Download or read book Establishment of No smoking Sections in Restaurants written by Carolyn Adams Cappello and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-02-21 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data suggest that exposure to secondhand smoke can result in heart disease in nonsmoking adults. Recently, progress has been made in reducing involuntary exposure to secondhand smoke through legislation banning smoking in workplaces, restaurants, and other public places. The effect of legislation to ban smoking and its effects on the cardiovascular health of nonsmoking adults, however, remains a question. Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects reviews available scientific literature to assess the relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and acute coronary events. The authors, experts in secondhand smoke exposure and toxicology, clinical cardiology, epidemiology, and statistics, find that there is about a 25 to 30 percent increase in the risk of coronary heart disease from exposure to secondhand smoke. Their findings agree with the 2006 Surgeon General's Report conclusion that there are increased risks of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality among men and women exposed to secondhand smoke. However, the authors note that the evidence for determining the magnitude of the relationship between chronic secondhand smoke exposure and coronary heart disease is not very strong. Public health professionals will rely upon Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects for its survey of critical epidemiological studies on the effects of smoking bans and evidence of links between secondhand smoke exposure and cardiovascular events, as well as its findings and recommendations.

Download or read book The Rediscovery of Tobacco written by Jacob Grier and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-20 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking written by DIANE Publishing Company and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995-09 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the developments over the past quarter century (1964-1988) in smoking prevalence and in mortality caused by smoking. Highlights important gains in preventing smoking and smoking-related disease, reviews changes in programs and policies designed to reduce smoking, and emphasizes sources of continuing concern and remaining challenges. Tables and figures. Bibliography. Glossary. Index.

Download or read book The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Surgeon General's report returns to the topic of the health effects of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. The last comprehensive review of this evidence by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) was in the 1986 Surgeon General's report, The Health Consequences of Involuntary Smoking, published 20 years ago this year. This new report updates the evidence of the harmful effects of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. This large body of research findings is captured in an accompanying dynamic database that profiles key epidemiologic findings, and allows the evidence on health effects of exposure to tobacco smoke to be synthesized and updated (following the format of the 2004 report, The Health Consequences of Smoking). The database enables users to explore the data and studies supporting the conclusions in the report. The database is available on the Web site of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco.

Download or read book Restaurant No smoking Laws written by John Kasprak and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses Florida and California laws concerning smoking in restaurants.

Download or read book Where There s Smoke written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book RESTAURANT AND BAR OWNERS AND MANAGERS RESPOND TO NORTH CAROLINA S SMOKE FREE LAW ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE USE INSIDE THEIR BUSINESSES AND SMOKE FREE OUTDOOR SEATING AREAS written by Celia Ann Staples and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was used to collect and analyze data provided from a pencil and paper survey mailed to a randomly selected group of North Carolina restaurants and bars. The topic of the study was North Carolina's smoke-free restaurants and bars law. The two purposes of this study were: 1) to assess whether, after five years of implementation of the N.C. smoke-free law, restaurant and bar owners and managers receive complaints about the law, and whether they are experiencing the benefits promised when the law was first passed and 2) to explore their actions and interest related to policies that go beyond what is covered in the state law, specifically prohibiting the use of electronic cigarettes indoors and/or providing smoke-free seating areas for customers outside. A 20-question survey was mailed to 663 restaurant and bar owners/managers. The overall response rate was 20.3% (23% for restaurants and 17% for bars). The total number of surveys analyzed was 135 (86 from restaurants and 49 from bars). All participants acknowledged knowing about the smoke-free law, and the two most frequently selected benefits for restaurants and bars were customers breathing less tobacco smoke (65.2%) and fewer complaints about secondhand smoke (58.5%). Another frequently selected benefit of the law was reduced maintenance and cleaning costs (45.9%). A total of 79.1% of restaurants and 73.5% of bars reported at least one benefit from the smoke-free law. Further analysis showed that while restaurant and bar owners/managers receive few complaints about secondhand smoke, more than half of bars reported receiving complaints during the last 12 months from smoking customers and employees about not having a place indoors to smoke. Qualitative analysis of comments responding to an open-ended question showed that bar owners and managers tend to be less happy with the smoke-free law than restaurant owners and managers. Bar owners and managers also shared specific problems with the law and recommended solutions to those problems. Restaurants were found to be significantly more likely than bars to restrict the use of electronic cigarettes inside their businesses, with more than two-thirds of restaurant participants either banning their use inside or limiting their use to designated areas. Restaurants and bars did not show a statistically significant difference in smoke-free outdoor customer areas, with 29% of all participants reporting some smoke-free policy for outdoor customer areas. A moderate number of participants said they are interested in more information about restricting electronic cigarette use (14.3%) and more information about creating smoke-free outdoor customer areas (18.6%). Trends and interest in both of these policy areas create an opportunity for public health to respond with programs and policy efforts.

