Download or read book Estimation of Static and Dynamic Petrophysical Properties from Well Logs in Multi layer Formations written by Zoya Heidari and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reliable assessment of static and dynamic petrophysical properties of hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs is critical for estimating hydrocarbon reserves, identifying good production zones, and planning hydro-fracturing jobs. Conventional well-log interpretation methods are adequate to estimate static petrophysical properties (i.e., porosity and water saturation) in formations consisting of thick beds. However, they are not as reliable when estimating dynamic petrophysical properties such as absolute permeability, movable hydrocarbon saturation, and saturation-dependent capillary pressure and relative permeability. Additionally, conventional well-log interpretation methods do not take into account shoulder-bed effects, radial distribution of fluid saturations due to mud-filtrate invasion, and differences in the volume of investigation of the various measurements involved in the calculations. This dissertation introduces new quantitative methods for petrophysical and compositional evaluation of water- and hydrocarbon-bearing formations based on the combined numerical simulation and nonlinear joint inversion of conventional well logs. Specific interpretation problems considered are those associated with (a) complex mineral compositions, (b) mud-filtrate invasion, and (c) shoulder-bed effects. Conventional well logs considered in the study include density, photoelectric factor (PEF), neutron porosity, gamma-ray (GR), and electrical resistivity. Depending on the application, estimations yield static petrophysical properties, dynamic petrophysical properties, and volumetric/weight concentrations of mineral constituents. Assessment of total organic carbon (TOC) is also possible in the case of hydrocarbon-bearing shale. Interpretation methods introduced in this dissertation start with the detection of bed boundaries and population of multi-layer petrophysical properties with conventional petrophysical interpretation results or core/X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) data. Differences between well logs and their numerical simulations are minimized to estimate final layer-by-layer formation properties. In doing so, the interpretation explicitly takes into account (a) differences in the volume of investigation of the various well logs involved, (b) the process of mud-filtrate invasion, and (c) the assumed rock-physics model. Synthetic examples verify the accuracy and reliability of the introduced interpretation methods and quantify the uncertainty of estimated properties due to noisy data and incorrect bed boundaries. Several field examples describe the successful application of the methods on (a) the assessment of residual hydrocarbon saturation in a tight-gas sand formation invaded with water-base mud (WBM) and a hydrocarbon-bearing siliciclastic formation invaded with oil-base mud (OBM), (b) estimation of dynamic petrophysical properties of water-bearing sands invaded with OBM, (c) estimation of porosity and volumetric concentrations of mineral and fluid constituents in carbonate formations, and (d) estimation of TOC, total porosity, total water saturation, and volumetric concentrations of mineral constituents in the Haynesville shale-gas formation. Comparison of results against those obtained with conventional petrophysical interpretation methods, commercial multi-mineral solvers, and core/XRD data confirm the advantages and flexibility of the new interpretation techniques introduced in this dissertation for the quantification of petrophysical and compositional properties in a variety of rock formations.

Download or read book Construction of Static and Dynamic Multi layer Petrophysical Models in Camisea Gas Reservoirs Peru written by Ankur Gandhi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimation of static and dynamic petrophysical properties of multi-layer hydrocarbon reservoirs is crucial for the assessment of storage and flow capacities, compartmentalization, and for best primary or enhanced recovery practices. Interactive numerical simulation to reproduce field logs and core data is a reliable procedure to estimate static and dynamic petrophysical properties of complex rock formations. Previously, Voss et al. (2009) introduced the concept of Common Stratigraphic Framework (CSF) to construct and cross-validate multi-layer static/dynamic petrophysical models by invoking the interactive, numerical simulation of well logs both before and after invasion. This thesis documents the successful implementation of the CSF concept to examine and quantify the effects of mud-filtrate invasion on apparent resistivity, nuclear, and magnetic resonance logs acquired in San Martin, Cashiriari and Pagoreni gas fields in Camisea, Peru. Conventional petrophysical interpretation methods yield abnormally high estimates of water saturation in some of the reservoir units that produce gas with null water influx. This anomalous behavior is due to relatively low values of deep apparent electrical resistivity, and has otherwise been attributed to the presence of clay-coating grains and/or electrically conductive grain minerals. On the other hand, electrical resistivity logs exhibit substantial invasion effects as evidenced by the separation of apparent resistivity logs (both LWD and wireline) with multiple radial lengths of investigation. In extreme cases, apparent resistivity logs "stack" because of very deep invasion. We diagnose and quantify invasion effects on resistivity and nuclear logs with interactive numerical modeling before and after invasion. The assimilation of such effects in the interpretation consistently decreases previous estimates of water saturation to those of irreducible water saturation inferred from core data. It is shown that capillary pressure effects are responsible for the difference in separation of resistivity curves in some of the reservoir units. The final multi-layer CSF is in agreement with gas production measurements and permits reliable flow predictions to assist in reservoir engineering and production studies

