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Book Establishing Industrial Schools

Download or read book Establishing Industrial Schools written by Harry Bradley Smith and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Establishing Industrial Schools  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Establishing Industrial Schools Classic Reprint written by Harry Bradley Smith and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-09-17 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Establishing Industrial Schools Tee purpose of this book is to suggest to a State, a city, or to any community some concrete and practical methods of determining What sort of industrial and trade schools it needs, what should be taught in them, and how to select and pre pare the instructors who are to do the teaching. It endeavors to be specific, to consider details, and to base its conclusions upon trade conditions as interpreted by the best generally accepted principles of industrial education. It should not be confounded with any attempt to investigate and report on the educational systems now in existence or with suggestions for the modification of such systems, except as to the addition of trade instruction for men and women who are going to earn a living by a trade. It seeks to offer suggestions that may be fol lowed by action, that may be used as the basis oi actual school establishment rather than as a basis for written report. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Explanations Regarding the Establishment of the United Industrial Schools

Download or read book Explanations Regarding the Establishment of the United Industrial Schools written by United Industrial Schools of Edinburgh and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-04 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Explanations Regarding the Establishment of the United Industrial Schools: With an Appendix of Documents, Showing the Reasons Why the Promoters Dissent From the System of Management of the Original Ragged Schools The chairman said he felt most anxious for the success of the cause in which they were met. He had, therefore, cheerfully answered their call to attend, and to take the chair at that meeting. The object for which they had assembled was to make provision, so far as their means would enable them to do so, for the physical and intellectual necessities of the destitute children of this metropolis. The object was in itself one of the most pure and enlightened benevolence; but there might, nevertheless, be considerations of great weight which required to be discussed before coming to a final determination on the subject. His duty, however, was simply to confine himself to the expression of a sincere and ardent wish that the business before them might be conducted in a cordial and united spirit, and with an anxious desire to produce that result which, if successful, would be alike honourable to them and beneficial to the public. (applause.) About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Establishing Industrial Schools

Download or read book Establishing Industrial Schools written by Harry Bradley Smith and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Idea of the Industrial School  Classic Reprint

Download or read book The Idea of the Industrial School Classic Reprint written by Georg Kerschensteiner and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-06 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Idea of the Industrial School On January 12, 1908, I was invited by the Board of Education of the Canton of Zurich to give an address in St. Peter's Church in Zurich on the occasion of the celebration of the one hundred and sixty-second anniversary of Heinrich Pestalozzi's birthday. I chose as my subject "The School of the Future in the Spirit of Pes-talozzi," and I called this school an industrial school. What I had in my mind at that time I put in the form of a sermon, as suitable to the purpose of the hour and to the sacredness of the place. At that time I was not concerned with formulating logically my ideas, but rather with touching the hearts of my hearers and inspiring them with an old, but still unattained ideal. It is four years ago since that took place. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Facilities for Industrial Education  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Facilities for Industrial Education Classic Reprint written by Charles Allen Prosser and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-02 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Facilities for Industrial Education The Newton, Lowell, and Somerville Independent Industrial Schools, of Massachusetts, are quartered in old schoolhouses which have been remodeled. See Fig. 4. This method of introducing industrial educa tion is good when the community is carrying on a small experiment or beginning in the work. The expense for rent of the factory or issue of bonds at a time when this might be burdensome to the community is avoided. School authorities are able to find out thru this kind of small beginning what should be done on a larger scale with any kind of train ing. An opportunity is given to prove the worth of the work before larger public funds are asked for. Public sentiment is created in favor of the new kind of education and the public becomes accustomed to the presence of the new kind of education and the need of its adequate support by the community. Abandoned schoolhouses, however, are poorly adapted to the work. The lighting is always poor; the rooms are not the right shape and size; the construction of the building is not adapted to the use of machinery; the building does not appeal to the children from any standpoint. See Fig. 5. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Some Representative American Industrial and Manual Training Schools  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Some Representative American Industrial and Manual Training Schools Classic Reprint written by Charles Henry Morse and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-04 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Some Representative American Industrial and Manual Training Schools The secretary and executive officer of the Massachusetts Com mission on Industrial Education having been requested by the Chicago Industrial Education Committee to assume the direction of a N ational Industrial School Exhibition to be held at Chicago, on J an. 23, 24 and 25, 1908, the Commission took advantage of the opportunity to have prepared for publication in a Bulletin some of the more important facts collected regarding the scope and work of. The industrial and manual training schools which took part in the exhibit. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Industrial Colleges  Classic Reprint