Download or read book Major Local Smoking Ordinances in the United States written by Mark Pertschuk and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reducing Tobacco Related Cancer Incidence and Mortality written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-16 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in United States, causing more than 440,000 deaths annually and resulting in $193 billion in health-related economic losses each year-$96 billion in direct medical costs and $97 billion in lost productivity. Since the first U.S. Surgeon General's report on smoking in 1964, more than 29 Surgeon General's reports, drawing on data from thousands of studies, have documented the overwhelming and conclusive biologic, epidemiologic, behavioral, and pharmacologic evidence that tobacco use is deadly. This evidence base links tobacco use to the development of multiple types of cancer and other life-threatening conditions, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Smoking accounts for at least 30 percent of all cancer deaths, and 80 percent of lung cancer deaths. Despite the widespread agreement on the dangers of tobacco use and considerable success in reducing tobacco use prevalence from over 40 percent at the time of the 1964 Surgeon General's report to less than 20 percent today, recent progress in reducing tobacco use has slowed. An estimated 18.9 percent of U.S. adults smoke cigarettes, nearly one in four high school seniors smoke, and 13 percent of high school males use smokeless tobacco products. In recognition that progress in combating cancer will not be fully achieved without addressing the tobacco problem, the National Cancer Policy Forum of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened a public workshop, Reducing Tobacco-Related Cancer Incidence and Mortality, June 11-12, 2012 in Washington, DC. In opening remarks to the workshop participants, planning committee chair Roy Herbst, professor of medicine and of pharmacology and chief of medical oncology at Yale Cancer Center and Smilow Cancer Hospital, described the goals of the workshop, which were to examine the current obstacles to tobacco control and to discuss potential policy, outreach, and treatment strategies that could overcome these obstacles and reduce tobacco-related cancer incidence and mortality. Experts explored a number of topics, including: the changing demographics of tobacco users and the changing patterns of tobacco product use; the influence of tobacco use on cancer incidence and cancer treatment outcomes; tobacco dependence and cessation programs; federal and state level laws and regulations to curtail tobacco use; tobacco control education, messaging, and advocacy; financial and legal challenges to tobacco control efforts; and research and infrastructure needs to support tobacco control strategies, reduce tobacco related cancer incidence, and improve cancer patient outcomes. Reducing Tobacco-Related Cancer Incidence and Mortality summarizes the workshop.

Download or read book Designation of Smoking Areas in Federal Buildings written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Restaurateur s Guide to No smoking Sections written by and published by . This book was released on 1987* with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Does the Latest German Anti Smoking Law Affect the Restaurant Behaviour of the Berlin People written by Nadine Pahl and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-03-27 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1,0, University of Applied Sciences Berlin, course: Research Methods, language: English, abstract: On the 1st of January 2008, the latest anti-smoking law was introduced in eight German states – and Berlin was one of them. Lower Saxony, Baden-Württemberg and Hessen have introduced this law already in 2007 whereas the remaining five states will follow over this year. By restricting indoor smoking in public buildings, workplaces and in all restaurants and bars, the German government aims not only to protect non-smokers against the harmful effects of passive smoking but also to help smokers to give up. But from the economic point of view, especially the German restaurant industry complains that many businesses now witness lower profits and especially restaurants that are not in a position to have a separate smokers section are particularly hard hit. As a result, the latest smoking ban is still a heavily discussed topic, not only among German smokers but also among the whole German population. To get an impression whether this smoking ban really affects the restaurant behaviour, the authors of this assignment conducted a telephone survey among Berlin citizens. And the results are someway surprising. Chapter two clarifies the theoretical framework of developing and conducting telephone surveys by stating guidelines that have to be followed, describing the telephone survey process and mentioning general advantages and disadvantages of this primary research method. The main part of this assignment – chapter three – spotlights the whole research process on the basis of a practical example. Here, the telephone survey about the impact of the German anti-smoking law on the restaurant behaviour of the Berlin people is developed, conducted and evaluated. Finally, based on the own experiences of the authors, chapter four includes some errors that may occur within a telephone survey and adds experiences the researchers have made with the telephone survey method.

Download or read book The Smoke of the Gods written by Eric Burns and published by Temple University Press. This book was released on 2006-10-06 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the author of The Spirits of America, an energetic history of tobacco use.

