstrates the relevance of the book for contemporary sociology.

Download or read book Jean Baptiste Say and Political Economy written by Jean-Baptiste Say and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jean-Baptiste Say (1767–1832) was one of the first great economists to have laid down the foundations of economic science. Author of the famous Treatise on Political Economy in 1803, which was revised and re-edited on several occasions, he published numerous other works including a voluminous Complete Course in Practical Political Economy in 1828–9. He also taught political economy successively from 1815 until his death in three Parisian establishments: the Athénée, the Conservatory of Arts and Trades, and the Collège de France. The texts in which Say exposes his approach to political economy have not been available in the English language until now except for the fourth edition of the ‘Preliminary Discourse’ which serves as an introduction to the Treatise. This book presents a translation which renders his works accessible to the English speaking world. For the first time, English readers will be able to become directly immersed in Say’s principal texts, where he develops his conception of political economy. Jean-Baptiste Say and Political Economy proposes a translation of a selection of eleven of Say’s texts. The first three are versions of the ‘Preliminary Discourse’ from the Treatise’s editions of 1803, 1814 and 1826 with the variations of the editions of 1817, 1819 and 1841. The following four texts are the opening discourses pronounced at the Conservatory in 1820 and 1828 and the Collège de France in 1831 and 1832. The eighth text is the ‘General Considerations’ which open the Complete Course in Practical Political Economy of 1828, with the variations of the 1840 re-edition. The final three texts are those Say devotes to ‘the progress of political economy’ in what is akin to a history of economic thought. This volume is of great importance to economic historians and people studying Jean-Baptiste Say, as well as those who are interested in economic theory and philosophy and political economy.

Download or read book Minimum competence in scientific English written by Sue Blattes and published by L'Editeur : EDP Sciences. This book was released on 2003 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cet ouvrage, devenu célèbre sous son sigle MCSE, a déjà été utilisé par plus de 50 000 étudiants, chercheurs, professionnels. L'objectif est de lire et écrire des textes en anglais scientifique avec facilité et pertinence. L'ouvrage est conçu pour que l'apprenant devienne un véritable utilisateur de l'anglais. La méthode originale repose sur l'analyse des fonctions et structures nécessaires : measurement, frequency, comparison, modification, link words, time, cause and consequence, hypothesis, modality, purpose and process, impersonal forms, compound nouns and adjectives. Dans chaque unit, des tests d'auto-évaluation permettent de se situer et de construire son parcours de formation, d'abord en définissant ses objectifs à l'aide des key points et du lexis, puis, de façon plus personnalisée, en puisant dans les examples in context, checkpoints (back to basics, word web), web search, FAQs... MCSE est l'outil de base d'une méthode qui comprend aussi d'autres outils dans la même collection (Listening Comprehension for Scientiflc English et Speaking Skills in Scientitic English). L'ouvrage est destiné à tout apprenant de niveau baccalauréat qui désire acquérir une réelle compétence dans l'écriture et la lecture de textes en anglais scientifique.

Download or read book X Ray and Neutron Reflectivity Principles and Applications written by Jean Daillant and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reflection of and neutrons from surfaces has existed as an x-rays exp- imental for almost it is in the last technique fifty Nevertheless, only years. decade that these methods have become as of enormously popular probes This the surfaces and interfaces. to be due to of several appears convergence of intense different circumstances. These include the more n- availability be measured orders tron and sources that can over (so reflectivity x-ray many of and the much weaker surface diffuse can now also be magnitude scattering of thin films and studied in some the detail); growing importance multil- basic the realization of the ers in both and technology research; important which in the of surfaces and and role roughness plays properties interfaces; the of statistical models to characterize the of finally development topology its and its characterization from on roughness, dependence growth processes The of and to surface scattering experiments. ability x-rays neutro4s study four five orders of in scale of surfaces over to magnitude length regardless their and also their to ability probe environment, temperature, pressure, etc. , makes these the choice for buried interfaces often probes preferred obtaining information about the microstructure of often in statistical a global surfaces, the local This is manner to complementary imaging microscopy techniques, of such studies in the literature witnessed the veritable by explosion published the last few Thus these lectures will useful for over a resource years.

Download or read book Organic Solid State Lasers written by Sébastien Forget and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-07-03 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic lasers are broadly tunable coherent sources, potentially compact, convenient and manufactured at low-costs. Appeared in the mid 60’s as solid-state alternatives for liquid dye lasers, they recently gained a new dimension after the demonstration of organic semiconductor lasers in the 90's. More recently, new perspectives appeared at the nanoscale, with organic polariton and surface plasmon lasers. After a brief reminder to laser physics, a first chapter exposes what makes organic solid-state organic lasers specific. The laser architectures used in organic lasers are then reviewed, with a state-of-the-art review of the performances of devices with regard to output power, threshold, lifetime, beam quality etc. A survey of the recent trends in the field is given, highlighting the latest developments with a special focus on the challenges remaining for achieving direct electrical pumping of organic semiconductor lasers. A last chapter covers the applications of organic solid-state lasers.