Download or read book Etude de l tape de fermentation d un proc d de co compostage de boues en STEU written by Julie Bachelart and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pour préserver l'environnement et pour des raisons sanitaires, les eaux usées sont collectées et dirigées vers les stations d'épuration des eaux usées (STEU) afin d'être traitées et purifiées avant leur réintroduction dans le milieu naturel. Parmi les nombreuses filières de traitement des boues biologiques issues des STEU, le procédé de compostage représente en France 36% . Il permet l'obtention d'un substrat (ou produit) stabilisé, hygiénisé, et riche en éléments fertilisants. Les travaux réalisés dans le cadre de ce travail de recherche s'inscrivent dans ce contexte en présentant un diagnostic de l'étape de fermentation d'un procédé de co-compostage de boues biologiques situé au sein de la STEU d'Aureilhan (France, Hautes Pyrénées). L'objectif recherché était de garantir un compost de qualité par l'étude de l'étape de fermentation. La réponse apportée à ce principal objectif s'est concrétisée par la réalisation d'un diagnostic établi selon deux approches : expérimentale et numérique.Les mesures expérimentales ont porté sur l'évaluation de la durée de l'étape de fermentation (étude effectuée sur 19 andains), la mesure de l'évolution temporelle des températures en fonction de la profondeur et de la longueur de l'andain sur quatre andains différents (trois andains en conditions hivernales et un andain en conditions estivales), la mesure de leur humidité initiale et l'estimation du ratio boues/agent structurant. Ces mesures expérimentales ont mis en exergue : - des humidités initiales optimales pour l'étape de fermentation (entre 50% et 70%) ;- un ratio boues/agent structurant réel (entre 1/7 et 1/4) inférieur au ratio théorique (1/3) ;- des durées de fermentation faibles (inférieures à 4 semaines) au regard des recommandations (entre 4 et 6 semaines) ;- des températures au sein des andains insuffisamment élevées pour atteindre l'hygiénisation du compost.Ces deux derniers résultats ont permis d'affirmer que certains andains n'ont pas subi une biodégradation de la matière organique suffisante lors de l'étape de fermentation, ce qui rend possible une réactivation de la biodégradation sur l'aire de maturation dépourvue de système d'aération et de désodorisation. Un modèle numérique instationnaire a alors été réalisé en 2D. Il prend en compte les dimensions réelles de l'andain sur le site industriel, les caractéristiques du système d'aération du procédé de fermentation, les conditions météorologiques et les propriétés initiales du mélange boues/écorces. Ce modèle de compréhension et de prédiction a permis de montrer l'impact significatif d'une réalisation, en milieu industriel, de l'étape de fermentation dans un hangar semi-ouvert sur le milieu extérieur. En effet, une température initiale de l'andain trop faible (inférieure à 10°C) résultant de conditions météorologiques hivernales peut limiter fortement le développement des micro-organismes et donc les réactions de biodégradations. Les pertes thermiques sont de surcroit accentuées par des conditions hivernales, en particulier pour les zones de l'andain proches du milieu extérieur. La vitesse d'aération de l'andain est non uniforme et varie beaucoup en fonction de la longueur de gaine sous l'andain (vitesse estimée comprise 0,035 et 0,3 m.s-1) ce qui induit une inhomogénéité des conditions opératoires (disponibilité en oxygène, température) et donc une biodégradation de la matière organique hétérogène au sein d'un même andain.En période de crise sanitaire liée à la COVID-19 pour laquelle l'hygiénisation des boues de STEU prend tout son sens, les importants résultats obtenus lors de ce travail de recherche peuvent donner aux opérateurs, sur des sites industriels présentant des plateformes de compostage conforme à celle d'Aureilhan, des moyens de repérer rapidement les andains présentant une faible évolution de la température et d'agir en conséquence en manipulant, par exemple, les séquences réglables d'aération afin de s'assurer d'une bonne hygiénisation.

Download or read book Co compostage de boues de station d puration et de d chets verts written by Rémy Albrecht and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Afin d'éliminer et de valoriser les biodéchets, de nombreuses collectivités ont opté pour une plate-forme de compostage. Les exigences de qualité des composts nécessitent actuellement un nombre important de caractérisations physico-chimiques et biologiques. Nos objectifs ont donc été d'étudier les processus du compostage et de mettre au point une méthode simple et efficace de suivi de l'évolution chimique et biologique des composts. Notre étude a porté sur un compostage de six mois en andains constitués d'un mélange de boues de station d'épuration urbaines et de déchets verts broyés. Les composts ont été caractérisés par des paramètres physico-chimiques (analyses élémentaires, matières organiques, substances humiques et lignine. Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire 13C du solide) et biologiques (respiration, dénombrement des micro-organismes et changements des profils métaboliques des communautés microbiennes, activités enzymatiques) qui ont mis en évidence la minéralisation et l'humification de la matière organique. Une banque de données établie à partir de 432 composts a ensuite démontré l'efficacité de la Spectroscopie Proche InfraRouge (SPIR) pour distinguer les composts suivant leur maturité. Enfin, aucun paramètre n'étant utilisable seul, l'ensemble des informations a été synthétisé par ACP en un Indice global d'Evolution du Compostage (IEC) parfaitement calibré en SPIR par la méthode PLS et permettant une détermination simple et précise de la maturité. Cette alliance SPIR-IEC pourrait être appliquée à l'optimisation d'un nouveau procédé de compostage en réacteur en cours de développement.

