Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Universal Child Care Programmes Maternal Labour Supply and Fertility written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Universal Child Care Programmes Maternal Labour Supply and Fertility written by Anna Christina Raute and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Public Economics written by Gabrielle Pepin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of two empirical studies in public and labor economics. In the first chapter, I estimate the effects of the Child and Dependent Care Credit (CDCC) on paid child care participation and parents' labor market outcomes. In the second chapter, I estimate the effects of time limits in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program on access to financial resources as proxied by welfare use, labor supply, income, and participation in other safety net programs.I: The Effects of Child Care Subsidies on Paid Child Care Participation and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from the Child and Dependent Care CreditThe Child and Dependent Care Credit (CDCC), a tax credit based on taxpayers' income and child care expenses, reduces families' child care costs. The nonrefundable federal CDCC is available to working families with children younger than 13 years old in all states, and nearly half of states supplement the federal credit with their own child care credits. The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act expanded the federal CDCC in 2003, and this led to differential increases in CDCC generosity across states and family sizes. I document CDCC eligibility and expenditures over time and across income and demographic groups. Using data from the March Current Population Survey, I find that a 10 percent increase in CDCC benefits increases annual paid child care participation by five percent among households with children younger than 13 years old. I also find that CDCC benefits increase labor supply among married mothers. Increases in labor supply among married mothers with very young children suggest that CDCC benefits may generate long-run earnings gains.II: The Effects of Welfare Time Limits on Access to Financial Resources: Evidence from the 2010sThe Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996 established the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program within the United States. TANF mandated 60-month lifetime time limits for federal cash assistance dollars. Because states reserve the right to set their own stricter or more generous time limits, the 60-month lifetime limit did not bind in many cases. In recent years, however, several states imposed TANF time limits for the first time or made existing time limits more stringent. Using administrative and survey data, I find that stricter time limits decrease annual TANF participation by 24 percent and annual transfer income by four percent. Consistent with binding TANF work requirements and increases in employment among those on the welfare caseload, stricter time limits tend to decrease employment and earnings among single mothers in states without generous TANF programs at baseline. Decreased TANF generosity diminishes these families' access to financial resources.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Child Labor and Fertility written by Ramona Bruhns and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Family Policies to Reconcile Fertility and Labor Supply written by Robert Fenge and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Universal Childcare Maternal Labor Supply and Family Well being written by Michael Baker and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing labor force participation of women with small children in both the U.S. and Canada has led to calls for increased public financing for childcare. The optimality of public financing depends on a host of factors, such as the "crowd-out" of existing childcare arrangements, the impact on female labor supply, and the effects on child well-being. The introduction of universal, highly-subsidized childcare in Quebec in the late 1990s provides an opportunity to address these issues. We carefully analyze the impacts of Quebec's "$5 per day childcare" program on childcare utilization, labor supply, and child (and parent) outcomes in two parent families. We find strong evidence of a shift into new childcare use, although approximately one third of the newly reported use appears to come from women who previously worked and had informal arrangements. The labor supply impact is highly significant, and our measured elasticity of 0.236 is slightly smaller than previous credible estimates. Finally, we uncover striking evidence that children are worse off in a variety of behavioral and health dimensions, ranging from aggression to motor-social skills to illness. Our analysis also suggests that the new childcare program led to more hostile, less consistent parenting, worse parental health, and lower-quality parental relationships

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Health and Fertility written by Anupam B. Jena and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of the Family written by Jorge Patricio Rodriguez Osorio and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Milwaukee, Wisconsin (1994‒1997) a work-based, anti-poverty intervention, "New Hope," randomly assigned an income subsidy-similar to the EITC-and a child care subsidy to a group of economically disadvantaged families. Randomly chosen applicants had access to these benefits for three years. The experimental evaluation found positive effects of the program on labor supply, income, and child care use. Notably, the program also boosted various measures of child academic achievement. Using New Hope data, this thesis offers two novel contributions to the New Hope literature and to the broader research on income and child care subsidies. First, I find that the effects of New Hope on labor supply, earnings, and child care use vary according to whether the family had a young child (six years old or less) at home or not while they were eligible to the program. Furthermore, compared to children older than six years of age, New Hope boosted child academic performance of younger children by more than double. Second, I disentangle the mechanisms that explain the impact of New Hope on the human capital of children who were young while their families were under New Hope. To this end, I develop and estimate a dynamic-discrete choice model of the household and child academic achievement. Counterfactual analyses based on the structural framework indicate that the bulk of the impact of New Hope on the academic achievement of young children is explained because of the policy-induced increase in center-based child care use. Consistently, the larger share of the impact of New Hope on child human capital is explained by the child care subsidy component of the New Hope policy bundle.