Download or read book Well Logging and Formation Evaluation written by Toby Darling and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-05-26 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This hand guide in the Gulf Drilling Guides series offers practical techniques that are valuable to petrophysicists and engineers in their day-to-day jobs. Based on the author’s many years of experience working in oil companies around the world, this guide is a comprehensive collection of techniques and rules of thumb that work.The primary functions of the drilling or petroleum engineer are to ensure that the right operational decisions are made during the course of drilling and testing a well, from data gathering, completion and testing, and thereafter to provide the necessary parameters to enable an accurate static and dynamic model of the reservoir to be constructed. This guide supplies these, and many other, answers to their everyday problems. There are chapters on NMR logging, core analysis, sampling, and interpretation of the data to give the engineer a full picture of the formation. There is no other single guide like this, covering all aspects of well logging and formation evaluation, completely updated with the latest techniques and applications. · A valuable reference dedicated solely to well logging and formation evaluation.· Comprehensive coverage of the latest technologies and practices, including, troubleshooting for stuck pipe, operational decisions, and logging contracts.· Packed with money-saving and time saving strategies for the engineer working in the field.

Download or read book Dynamic Data Driven Investigation of Petrophysical and Geomechanical Properties for Reservoir Formation Evaluation written by David Ojonugwa Onalo and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petrophysical and geomechanical properties of the formation such as Young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, and porosity provide characteristic description of the hydrocarbon reservoir. It is well-established that static geomechanical properties are good representatives of reservoir formations; however, they are non-continuous along the wellbore, expensive and determining these properties may lead to formation damage. Dynamic geomechanical formation properties from acoustic measurements offer a continuous and non-destructive means to provide a characteristic description of the reservoir formation. In the absence of reliable acoustic measurements of the formation, such as sonic logs, the estimation of the dynamic geomechanical properties becomes challenging. Several techniques like empirical, analytical and intelligent systems have been used to approximate the property estimates. These techniques can also be used to approximate acoustic measurements thus enable dynamic estimation of geomechanical properties. This study intends to explore methodologies and models to dynamically estimate geomechanical properties in the absence of some or all acoustic measurements of the formation. The present work focused on developing empirical and intelligent systems like artificial neural networks (ANN), Gaussian processes (GP), and recurrent neural networks (RNN) to determine the dynamic geomechanical properties. The developed models serve as a cost-effective, reliable, efficient, and robust methods, offering dyanmic geomechanical analysis of the formation. This thesis has five main contributions: (a) a new data-driven empirical model of estimating static Young's modulus from dynamic Young's modulus, (b) a new data-driven ANN model for sonic well log prediction, (c) a new data-driven GP model for shear wave transit time prediction, (d) a new dynamic data-driven RNN model for sonic well log reproduction, and (e) an assessment on the ANN as a reliable sonic logging tool.

Download or read book Reservoir Geomechanics written by Mark D. Zoback and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-01 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interdisciplinary book encompasses the fields of rock mechanics, structural geology and petroleum engineering to address a wide range of geomechanical problems that arise during the exploitation of oil and gas reservoirs. It considers key practical issues such as prediction of pore pressure, estimation of hydrocarbon column heights and fault seal potential, determination of optimally stable well trajectories, casing set points and mud weights, changes in reservoir performance during depletion, and production-induced faulting and subsidence. The book establishes the basic principles involved before introducing practical measurement and experimental techniques to improve recovery and reduce exploitation costs. It illustrates their successful application through case studies taken from oil and gas fields around the world. This book is a practical reference for geoscientists and engineers in the petroleum and geothermal industries, and for research scientists interested in stress measurements and their application to problems of faulting and fluid flow in the crust.

