Download or read book Ethanol and Reformulated Gasoline written by Susan L. Mayer and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CRS Report for Congress written by Susan L. Mayer and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction of Ethanol for Reformulated Gasoline in Ecuador written by Teresa De Jesús Flores Gómez and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Issues Concerning the Use of MTBE in Reformulated Gasoline written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of the Renewable Oxygenate Standard for Reformulated Gasoline on Ethanol Demand Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To assure a place for renewable oxygenates in the national reformulated gasoline (RFG) program, the US Environmental Protection Agency has promulgated the renewable oxygenate standard (ROS) for RFG. It is assumed that ethanol derived from corn will be the only broadly available renewable oxygenate during Phase I of the RFG program. This report analyzes the impact that the ROS could have on the supply of ethanol, its transported volume, and its displacement from existing markets. It also considers the energy and crude oil consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that could result from the production and use of various RFGs that could meet the ROS requirements. The report concludes that on the basis of current and projected near-term ethanol capacity, if ethanol is the only available renewable oxygenate used to meet the requirements of the ROS, diversion of ethanol from existing use as a fuel is likely to be necessary. Year-round use of ethanol and ETBE would eliminate the need for diversion by reducing winter demand for ethanol. On an RFG-program-wide basis, using ethanol and ETBE to satisfy the ROS can be expected to slightly reduce fossil energy use, increase crude oil use, and have essentially no effect on GHG emissions or total energy use relative to using RFG oxygenated only with MTBE.
Download or read book Reformulated Gasoline RFG written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reformulated Gasoline written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Implementation of the Reformulated Gasoline Program written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ozone Forming Potential of Reformulated Gasoline written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-08-23 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Committee on Ozone-Forming Potential for Reformulated Gasoline was asked whether the existing body of scientific and technical information is sufficient to permit a robust evaluation and comparison of the emissions from motor vehicles using different reformulated gasolines based on their ozone-forming potentials and to assess the concomitant impact of that approach on air-quality benefits of the use of oxygenates within the RFG program. As part of its charge, the committee was asked to consider (1) the technical soundness of various approaches for evaluating and comparing the relative ozone-forming potentials of RFG blends, (2) technical aspects of various air-quality issues related to RFG assessment, and (3) the sensitivity of evaluations of the relative ozone-forming potentials to factors related to fuel properties and the variability of vehicle technologies and driving patterns.
Download or read book Fuel Cycle Evaluations of Biomass ethanol and Reformulated Gasoline written by Karin Shaine Tyson and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is limited to creating an inventory of inputs and outputs for three transportation fuels: 1) reformulated gasoline (RFG) that meets standards of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) using methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE); 2) gasohol (E10), a mixture of 10% ethanol made from municipal solid waste (MSW) and 90% gasoline; and 3) E95, a mixture of 5% gasoline and 95% ethanol made from energy crops such as grasses and trees. Copies of the original data are available in Volume II: Appendices.
Download or read book Fuel Cycle Evaluations of Biomass Ethanol and Reformulated Gasoline Overview written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reformulated Gasoline written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Renewable Oxygenate Rule in the Reformulated Gasoline Program written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. Subcommittee on Nutrition and Investigations and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of the Renewable Oxygenate Standard for Reformulated Gasoline on Ethanol Demand Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by Kevin C. Stork and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Reformulated Fuels Act of 2001 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Implications of Ethanol based Fuels for Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US Environmental Protection Agency has proposed a rule which would mandate that 30% of the oxygen content of reformulated gasoline be provided by renewable oxygenates. The rule would essentially require that biomass-based ethanol, or ETBE derived from ethanol, be used to supply 30% of the oxygen in reformulated gasoline. This short statement addresses the very narrow question, ''Would this rule result in a net decrease in greenhouse gas emissions?'' The challenge then is to determine how much greenhouse gas is emitted during the ethanol fuel cycle, a fuel cycle that is much less mature and less well documented than the petroleum fuel cycle. In the petroleum fuel cycle, most of the greenhouse gas emissions come from fuel combustion. In the ethanol fuel cycle most of the greenhouse gas emissions come from the fuel production processes. Details of corn productivity, fertilizer use, process efficiency, fuel source, etc. become very important. It is also important that the ethanol fuel cycle produces additional products and the greenhouse gas emissions have somehow to be allocated among the respective products. With so many variables in the ethanol fuel cycle, the concern is actually with ethanol-based additives which will be produced in response to the proposed rule, and not necessarily with the average of ethanol which is being produced now. A first important observation is that the difference between standard gasoline and reformulated gasoline is very small so that when differences are drawn against alternative fuels, it makes little difference whether the contrast is against standard or reformulated gasoline. A second observation is that for this base case comparison, emissions of CO2 alone are roughly 13% less for the ethanol fuel cycle than for the reformulated gasoline cycle.
Download or read book Comparison of the Air Quality Effects of Ethanol and MTBE in Reformulated Gasoline in the Lake Michigan Area written by Gary Z. Whitten and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