Download or read book The Industrial Colleges Classic Reprint written by Lewis Bollman and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-01-30 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Industrial Colleges I have prepared this article not ignorant of the diversity of opinion that exists on the subject of industrial education; but, whether opposing or concur ring in any views therein expressed, all should remember that it is only by an examination of diverse opinions that those which are correct can be ascertained. It has been prepared, too, not without the hope that it will aid in the successful establishment of the industrial colleges, upon a basis as enlarged as is the magnitude of the interests of the industrial classes in them, and upon a plan that will secure their success, so that, by their success, they will vindicate the right of the industrial classes to equal instruction with that claimed for the pro fessions. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book New York State Branch of the National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education

Download or read book New York State Branch of the National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education written by George M. Forbes and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-07 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from New York State Branch of the National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education: The Factory School of Rochester In the broad sense, therefore, it is felt that public education should be vocational. And there is rank injustice, as our President has said, in the fact that the pupil who goes out of our elementary school to day to enter industrial life does so with absolutely no training or development which would help to open for him the door of opportunity. The President of the Chamber of Commerce of R0 chester says that the average boy of fourteen years of age is a nuisance in his factory. The boy of this age is generally looked upon in this way and is, there fore, locked out; and this is true because he has had no access in his school training to those things that are vital in industry. On the other hand the boys, his class-mates in the eighth grade, who go on through the high school into clerical positions, or on into col lege, find the doors open for them, to a very consider able extent at least, into commerce. But the other boy who would like to enter manufacturing from the ele mentary school, finds the door locked that leads to industrial life. The need, therefore, is to give that boy the same introduction into industry through a diploma given at the end of his course testifying to a training in the industry based upon a fund of practical scientific knowledge that will be recognized 1n the same way that the school diploma is now recognized in clerical or literary callings. His diploma should givehim the same privilege and the same chance to enter his chosen field as that of the other boys who enter com merce or college or profession. Our Factory School, therefore, is established simply in the interests of jus tice to enable the boy who so desires to go out from our school system into industrial life. Another consideration is that some of the boys in the elementary school cannot be stimulated by school work, but their brains can be awakened through their hands. Such boys are found as far down as in the fourth grade, big boys who, because they are out of place, are out of sorts, a nuisance to themselves and to their teachers, often ashamed of themselves and simply waiting to get a work certificate in order to get out of school. This lack of adaptation to the needs of such boys of the ordinary school curricula is one of the considerations that led up to the establishment of the Factory School. It is one of the indications, square and definite, that a school of this kind is required to meet the need. There are cases of boys in the school expelled as absolutely incorrigible, because they have too much energy and vitality. Such a waste of fine material is a crime. They are the very best type of boys for a difierent type of school, and they are entitled to an opportunity to properly develop their powers just as much as those who can adapt themselves to the conventional curricula. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Story of the Sargent Industrial School at Beacon  New York  1891 1916  Classic Reprint

Download or read book The Story of the Sargent Industrial School at Beacon New York 1891 1916 Classic Reprint written by Sarah Louise Arnold and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-12 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Story of the Sargent Industrial School at Beacon, New York, 1891-1916 Those who thoughtfully consider the problem of education in our democracy will not only take pride in the achievements of our public schools, but will also discover the indispensable contributions made through individual initiative, by means of which the common ideal id lifted and the common work strengthened. These voluntary and individual additions reinforce the typical education of the day. New plans are freely tested because new ideals are apprehended, or the ideals of the past more clearly recognized. For such experiments absolute freedom is necessary, with sufficient time to work out and to establish the plans which set forth the new ideals. Ultimately the insight of the individual, thus tested and approved, takes shape in our system of education, and this individual experience is thus added to the common fund. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Establishing Industrial Schools

    Book Details:
  • Author : Harry Bradley Smith
  • Publisher : Theclassics.Us
  • Release : 2013-09
  • ISBN : 9781230367538
  • Pages : 36 pages