Download or read book Probabilistic Petrophysical and Compositional Interpretation of Well Logs and Core Data Via Bayesian Inversion written by Tianqi Deng and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical component of Formation Evaluation is the estimation of in situ petrophysical properties and solid/fluid composition of rocks from multiple well logs and core laboratory measurements. Commercial software solutions abound; they typically use linear/quasi-linear multi-mineral analysis to calculate the concentrations of rock solid/fluid constituents from multiple well logs. However, these methods are often susceptible to abnormal borehole and geometrical conditions such as layer-boundary effects and instrument/borehole-related biases. Moreover, conventional multi-mineral analysis rarely includes uncertainty quantification, much less assessing the impact of measurement noise, abnormal borehole conditions, and inaccurate rock-physics models (RPM) on the calculated rock fluid/solid concentrations. The objective of this dissertation is to develop a general probabilistic interpretation method for estimating in situ petrophysical/compositional properties of rocks from well logs and core data. It consists of two sequential Bayesian inversion steps: First, borehole measurements (e.g., density, resistivity, and gamma ray) are “deconvolved” into a layer-by-layer earth model with associated uncertainty via separate well-log inversion. Second, inverted earth-model physical properties are used to estimate volumetric concentrations of fluid and solid rock constituents via petrophysical joint inversion. In each step, Bayesian inversion implements Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and outputs an ensemble of earth models. Final interpretation results incorporate field-specific a priori knowledge and uncertainty due to measurement noise, instrument/borehole-related biases, and RPM errors. Additionally, a gradient-based MCMC method is introduced for separate well-log inversion to improve the computational efficiency of the probabilistic estimation method. The gradient-based MCMC implements a Gauss-Newton algorithm with Hessian-based sampling to draw samples efficiently from the posterior probability distribution. Compared to the standard random-walk MCMC method, gradient-based MCMC inversion decreases the computational time by more than 90%. A pre-computed surrogate model is also introduced for the rapid calculation of nuclear properties based on radial basis function (RBF) interpolation, which entails ~0.1% of the computational time compared to performing full nuclear-property calculations with less than 0.1% relative error. Finally, the probabilistic inversion method is applied to the interpretation of well logs acquired in multiple neighboring wells. After the mitigation of borehole environmental effects, the inverted earth model is instrument/borehole-independent, allowing a common baseline to effectively compare rock properties across the various wells and detect common rock classes. This procedure also enables the implementation of RPMs and prior compositional models calibrated per rock class to match core laboratory and/or advanced borehole measurements available in a few key wells. The calibrated RPMs and priors are readily implemented in nearby wells penetrating the same rock formations but with a limited number of well logs. The developed multi-well interpretation method is verified using synthetic examples with challenging geological conditions, including thin laminations, significant property contrasts, deep mud-filtrate invasion, complex rock constituents, and various logging instrumental designs (e.g., laterolog vs. induction resistivity). Successful field applications are also documented for the petrophysical interpretation of thinly-laminated shaly sandstones and unconventional organic-shale formations. Results confirm that the probabilistic interpretation method yields more accurate petrophysical estimations compared to the conventional multi-mineral analysis method. Estimated petrophysical and compositional properties and their uncertainty are in good agreement with both core laboratory measurements and interpreted elemental capture spectroscopy logs

Download or read book Well Logging for Earth Scientists written by Darwin V. Ellis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-18 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of this book demystified the process of well log analysis for students, researchers and practitioners. In the two decades since, the industry has changed enormously: technical staffs are smaller, and hydrocarbons are harder to locate, quantify, and produce. New drilling techniques have engendered new measurement devices incorporated into the drilling string. Corporate restructuring and the "graying" of the workforce have caused a scarcity in technical competence involved in the search and exploitation of petroleum. The updated 2nd Edition reviews logging measurement technology developed in the last twenty years, and expands the petrophysical applications of the measurements.