Download or read book New York Court of Appeals Records and Briefs written by New York (State). and published by . This book was released on with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessing the Exposure and Health Risks of Secondhand Smoke in Restaurants and Bars by Workers and Patrons Evaluating the Efficacy of Different Smoking Policies in Beijing Restaurants and Bars written by Ruiling Liu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is harmful and hazardous to the health of the general public. A large body of research has been conducted in this topic, and great efforts have been made to prevent people from being exposed to SHS. Legislation on restricting smoking in workplaces and many public places has also been increasing. However, tobacco industries have been fighting against smoking bans in restaurants and bars with multiple strategies, which has led to the current situation that smoking bans in restaurants and bars usually lag behind other environments in many countries. As of January 2012, a total of 66 nations worldwide have enacted a 100% smoke-free law in workplaces and hospitality venues, while only 46 of the 66 include both restaurants and bars, and more than 90% of the world population can't enjoy smoke-free restaurants and bars. In addition, tobacco industries have made continuing efforts to remove existing smoking bans, and such efforts are sometimes successful. For example, as of October 2011, 15 U.S. municipalities that had adopted effective smoke-free laws subsequently repealed, weakened, or postponed them due to such efforts. This dissertation aims to quantify SHS exposure and the attendant health risks, morbidity and mortality, among restaurant and bar servers and patrons, to provide scientific evidence on whether SHS exposure in restaurants and bars can be ignored and whether restaurants and bars should be exempted from smoking bans. The dissertation consists of seven chapters. Chapter 1 presents the general background, Chapters 2 and 3 focus on quantifying SHS exposure in restaurants and bars by workers and patrons; Chapter 4 evaluates the efficacy of different smoking policies adopted to reduce SHS exposure in restaurants and bars in Beijing China; and Chapters 5 and 6 assess the excess heath risks, morbidity and mortality, due to SHS exposure in restaurants and bars, and the last chapter summarizes the findings and conclusions from the previous five chapters. The study in Chapter 2 applies multiple approaches to assess restaurant and bar servers' and patrons' exposure to SHS two years after the implementation of the governmental smoking restriction in Beijing, 2010. Of the 79 restaurants and bars monitored in the study, 37 (47%) nominally prohibited smoking, and 14 (18%) restricted smoking to designated sections. A total of 121 visits were made during peak-patronage times, and smoking was observed in 26 (51%) of these nominal nonsmoking venues or sections. Patrons were exposed to a median (interquartile range IQR) of 27 (4-93) ug/m3 of fine particulates derived from SHS (SHS PM) and a median (IQR) of 1.53 (0.69-3.10) ug/m3 of airborne nicotine during their visits. For servers, continuous real-time sampling of SHS PM and sequential area sampling of airborne nicotine, for more than 24 hours in two restaurants, showed obvious spikes of SHS concentrations during peak-patronage times, and SHS concentrations remained high during intervals between peak-patronage times or in evenings due to staff smoking. Servers were exposed to a median (IQR) of 2.62 (1.22-5.40) ug/m3 of airborne nicotine during their day-time working hours by one-day active personal sampling, and 1.83 (0.92-3.21) ug/m3 of airborne nicotine during a whole week by week-long passive sampling. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis rank tests of SHS concentrations by different nominal smoking policies showed statistically significant difference of peak-patronage-time SHS PM and airborne nicotine concentrations, while no statistically significant differences of one-day average nicotine concentration by active area or personal sampling, or of week-long average nicotine concentration by passive sampling. Comparison of results by different sampling approaches showed that both measured SHS PM and airborne nicotine concentrations were significantly related to observed active smoker activities. A slope of 17 ug/m3 of SHS PM per one ug/m3 of nicotine was observed. Time-weighted nicotine concentrations by one-hour peak-patronage time area sampling were higher than those by one-day area sampling and by week-long area sampling; and results of peak-patronage-time sampling could explain about half of the variance of the results by the latter two sampling approaches. One-hour peak-patronage-time area nicotine sampling results were very close to one-day personal nicotine sampling results. Thus, peak-time area sampling is a feasible and also a reasonably accurate way to access patrons' exposure to SHS during their short-term visits and servers' exposure during their full shifts. Chapter 3 develops and evaluates a mass balance model to predict SHS concentrations in restaurants and bars in China during peak-patronage times. The model is based on field data from an intensive study, with field monitoring of SHS concentrations in a representative sample of Minnesota restaurants and bars during representative peak-patronage times, and field data from existing studies of Chinese restaurants and bars. The model could predict SHS PM concentrations reasonably well, but not so well for airborne nicotine concentrations. Using the model and Monte Carlo simulation, the mean (SD) of simulated SHS PM concentrations was predicted to be 135 (182) ug/m3, 90 (129) ug/m3, and 49 (79) ug/m3 in restaurants with smoking allowed everywhere, designated smoking sections of restaurants, and designated nonsmoking restaurants, respectively. Predicted SHS concentrations in bars were about two times as in restaurants with the same smoking policy. These predicted concentrations were used to assess the health risks for both servers and patrons in Chapter 6. Chapter 4 uses field data collected in three previous studies from 2006 to 2008 and the study conducted in 2010, which is presented in Chapter 2, to evaluate the efficacy of different smoking policies adopted in Beijing restaurants and bars during this time period. There were significant overlaps of sampling venues included in each year. In 2006, all voluntary smoking bans in restaurants and bars were completely self-motivated by owners, and in 2007, they were encouraged by the government. Less than 20% of restaurants and bars prohibited or restricted smoking in 2006 or 2007. This indicates that both the self-motivated and governmental encouraged voluntary smoking bans are rarely adopted; thus, voluntary smoking bans cannot protect people from SHS exposure in restaurants and bars. When the Beijing government started to require smoking restrictions in restaurants and bars in 2008, more than 80% of venues did so as required; in these venues, the active smoking rate of patrons decreased, while no significant changes were observed in venues without any policy changes. However, some venues stopped prohibiting or restricting smoking two years later in 2010, resulting in less than 60% restaurants and bars nominally prohibited or restricted smoking, showing non-continuous enforcement by the government and decreasing compliance by venue owners. Though SHS PM concentrations in Beijing restaurants and bars decreased after the governmental smoking restriction in both 2008 and 2010, compared to those in 2006 and 2007, this happened in all the venues followed up with, regardless of the policy changes. In 2010, two years after the smoking restrictions, both SHS PM concentrations and active smoking rates in restaurants and bars were higher than in 2008, regardless of the changes in smoking policy. The similarity of SHS levels experienced by servers of restaurants and bars with different nominal smoking policies during their full shifts in 2010 also showed poor enforcement and compliance of the restrictions two years after the implementation. Chapters 5 and 6 estimate the health risks and excess morbidity and mortality caused by SHS exposure in restaurants and bars in Minnesota, in the U.S., and in China. Intensive field monitoring of SHS exposure in a representative sample of 65 Minnesota restaurants and bars, for multiple times in each venue, showed that more than 80% of patrons were exposed to SHS concentrations above the threshold of eye and nasal irritation during more than 80% of their visits. Patrons' and servers' lifetime excess risk (LER) of lung cancer death (LCD) due to SHS exposure in restaurants and bars in both Minnesota and in China was well above the acceptable level of 1x10-6. And this was true even for patrons who visited designated nonsmoking sections only for about 1.5 hours a week in their lifetime. The LER can be much higher for patrons who visit restaurants and bars more often, or for patrons who also visit smoking sections or venues allowing smoking everywhere. As for servers, their LER of LCD or asthma initiation (estimated for Minnesota and U.S. restaurant and bar servers only) could be higher than the significant risk of 1x10-3, considered an unsafe level by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). In the population level, SHS exposure in restaurants and bars was estimated to cause three LCDs and 32 ischaemic heart disease (IHD) deaths per year among the general nonsmoking population, and 53 new asthma cases per year among nonsmoking servers in Minnesota, 214 LCDs and 3001 IHD deaths per year among the general nonsmoking population, and 1420 new asthma cases per year among nonsmoking servers in the U.S. This death toll was predicted to be 1325 LCDs and 1525 IHD deaths a year in China. In all, restaurants and bars are major employers, and they are also important public places for the general population. This dissertation shows that both servers and patrons are exposed to high concentrations of SHS in restaurants and bars, and the attendant health risks, morbidity, and mortality are too significant to be ignored. Thus, to protect people from the health hazards of SHS exposure, restaurants and bars should not be exempted from ...