Download or read book Establishing Industrial Schools written by Harry Bradley Smith and published by Theclassics.Us. This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1916 edition. Excerpt: ... Ill Selecting The Course Advisory Boards Once the answers to the inquiries suggested in our opening section have been fully formulated and the kinds and types of schools that should be established have been decided upon, it devolves at once upon the local authorities to prepare courses of study presenting the nature and details of the instruction to be given in each course and in each subject of the course. Where this instruction is to deal with direct prevocational training, trade-preparatory material, trade-extension work, or actual trade instruction for pupils over sixteen years of age, it is advisable and well-nigh absolutely necessary to associate with the authorities directing the work an advisory board of representative citizens to assist in the formation of courses. An advisory board may or may not have executive powers, and its function differs from those of the regular board of education in that the former is a group of specially selected men who are particularly fitted to give advice regarding the actual subject-matter to be taught and may not have any authority over the autonomy of the school, whereas the latter directs the actual business conduct of the institution and seldom is capable of giving expert advice regarding the information to be imparted or the means and methods used to impart it. An advisory board should consist of from five to seven members, excepting where there are a large number of trades in one school, when it is well to have each trade represented on the board. In some cases it is found better to have a separate board for each skilled trade taught. This insures careful supervision of the material used for instruction, but may prove exceedingly awkward unless the function of such boards is purely advisory...

Book The Schools of Forestry and Industrial Schools of Europe

Download or read book The Schools of Forestry and Industrial Schools of Europe written by Birdsey Grant Northrop and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-10-10 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Schools of Forestry and Industrial Schools of Europe: With Other Papers N o feature of the Educational Systems of Germany, Switzer land, Austria, Belgium, France and other European countries is more striking to an American Observer, than the large number of Industrial Schools, specially designed to train ap prentices and make skilled workmen and competent foremen. These schools are very numerous, and as various as the kinds of industry pursued in each country or province. There has been the greatest progress in manufactures in those countries where these schools have been maintained longest and most liberally. Geneva has for many years maintained a Horological School. And the Swiss watches have long been celebrated throughout the world. Last summer I visited the new Horological Institute then building in Geneva, a magnificent edifice to cost over and also witnessed the work Of the school then in its Old quarters. The course of study and practice covers three years. There were seven instructors, who are experts both in the theory and practice. NO one can graduate till he has proved his skill, again and again, by making an entire watch of stand ard excellence. The patient training Of these classes, or rather of each individual member, in the minutest particulars, both in theory and practice, and the criticism Of defects in the work done, illustrate the attention given to details in all Industrial Schools. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Riverside Education Monographs

Download or read book Riverside Education Monographs written by Harry Bradley Smith and published by Trieste Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-13 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trieste Publishing has a massive catalogue of classic book titles. Our aim is to provide readers with the highest quality reproductions of fiction and non-fiction literature that has stood the test of time. The many thousands of books in our collection have been sourced from libraries and private collections around the world.The titles that Trieste Publishing has chosen to be part of the collection have been scanned to simulate the original. Our readers see the books the same way that their first readers did decades or a hundred or more years ago. Books from that period are often spoiled by imperfections that did not exist in the original. Imperfections could be in the form of blurred text, photographs, or missing pages. It is highly unlikely that this would occur with one of our books. Our extensive quality control ensures that the readers of Trieste Publishing's books will be delighted with their purchase. Our staff has thoroughly reviewed every page of all the books in the collection, repairing, or if necessary, rejecting titles that are not of the highest quality. This process ensures that the reader of one of Trieste Publishing's titles receives a volume that faithfully reproduces the original, and to the maximum degree possible, gives them the experience of owning the original work.We pride ourselves on not only creating a pathway to an extensive reservoir of books of the finest quality, but also providing value to every one of our readers. Generally, Trieste books are purchased singly - on demand, however they may also be purchased in bulk. Readers interested in bulk purchases are invited to contact us directly to enquire about our tailored bulk rates.