Download or read book Money for Nothing written by Tarjei Havnes and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Children of a Policy Revolution The Introduction of Universal Child Care and Its Effect on Fertility written by Stefan Bauernschuster and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Benefits and Costs of Good Child Care written by Gordon Cleveland and published by Childcare Resource & Research Unit, University of Toronto. This book was released on 1998 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report details an assessment of the economic impact of a major investment of public money in good quality child care for Canadian children 2 to 5 years of age. Chapter 1 provides an extended discussion of the background and techniques of economic analysis used to make judgments about the economic benefits and costs of child care. Chapter 2 reviews evidence concerning the developmental and educational impacts of child care on young children. Chapter 3 presents and analyzes evidence concerning the economic impacts of child care on mothers' participation in the labor force in particular, and on family life in general. Chapter 4 considers the economy-wide employment effects and the macroeconomic effects of potential child care programs. Chapter 5 calculates, using a variety of approximation techniques, the value of the benefits and the costs of a program of high quality child care for all preschoolers. Chapter 6 presents the conclusions, which note that the incremental benefits of the identified changes to child care arrangements in Canada amount to approximately two dollars for every dollar of cost to the public purse. The report argues that society has the responsibility to care for preschool and school-age children, and to provide parental leave from work. Appendices include, "Problems with Studies on Child Development" and "Methodology of Costs and Benefits Calculation." (Contains approximately 200 references.) (KB)

Download or read book Low Fertility and Reproductive Health in East Asia written by Naohiro Ogawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-07 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a unique blend of social and biomedical sciences in the field of low fertility and reproductive health. It offers a significant contribution to understanding the determinants of low fertility mostly in East Asia, including an assessment of the effectiveness of policies that aim to raise fertility. It introduces new analytical tools and methods and shares application of innovative approaches to analyzing cross-sectional and longitudinal survey data and macro socioeconomic data to shed light on changing mechanisms of low fertility in the context of reproductive health. The volume introduces the demographic dividend into the study of fertility, analyzes possible impact of population ageing on the amount of resources allocated to child rearing, i.e. the so called "crowding effect" in social care and public spending between the elderly and children. The book also tests the Low Fertility Trap (LFT) hypothesis, a new important theory regarding fertility trends. The book focuses on East Asia which is numerically large but relatively under-researched with regard to issues covered in various chapters. The relevance of the volume, however, goes beyond countries in East Asia. The book breaks new grounds and reveals little known facts regarding the influence of endocrine disruptors on male fertility through falling sperm counts, the phenomenon of marital sexlessness and about the sexual behavior of adolescents in East Asia.

Download or read book Handbook of Social Policy Evaluation written by Bent Greve and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook uses methodologies and cases to discover how and when to evaluate social policy, and looks at the possible impacts of evaluation on social policy decisions. The contributors present a detailed analysis on how to conduct social policy evaluation, how to be aware of pitfalls and dilemmas and how to use evidence effectively.

Download or read book Women Business and the Law 2021 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-04-05 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women, Business and the Law 2021 is the seventh in a series of annual studies measuring the laws and regulations that affect women’s economic opportunity in 190 economies. The project presents eight indicators structured around women’s interactions with the law as they move through their lives and careers: Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension. This year’s report updates all indicators as of October 1, 2020 and builds evidence of the links between legal gender equality and women’s economic inclusion. By examining the economic decisions women make throughout their working lives, as well as the pace of reform over the past 50 years, Women, Business and the Law 2021 makes an important contribution to research and policy discussions about the state of women’s economic empowerment. Prepared during a global pandemic that threatens progress toward gender equality, this edition also includes important findings on government responses to COVID-19 and pilot research related to childcare and women’s access to justice.

Download or read book Babies and Bosses Reconciling Work and Family Life A Synthesis of Findings for OECD Countries written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2007-11-29 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book synthesises the finding of the 13 individual country reviews published previously and extends the scope to include other OECD countries, examining tax/benefit policies, parental leave systems, child care support, and workplace practices.

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 2 written by Robert Black and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.

Download or read book IAS Mains Chapterwise Solved Papers General Studies written by Siddharth Mittal and published by Arihant Publications India limited. This book was released on 2021-04-17 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. The book is designed for preparation of civil services exams 2. It is divided into 4 papers and segmented into topics. 3. Last 5 Years solved papers are given to understand the changing paper. 4. Chapterwise Questions are provided from 2020 to 1997 for practice. 5. Solved Papers 2020-2017 are given for practice. Candidates, who are appearing in IAS Main Exams, are always in need of comprehensive and accurate study material which could actually serve the purpose for the smart and cumulative understanding of the subject. General Studies is a very dynamic topic which requires in depth analysis and vast knowledge. With the current edition of "IAS Mains General Studies Chapterwise Solved Papers 2020-1997" candidates are guided with the authentic source of information following the current paper pattern. The book is divided into 4 Parts providing complete practice of each paper. Every chapter is loaded with good number of questions from 1997 to 2020 along with detailed solutions. Solved Papers (2020-2017) are provided to get the better insight of the question papers and its pattern. TOC Solved Paper 2020-2017 (Paper - I, II, III, IV), Paper I – Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society, Paper II – Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations, Paper III – Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management, Paper IV – Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude.