Download or read book Estimating Long Term Program Impacts when the Control Group Joins Treatment in the Short Term written by Andrew Jaciw and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Randomized trials of educational interventions often face logistical hurdles (Cook, 2002). For example, sometimes they are prevented from reaching their full-term. This would happen if, as a condition of participation, subjects insist on receiving the treatment program within a certain timeframe. This timeframe may be shorter than the full-term required to get a measure of impact as intended by the program developers. If the controls get exposure to the program before the treatment group gets a full-term exposure, then a valid counterfactual to treatment for measuring the full-term effect is lost, and an alternative has to be established by some other means. In this situation, the researcher has a few options, including: 1) to include an outside comparison group as an alternative control group for when the experimental control group joins treatment (Shadish, Cook and Campbell, 2002); and 2) to estimate impact using an "extra-experimental" method (Bell and Bradley, 2008) which uses impact estimates from earlier birth cohorts in the same experiment to build up a counterfactual for the treatment group. Benefits of the latter approach are that it does not rely on an outside comparison group, and it rules out selection bias and the effects of secular trends that may affect student performance. This work builds on the experimental research tradition in education (Bloom, Bos and Lee, 1999; Boruch et al., 2002; Cook, 2002; Raudenbush, 1997). It can be considered is a first step in investigating the merits and limitation of alternative methods of obtaining program impact estimates in situations where a control group joins treatment before a program has had the opportunity to come full-term. The authors compare the pros and cons of quasi- and extra-experimental impact estimates. The work has both theoretical and empirical components which they outline in this paper.
Download or read book Applied Social Science Methodology written by John Gerring and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An innovative textbook introducing a variety of social science methodologies applicable to a range of social and political science disciplines.
Download or read book The Surrogate Index written by Susan Athey and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A common challenge in estimating the long-term impacts of treatments (e.g., job training programs) is that the outcomes of interest (e.g., lifetime earnings) are observed with a long delay. We address this problem by combining several short-term outcomes (e.g., short-run earnings) into a "surrogate index," the predicted value of the long-term outcome given the short-term outcomes. We show that the average treatment effect on the surrogate index equals the treatment effect on the long-term outcome under the assumption that the long-term outcome is independent of the treatment conditional on the surrogate index. We then characterize the bias that arises from violations of this assumption, deriving feasible bounds on the degree of bias and providing simple methods to validate the key assumption using additional outcomes. Finally, we develop efficient estimators for the surrogate index and show that even in settings where the long-term outcome is observed, using a surrogate index can increase precision. We apply our method to analyze the long-term impacts of a multi-site job training experiment in California. Using short-term employment rates as surrogates, one could have estimated the program's impacts on mean employment rates over a 9 year horizon within 1.5 years, with a 35% reduction in standard errors. Our empirical results suggest that the long-term impacts of programs on labor market outcomes can be predicted accurately by combining their short-term treatment effects into a surrogate index.
Download or read book Health Care Financing Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Surrogate Index written by Susan Athey and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A common challenge in estimating the long-term impacts of treatments (e.g., job training programs) is that the outcomes of interest (e.g., lifetime earnings) are observed with a long delay. We address this problem by combining several short-term outcomes (e.g., short-run earnings) into a \surrogate index," the predicted value of the long-term outcome given the short-term outcomes. We show that the average treatment effect on the surrogate index equals the treatment effect on the long-term outcome under the assumption that the long-term outcome is independent of the treatment conditional on the surrogate index. We then characterize the bias that arises from violations of this assumption, deriving feasible bounds on the degree of bias and providing simple methods to validate the key assumption using additional outcomes. Finally, we develop efficient estimators for the surrogate index and show that even in settings where the long-term outcome is observed, using a surrogate index can increase precision. We apply our method to analyze the long-term impacts of a multi-site job training experiment in California. Using short-term employment rates as surrogates, one could have estimated the program's impacts on mean employment rates over a 9 year horizon within 1.5 years, with a 35% reduction in standard errors. Our empirical results suggest that the long-term impacts of programs on labor market outcomes can be predicted accurately by combining their short-term treatment effects into a surrogate index.