Book The Industrial and Commercial Schools of the United States and Germany

Download or read book The Industrial and Commercial Schools of the United States and Germany written by Frederick William Roman and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-09 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Industrial and Commercial Schools of the United States and Germany: A Comparative Study The conception of this work dates from the autumn of 1907, when the author was a member of the faculty of the State Normal School, Bowling Green, Ky. At that time, the author received a commission from Governor Beckham of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, "to investigate and report on the German School System to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction." The study and investigation covered a period of two and one-half years. Besides visiting the schools in all of the leading German States, the author enjoyed the exceptional privilege of pursuing a regular course on the purposes and methods of the continuation schools of Prussia, which course was given in the summer of 1909 in Berlin by Dr. Kuhne of the Prussian Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The results of this investigation were first published in Germany in October, 1910, under the title, Die deutschen gewerblichen und kaufmannischen Fortbildungs-und Fachschulen und die industriellen und kommerziellen Schulen in den Vereinigten Staaten, Ein Vergleich (Leipzig). This work has been used as the basis of the present volume, though certain material additions have been made since the original issue. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works."

Book German Industrial Education and Its Lessons for the United States  Classic Reprint

Download or read book German Industrial Education and Its Lessons for the United States Classic Reprint written by Holmes Beckwith and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2015-07-07 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from German Industrial Education and Its Lessons for the United States The purpose of the present study is to ascertain in what ways we in the United States may develop industrial education so that it may be of the greatest service to industry and to industrial workers, as well as to the whole people. The economic viewpoint and economic aspects have dominated the pedagogical, and the practical outcome has at all times been kept to the fore. Industrial education for the masses, for the rank and file of the workers, has been the chief concern. I have not concerned myself with agricultural nor with commercial education, however important these fields may be. Industrial education for girls and women has been taken up but slightly. In the United States we lack large practical experience with industrial education for the mass of workers. Of all countries, Germany has had probably the largest and most fruitful experience with such education and has most to teach us. To learn at first hand from German experiences, I spent the summer of 1911 investigating industrial education in Germany. The cities visited were selected with a view to their importance industrially and include a number of the chief industrial centers in various lines of manufacture. The following cities were visited: The city State of Hamburg; Leipzig, Dresden, Chemnitz, and Plauen in Saxony; Munich in Bavaria; Mannheim, in Baden; and Berlin, Magdeburg, Frankfort on Main, Coblenz, Cologne, Dusseldorf, Elberfeld, Barmen, Dortmund, Essen, Duisburg, Crefeld, Munchen-Gladbach, Rheydt, and Aachen, in Prussia. Numerous industrial schools of all grades were visited, a large proportion of which were in operation. Inquiries were made of school directors and teachers, and members of school boards, as to the organization, methods, and results of the schools. The relations of the schools to and their results on industry, and the attitude of industrial employers to them, were especially investigated. In almost every city the chamber of industry was visited and inquiries made of these bodies, which are the best fitted of all to represent the opinions of the masters. In addition, a considerable number of school reports and other printed data were collected, of which one could learn only when on the ground. It may be questioned whether German experience is likely to be largely useful to us in the United States, on account of our differences, economic, political, and temperamental. In Part II I shall note some of the economic differences. The psychological and political differences are well known. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book School Economy

    Book Details:
  • Author : Jelinger Symons
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 2015-08-09
  • ISBN : 9781332532346
  • Pages : 214 pages

Download or read book School Economy written by Jelinger Symons and published by . This book was released on 2015-08-09 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from School Economy: A Practical Book on the Best Modes of Establishing and Teaching Schools, and of Making Them Thoroughly Useful to the Working Classes; By Means of Moral and Industrial Training My dear Sir, I wish I could think this little book in the least degree worthy of your sanction. It may, however, serve as a means of expressing the gratitude which I, and all friends of real education feel to you, as the exponent of the best mode of teaching the poor, and of adapting schools to the wants of life. If this revolution in the prevailing system should come to pass, it will be owing to you more than to any one else. This work is an humble attempt to give practical furtherance to the principles you have laid down. I can truly say, that a very extensive inspection of schools of all kinds, at home and abroad, for twenty years, though it has abundantly disclosed defects, has failed to give me the same insight into remedies that I have derived from the 'hints, ' both written and oral, which I owe to your public zeal and private friendship. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Establishing Industrial Schools   Scholar s Choice Edition

Download or read book Establishing Industrial Schools Scholar s Choice Edition written by Harry Bradley Smith and published by . This book was released on 2015-02-17 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.