Download or read book Advances in Solid State Fermentation written by S. Roussos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G.HAINNAUX Departement Milieu et Activites Agricoles, Centre ORSTOM, 911 Avenue d' Agropolis, B.P. 5045, 34032 Montpellier Cedex , France. Solid state fermentation, popularly abbreviated as SSF, is currently investigated by many groups throughout the world. The study of this technique was largely neglected in the past in European and Western countries and there is now a high demand for SSF, meaning in food, environment, agricultural, phannaceutical and many other biotechnological applications. It gives me satisfaction to note that the importance of this technique was realised at my department way back in 1975 since then, our team has put concentrated efforts on developing this technique. xvii Foreword Advances in Solid State Fermentation Foreword M. PUYGRENIER Agropolis Valorisation, Avenue d' Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. On the name of the Scientific Community, I would like to express the wish that this International Symposium on SSF should be successful. Solid State Fermentation is part of biotechnology research. It consists on seeding solid culture medium with bacteria or fungi (filamentous or higher) and on producing, in this medium (solid components and exudates) metabolites and high value products. In fact, this process is very old. In older industries such the food and agricultural, this technique has been extensively used. An example of this is the production of pork sausages and Roquefort cheese. Pharmaceutical industry could make extensive use of SSF in the production of secondary metabolites of many kinds and development in this direction is soon expected.

Download or read book Nutrient Dynamics for Sustainable Crop Production written by Ram Swaroop Meena and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-06 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cropping system is one of the important components of sustainable agriculture, since it provides more efficient nutrient cycling. As such, balanced fertilization must be based on the concept of sustainable crop production. Feeding the rapidly growing world population using environmentally sustainable production systems is a major challenge, especially in developing countries. A number of studies have highlighted the fact that degradation of the world's cultivated soils is largely responsible for low and plateauing yields. Soil is lost rapidly but only formed over millennia, and this represents the greatest global threat to nutrient dynamics in agriculture. This means that nutrient management is essential to provide food and nutritional security for current and future generations. Nutrient dynamics and soil sustainability imply the maintenance of the desired ecological balance, the enhancement and preservation of soil functions, and the protection of biodiversity above and below ground. Understanding the role of nutrient management as a tool for soil sustainability and nutritional security requires a holistic approach to a wide range of soil parameters (biological, physical, and chemical) to assess the soil functions and nutrient dynamics of a crop management system within the desired timescale. Further, best nutrient management approaches are important to advance soil sustainability and food and nutritional security without compromising the soil quality and productive potential. Sustainable management practices must allow environmentally and economically sustainable yields and restore soil health and sustainability. This book presents soil management approaches that can provide a wide range of benefits, including improved fertility, with a focus on the importance of nutrient dynamics. Discussing the broad impacts of nutrients cycling on the sustainability of soil and the cropping systems that it supports, it also addresses nutrient application to allow environmentally and economically sustainable agroecosystems that restore soil health. Arguing that balanced fertilization must be based on the concept of INM for a cropping system rather than a crop, it provides a roadmap to nutrient management for sustainability. This richly illustrated book features tables, figures and photographs and includes extensive up-to-date references, making it a valuable resource for policymakers and researchers, as well as undergraduate and graduate students of Soil Science, Agronomy, Ecology and Environmental Sciences.

Download or read book Waste Management in MENA Regions written by Abdelazim M Negm and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-05 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents the state-of-the-art document describing the knowledge, data, cost-effectiveness and technologies employed to manage the waste in several countries such as Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Jordon, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, and Yemen. It covers diverse topics including the status of the waste in the region, solid waste management, solid waste recovery and disposal, the use of the agricultural waste in feeding poultry, sludge disposal and management, wastewater treatment and energy production. Also, the book explains how waste management systems are becoming more complex in many countries with the move from landfill-based to resource recovery-based solutions following the setting of international and national targets to divert waste from landfill and to increase recycling and recovery rates. Besides, this book also evaluates the environmental legislation in the selected countries and suggests new performance enhancements. This book is of interest to environmental professionals including scientists and policymakers in the Middle East, North Africa, and areas with similar features.