Download or read book Inversion based Petrophysical Interpretation of Logging while drilling Nuclear and Resistivity Measurements written by Olabode Ijasan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Undulating well trajectories are often drilled to improve length exposure to rock formations, target desirable hydrocarbon-saturated zones, and enhance resolution of borehole measurements. Despite these merits, undulating wells can introduce adverse conditions to the interpretation of borehole measurements which are seldom observed in vertical wells penetrating horizontal layers. Common examples are polarization horns observed across formation bed boundaries in borehole resistivity measurements acquired in highly-deviated wells. Consequently, conventional interpretation practices developed for vertical wells can yield inaccurate results in HA/HZ wells. A reliable approach to account for well trajectory and bed-boundary effects in the petrophysical interpretation of well logs is the application of forward and inverse modeling techniques because of their explicit use of measurement response functions. The main objective of this dissertation is to develop inversion-based petrophysical interpretation methods that quantitatively integrate logging-while-drilling (LWD) multi-sector nuclear (i.e., density, neutron porosity, photoelectric factor, natural gamma ray) and multi-array propagation resistivity measurements. Under the assumption of a multi-layer formation model, the inversion approach estimates formation properties specific to a given measurement domain by numerically reproducing the available measurements. Subsequently, compositional multi-mineral analysis of inverted layer-by-layer properties is implemented for volumetric estimation of rock and fluid constituents. The most important prerequisite for efficient petrophysical inversion is fast and accurate forward models that incorporate specific measurement response functions for numerical simulation of LWD measurements. In the nuclear measurement domain, first-order perturbation theory and flux sensitivity functions (FSFs) are reliable and accurate for rapid numerical simulation. Albeit efficient, these first-order approximations can be inaccurate when modeling neutron porosity logs, especially in the presence of borehole environmental effects (tool standoff or/and invasion) and across highly contrasting beds and complex formation geometries. Accordingly, a secondary thrust of this dissertation is the introduction of two new methods for improving the accuracy of rapid numerical simulation of LWD neutron porosity measurements. The two methods include: (1) a neutron-density petrophysical parameterization approach for describing formation macroscopic cross section, and (2) a one-group neutron diffusion flux-difference method for estimating perturbed spatial neutron porosity fluxes. Both methods are validated with full Monte Carlo (MC) calculations of spatial neutron detector FSFs and subsequent simulations of neutron porosity logs in the presence of LWD azimuthal standoff, invasion, and highly dipping beds. Analysis of field and synthetic verification examples with the combined resistivity-nuclear inversion method confirms that inversion-based estimation of hydrocarbon pore volume in HA/HZ wells is more accurate than conventional well-log analysis. Estimated hydrocarbon pore volume from conventional analysis can give rise to errors as high as 15% in undulating HA/HZ intervals.

Download or read book Index to Well Logging Literature 1965 1984 written by and published by Petroleum Abstracts. This book was released on 1985 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geological Well Logs written by S. Luthi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logging has come a long way from the simple electrical devices of the early years. Today's tools are considerably more accurate and are used for an increasingly diverse number of tasks. Among these are tools that characterise geological properties of rocks in the borehole. Combined with new technology to drill deviated wells, the geoscientist now has tools which allow him to characterise and develop reservoirs more accurately than ever. This book, written for researchers, graduate students and practising geoscientists, documents these techniques and illustrates their use in a number of typical case studies.

Download or read book Field Examples of the Combined Petrophysical Inversion of Gamma ray Density and Resistivity Logs Acquired in Thinly bedded Clastic Rock Formations written by Jorge Alberto Sanchez-Ramirez and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Limited vertical resolution of logging tools causes shoulder-bed effects on borehole measurements, therefore biases in the assessment of porosity and hydrocarbon saturation across thinly-bedded rock formations. Previously, a combined inversion procedure was developed for induction resistivity and density logs to improve the petrophysical assessment of multilayer reservoirs. In this thesis, we include the inversion of gamma-ray (GR) logs in the interpretation method and evaluate three field cases that comprise hydrocarbon-saturated Tertiary turbidite sequences. Formations under consideration are unconsolidated to poorly consolidated. All wells were drilled with oil-base mud (OBM), logged with triple-combo tools, and sampled with whole and sidewall cores. We transform layer-by-layer inversion results into petrophysical properties via a shaly-sand model. On average, inversion results yield 19% better agreement to core measurements and lead to 28% increase in hydrocarbon reserves when compared to standard well-log interpretation procedures. The wide variety of sand-shale distributions and layer thicknesses included in the example data sets enables us to generalize recommendations for best practices of combined inversion, including criteria for bed-boundary detection, sensor selection, and modification of the "UT Longhorn Tool" flux sensitivity functions (FSFs) to replicate those of commercial tools. The most critical step for reliable and accurate inversion results is the detection/selection of bed boundaries. Inversion of field data also indicates that the minimum bed thickness resolvable with combined inversion is about 0.7ft, and that inflection points of density logs are the best option for bed-boundary detection. We show that combined inversion allows the detection of noisy, inconsistent, and inadequate measurements, including cases of abnormal measurement-correction biases otherwise difficult to diagnose on processed logs. Stochastic inversion is used to quantify uncertainties on layer-by-layer properties which are transformed into uncertainties of hydrocarbon reserves. In this thesis, average layer petrophysical properties of very thin layers and laminations are obtained with a model that considers both parallel and dispersed shaly sand models. Deterministic inversion can be used in conjunction with this model to correct shoulder-bed effects an improve hydrocarbon reserve calculations when packages of laminations are clearly differentiated and have thicknesses above 0.7ft

Download or read book Fundamentals of Petrophysical Well Log Interpretation written by George Asquith and published by . This book was released on 2012-08-06 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petrophysical well-logs are incremental-depth records of rock, mineral, fluid, and other properties of the subsurface. Well logs and the practice of well-log interpretation by geologists and petroleum engineers represent a critical component of the exploration and assessment of potential hydrocarbon producing formations and reservoirs.The fundamentals of petrophysical well-log interpretation are presented in this monograph, which is a compilation of slide-oriented course notes and commentary created by the author over many semesters of undergraduate and graduate class-room instruction and is designed as a self-teaching guide with worksheets.Chapter 1 is an introduction to well-log interpretation, reviews discipline terminology, the types and uses of various well logs, and how the analyst might visually review logs in an effort to identify potentially productive zones of hydrocarbons. Chapter 2 introduces the reader the borehole environment and a view of the zones in a porous and permeable formation that has been invaded during drilling. The algorithmic steps are presented for computation of formation temperature from data on the log header.Chapters 3-7 present to the user the general information and characteristics of the various well logs including what individual well logs are designed to measure and how tool measurements are converted to appropriate units needed for hydrocarbon production assessment. Each chapter presents well-log analysis for two well-known Cretaceous formations: Glen Rose and Frontier.Chapter 8 reviews the critically important "Archie Parameters" that subsequently are used in Chapter 9 to compute the water saturations of the Glen Rose and Frontier formations using the Archie water-saturation equation. In prior worksheets, the reader is guided to the determination that the Frontier formation is a shaly sandstone and therefore the specific methods of "shaly-sandstone analysis" are required. Chapter 10 is a review of additional techniques used to progressively refine interpretation of the two formations through well-log analysis. Additional techniques demonstrated include guidance on the user answering the following questions: (1) Are the hydrocarbons calculated within Chapter 9 moveable? (2) Are the two formations "water-wet" or "oil-wet?" (3) What are the pore types within the Glen Rose? (4) Should the Glen Rose and Frontier formations individually make "water-free completions." Similar to the other chapters, the information acquired and computations by the user are oriented around worksheets so that final interpretations of each formation can be made.Chapter 11 introduces and extensively reviews techniques useful for the evaluation of hydrocarbon potential in unconventional shale reservoirs using the standard well-log suite comprised of resistivity, neutron porosity, and bulk density logs. The techniques will be presented along with four case studies of the gas-bearing Woodford Shale and the three oil-bearing shales (Permian Leonard shale and two Permian Wolfcamp shales).Although the focus of the self-guided components of the monograph are generally restricted to a few select formations. The monograph includes considerable information and examples of, the well logs, host-rock properties (sandstones, shales, ...), and reservoirs within other formations discussed include: Ordovician Gunton; Devonian Marcellus; Mississippian Barnett, Chester, Mission Canyon; Pennsylvanian Canyon, Springer, Morrow, and Upper Morrow; Permian Bone Springs, Glorieta, and San Andres; Triassic Montney; Cretaceous Lewis, Pictured Cliffs, and Woodbine.The slides and commentary in this monograph are expected to be useful to a broad range of petrophysical well log analysts as tools to practical application as well as ascending for the beginner the formidable learning curve of petrophysical well-log interpretation.

Download or read book Petrophysics written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Well Logging for Physical Properties written by Joseph R. Hearst and published by . This book was released on 2000-04-14 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique description of the latest logging technology and how to apply it not only in standard situations but in other conditions, such as air-filled boreholes and partially-saturated formations, and for other applications such as the estimation of lithology type, shale fraction and the movement of fluids in a borehole. Standard well logging technology was developed primarily to quantify the content of petroleum in fluid-saturated sedimentary formations, however, there are many other uses for the technology. By taking a fundamental approach to tool physics, and covering more topics in greater depth and at a higher technical level, this book enables the reader to understand the technology, to ask the right questions, and then to use the answers. It explores the physical principles behind logging methods, including modern methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance, full-wave acoustic methods, and logging-while-drilling. No other book explains all of these new techniques. However, because log analysts must deal with logs run long ago, descriptions of the older technology are also retained. This comprehensive resource will help the log user review the results from the logging service companies, which run the logs and present the results. Throughout the book, numerical values for the physical properties of fluids and minerals help the readers convert log values to actual formation properties. The explanations of technology, practical examples, and numerical data not only make this book an invaluable reference but also permit readers to improve and correct measurements made in the field. Standard well logging technology was developed primarily to quantify the content of petroleum in fluid-saturated sedimentary formations. However, there are many other uses for the technology. This book covers more topics, in depth, than any other book in the field. It is the only book to cover nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging and borehole gravimetry in any depth. Its high level, mathematically and technically, makes it invaluable. It is the first book to cover modern borehole imaging, measurement of fluid flow, in-situ mineralogical logging, logging while drilling, full-wave acoustic logging and electromagnetic wave resistivity, all of which have gained in importance since the first edition and none of which are explored in detail in any other book. The book helps the log user critically review the results from the logging service companies which run the logs and present the results. It will enable the user to understand the technology, ask the right questions and utilise the answers to improve the results obtained from logging contractors. The book gives practical examples of situations in which the authors' knowledge of the technology permitted them to correct measurements made in the field.

Download or read book Reservoir Characterization written by Larry Lake and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reservoir Characterization is a collection of papers presented at the Reservoir Characterization Technical Conference, held at the Westin Hotel-Galleria in Dallas on April 29-May 1, 1985. Conference held April 29-May 1, 1985, at the Westin Hotel—Galleria in Dallas. The conference was sponsored by the National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research, Bartlesville, Oklahoma. Reservoir characterization is a process for quantitatively assigning reservoir properties, recognizing geologic information and uncertainties in spatial variability. This book contains 19 chapters, and begins with the geological characterization of sandstone reservoir, followed by the geological prediction of shale distribution within the Prudhoe Bay field. The subsequent chapters are devoted to determination of reservoir properties, such as porosity, mineral occurrence, and permeability variation estimation. The discussion then shifts to the utility of a Bayesian-type formalism to delineate qualitative ""soft"" information and expert interpretation of reservoir description data. This topic is followed by papers concerning reservoir simulation, parameter assignment, and method of calculation of wetting phase relative permeability. This text also deals with the role of discontinuous vertical flow barriers in reservoir engineering. The last chapters focus on the effect of reservoir heterogeneity on oil reservoir. Petroleum engineers, scientists, and researchers will find this book of great value.

Download or read book The Log Analyst written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling of Resistivity and Acoustic Borehole Logging Measurements Using Finite Element Methods written by David Pardo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-05-22 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modeling of Resistivity and Acoustic Borehole Logging Measurements Using Finite Element Methods provides a comprehensive review of different resistivity and sonic logging instruments used within the oil industry, along with precise and solid mathematical descriptions of the physical equations and corresponding FE formulations that govern these measurements. Additionally, the book emphasizes the main modeling considerations that one needs to incorporate into the simulations in order to obtain reliable and accurate results. Essentially, the formulations and methods described here can also be applied to simulate on-surface geophysical measurements such as seismic or marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) measurements. Simulation results obtained using FE methods are superior. FE methods employ a mathematical terminology based on FE spaces that facilitate the design of sophisticated formulations and implementations according to the specifics of each problem. This mathematical FE framework provides a highly accurate, robust, and flexible unified environment for the solution of multi-physics problems. Thus, readers will benefit from this resource by learning how to make a variety of logging simulations using a unified FE framework. Provides a complete and unified finite element approach to perform borehole sonic and electromagnetic simulations Includes the latest research in mathematical and implementation content on Finite Element simulations of borehole logging measurements Features a variety of unique simulations and numerical examples that allow the reader to easily learn the main features and limitations that appear when simulating borehole resistivity measurements