Download or read book Does the Latest German Anti Smoking Law Affect the Restaurant Behaviour of the Berlin People written by Nadine Pahl and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-05 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1,0, University of Applied Sciences Berlin, course: Research Methods, language: English, abstract: On the 1st of January 2008, the latest anti-smoking law was introduced in eight German states - and Berlin was one of them. Lower Saxony, Baden-Württemberg and Hessen have introduced this law already in 2007 whereas the remaining five states will follow over this year. By restricting indoor smoking in public buildings, workplaces and in all restaurants and bars, the German government aims not only to protect non-smokers against the harmful effects of passive smoking but also to help smokers to give up. But from the economic point of view, especially the German restaurant industry complains that many businesses now witness lower profits and especially restaurants that are not in a position to have a separate smokers section are particularly hard hit. As a result, the latest smoking ban is still a heavily discussed topic, not only among German smokers but also among the whole German population. To get an impression whether this smoking ban really affects the restaurant behaviour, the authors of this assignment conducted a telephone survey among Berlin citizens. And the results are someway surprising. Chapter two clarifies the theoretical framework of developing and conducting telephone surveys by stating guidelines that have to be followed, describing the telephone survey process and mentioning general advantages and disadvantages of this primary research method. The main part of this assignment - chapter three - spotlights the whole research process on the basis of a practical example. Here, the telephone survey about the impact of the German anti-smoking law on the restaurant behaviour of the Berlin people is developed, conducted and evaluated. Finally, based on the own experiences of the authors, chapter four includes some errors that may occur within a telep