Download or read book Characterization Treatment and Use of Sewage Sludge written by P. L'Hermite and published by Springer. This book was released on 1981-05-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the Second European Symposium held in Vienna, Austria, 21-23 October, 1980

Download or read book Integration of Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing written by Jeffrey L. Star and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-01-28 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of remote sensing and geographic information systems to resource management and environmental research.

Download or read book People and Environment in Africa written by Tony Binns and published by . This book was released on 1995-04-12 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of case studies revealing how the indigenous people of Africa are coping with the local environment by using a number of methods such as soil conservation, diversification, pastoral systems, irrigation projects and innovative crop-growing strategies.

Download or read book Soil Phosphorus written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus is an essential plant nutrient, but global population growth has dramatically reduced the availability of phosphorus fertilizer resources. Despite this scarcity, there remain numerous problems associated with the excessive and inappropriate use of phosphorus leading to non-point source pollution and eutrophication of natural waters. Identifying appropriate systems for managing soil phosphorus and reducing the risks of eutrophication are needed to minimize the environmental risks. This book focuses on the availability and recycling of phosphorus; regulatory and policy issues of sustainable phosphorus use; and water quality management in agroecosystems pertaining to phosphorus. Sections are dedicated to global phosphorus reserves; cycling and pathways of phosphorus; phosphorus in agriculture; human dimensions and policy intervention; and research and development priorities. Phosphorus is a finite but crucial resource and is an essential element to all life. Sub-optimal availability and nutrient imbalance in the root zone can adversely impact plant growth, and the quality of food and feed grown on these soils. However, the proven reserves of phosphorus can hardly be adequate for a few centuries only. Yet, its misuse and mismanagement has caused severe problems of eutrophication of water and pollution of the environment. Thus, judicious management of soil phosphorus is essential. This volume is specifically devoted to availability and recycling of phosphorus, regulatory/policy issues of sustainable use of phosphorus, and management in agroecosystems in the context of maximizing the use efficiency and minimizing the environmental risks of water quality.

Download or read book Solid State Fermentation Bioreactors written by David A. Mitchell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-02 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise professional reference provides a fundamental framework for the design and operation of solid-state fermentation bioreactors, enabling researchers currently working at laboratory scale to scale up their processes. The authors survey bioreactor types in common use, and describe in depth how to plan a project, and model heat transfer phenomena. The book includes case studies, and a review of practical issues involved in bioreactor performance.

Download or read book Integrated Nutrient Management for Sustainable Crop Production written by Milkha Aulakh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-02-25 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both nutrient scarcities and surpluses alike can threaten this balance.

Download or read book The Soils of India written by Bipin B. Mishra and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-13 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the diversified soil regimes in India. In addition to the historical advances in soil research and its limitations, it describes the monitoring of various soil conditions and soil uses to improve productivity. Discussing topics such as climate, geology and geomorphology, major soil types and their classification, soil mineralogy and clays, soil micromorphology, soil biogeochemistry, benchmark soils, land evaluation and land use planning, soil health and fertility and soil resilience, the book highlights the multiple uses of soils in industry, human health care, mitigation of challenges due to climate change and construction. It also presents measures for a brighter future of soil science in India, such as imposing organic farming principles toward sustainable agriculture in the context of the second green revolution besides alleviating the poverty and providing the employment opportunities among the farming communities in India.

Download or read book Wastewater Technology Centre written by Wastewater Technology Centre (Canada) and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Bioprocess Engineering written by Enrique Galindo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioprocess engineering has played a key role in biotechnology, contributing towards bringing the exciting new discoveries of molecular and cellular biology into the applied sphere, and in maintaining established processes, some centuries-old, efficient and essential for today's industry. Novel developments and new application areas of biotechnology, along with increasing constraints in costs, product quality, regulatory and environmental considerations, have placed the biochemical engineer at the forefront of new challenges. This second volume of Advances in Bioprocess Engineering reflects precisely the multidisciplinary nature of the field, where new and traditional areas of application are nurtured by a better understanding of fundamental phenomena and by the utilization of novel techniques and methodologies. The chapters in this book were written by the invited speakers to the 2nd International Symposium on Bioprocess Engineering, Mazatlan, Mexico, September 1997.

Download or read book Enzymes in Industry written by Wolfgang Gerhartz and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzyme nomenclature. Structure of enzymes. Enzymes and molecular biology. Catalytic activity of enzymes. Quality evaluation of enzyme preparations. General production methods: fermentation, isolation and purification, immobilization. Industrial uses of enzymes: survey of industrial enzymes, enzymes in starch processing and baking, glucose isomerization, meat processing, dairy products, processing of fruit, vegetables, and wine, hidrolysis of protein, fat, and cellusose, and inversion of sucrose. Enzymes in organic synthesis. Enzymes in analysius and medicine. Enzymes in genetic engineering. Modifying enzymes.