Download or read book Williams Textbook of Endocrinology E Book written by Shlomo Melmed and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-05-12 with total page 1920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest edition of Williams Textbook of Endocrinology edited by Drs. Shlomo Melmed, Kenneth S. Polonsky, P. Reed Larsen, and Henry M. Kronenberg, helps you diagnose and treat your patients effectively with up-to-the minute, practical know-how on all endocrine system disorders. Comprehensive yet accessible, this extensively revised 12th Edition updates you on diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, thyroid disease, testicular disorders, and much more so you can provide your patients with the most successful treatments. Find scientific insight and clinical data interwoven in every chapter, reflecting advances in both areas of this constantly changing discipline, and presented in a truly accessible format. You’ll also access valuable contributions from a dynamic list of expert authors and nearly 2.000 full-color images to help you with every diagnosis. This title has everything you need to manage any and all the clinical endocrinopathies you may encounter. Rely on the one reference that integrates rapidly evolving basic and clinical science in a cohesive, user-friendly format, definitively addresses every topic in the field, and has remained a standard for more than half a century. Update your know-how and skills to diagnose and treat your patients most effectively with exhaustively revised content on diabetes, metabolic disease, thyroid cancer, fertility problems, testicular problems, weight issues, and much more. Apply reliable guidance on endocrine conditions of growing interest like hypothyroidism and testicular disorders, with dedicated new chapters that expound on the latest research findings. Overcome any clinical challenge with comprehensive and easy-to-use coverage of everything from hormone activity, diagnostic techniques, imaging modalities, and molecular genetics, to total care of the patient. Apply the latest practices with guidance from expert authors who contribute fresh perspectives on every topic.
Download or read book Views and Estimates of Committees of the House together with Supplemental and Minority Views on the Congressional Budget for Fiscal Year written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Budget and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Final Environmental Impact Statement written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The World Bank Research Observer written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Everyday Heroes Family Caregivers Face Increasing Challenges in an Aging Nation written by United States. Congress. Senate. Special Committee on Aging and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Basic Income and a Just Society written by David A. Green and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2023-07-31 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As governments struggle to adapt half-century-old income and social support programs to new needs and realities, some are calling for the introduction of a basic income guarantee for working-age Canadians. But is a basic income really the best policy response to poverty, precarious work, and unemployment? Is it the best way to build a just and inclusive society? Basic Income and a Just Society provides a comprehensive evaluation of basic income and its application as a primary social policy tool. Drawing on extensive research and analysis produced for the British Columbia Expert Panel on Basic Income, combined with pan-Canadian data and current evidence, leading scholars examine the various claims made for and against a basic income. They assess its potential to reduce poverty and improve social outcomes, as well as the costs associated with implementing such a program in Canada and how it would interact with existing social programs. In examining the key arguments advanced by proponents of a basic income, contributors take a hard look at Canada’s social safety net and its strengths and weaknesses, proposing a different path forward – one that entails a full paradigm shift in social policy and rests on providing the bases of self- and social respect to all Canadians.
Download or read book Access to Health Care Services in Rural Areas written by Sheldon Weisgrau and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999-03 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes: impact of hospital closures; do transition grants help rural hospitals? rural hospital networks: implications for rural health reform; variations in rural hospital costs: effects of market concentration & location; why do so few HMOs offer Medicare risk plans in rural areas? patterns of HMO service areas in rural counties; effects & effectiveness of telemedicine; & access of rural AFDC Medicaid beneficiaries to mental health services. Illustrated.
Download or read book Hiawatha National Forest N F Land and Resource s Management Plan LRMP written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Impact of Worksite Health Promotion written by Joseph P. Opatz and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic Impact of Worksite Health Promotion has been developed through the expertise of the Association for Worksite Health Promotion - the premier organization for corporate health promotion and health care cost management. In this book, a distinguished panel of business and health promotion professionals use their expertise to address important theoretical considerations affecting worksite health promotion, review and evaluate the effectiveness of current worksite health promotion studies, lead you through the steps in planning a program evaluation, and examine specific program studies from diverse worksite settings.
Download or read book Reducing Risks for Mental Disorders written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The understanding of how to reduce risk factors for mental disorders has expanded remarkably as a result of recent scientific advances. This study, mandated by Congress, reviews those advances in the context of current research and provides a targeted definition of prevention and a conceptual framework that emphasizes risk reduction. Highlighting opportunities for and barriers to interventions, the book draws on successful models for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, injuries, and smoking. In addition, it reviews the risk factors associated with Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, alcohol abuse and dependence, depressive disorders, and conduct disorders and evaluates current illustrative prevention programs. The models and examination provide a framework for the design, application, and evaluation of interventions intended to prevent mental disorders and the transfer of knowledge about prevention from research to clinical practice. The book presents a focused research agenda, with recommendations on how to develop effective intervention programs, create a cadre of prevention researchers, and improve coordination among federal agencies.
Download or read book The Marine Corps Gazette written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the XVI International symposium Symorg 2018 written by Nevenka Žarkić-Joksimović and published by University of Belgrade, Faculty of Organizational Sciences . This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 1161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
