Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Health and Education in Developing Countries written by Eugenie Windkouni Haoua Maîga and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Health in Developing Countries written by Patrick O. Asuming and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: However, husband's education was associated with lower fertility especially when their wives were also educated. Wealth was associated with higher fertility, reflecting a higher child survival rate in wealthy families. Moreover, controlling for wealth does not affect the effect of education on fertility. We find that the reproductive health interventions affected both educated and uneducated women but the effect on educated women was stronger, leading to the emergence of an education-fertility differential 16 years after the introduction of the interventions. Our results suggest that in settings where men dominate reproductive decision-making, their education status may have a stronger effect on fertility than the educational attainment of women.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education in Developing Countries written by Priscila Hermida and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first chapter of this thesis provides descriptive measures of the intergenerational transmission of education in Guatemala, and how it has evolved during the XXth century. The results show white men and indigenous women, respectively at the top and at the bottom of the education distribution, have higher levels of persistence in educational attainment across cohorts. The gap in average schooling between ethnicities is growing across generations; and subgroup means are not converging over time to the overall mean. The second chapter estimates the causal long-term effect of the earthquake that hit Guatemala in 1976 on the educational attainment and adult height of children. The findings show detrimental effects on individuals who were in early childhood, or of school-going age at the time. These children have respectively 0.2 and 0.4 fewer years of schooling on average in adulthood per each additional SD in earthquake's intensity. Females were disproportionately affected. School-aged children and younger children of shorter mothers in affected areas suffered reductions in height. The results indicate natural disasters are not gender neutral and can have long-term consequences on human capital formation. The third chapter explores the effect of eliminating a one-off parental payment at the time of enrollment in the public education system in Ecuador, on the dropout rate during the academic year 2008-2009. The results show the mean impact of the elimination of the enrollment fee was an increase in the probability of staying in school of 2 percentage points. A larger impact was found for pupils living in urban areas, for students above the median of the income distribution and for males. These findings suggest the initiative had a positive effect overall, but failed to reach children from more at-risk groups of the school aged population.

Download or read book Social Rights and Economics written by Varun Gauri and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author analyzes contemporary rights-based and economic approaches to health care and education in developing countries. He assesses the foundations and uses of social rights in development, outlines an economic approach to improving health and education services, and then highlights the differences, similarities, and the hard questions that the economic critique poses for rights. The author argues that the policy consequences of rights overlap considerably with a modern economic approach. Both the rights-based and the economic approaches are skeptical that electoral politics and de facto market rules provide sufficient accountability for the effective and equitable provision of health and education services, and that further intrasectoral reforms in governance, particularly those that strengthen the hand of service recipients, are needed. There remain differences between the two approaches. Whether procedures for service delivery are ends in themselves, the degree of disaggregation at which outcomes should be assessed, the consequences of long-term deprivation, metrics used for making tradeoffs, and the behavioral distortions that result from subsidies are all areas where the approaches diverge. Even here, however, the differences are not irreconcilable, and advocates of the approaches need not regard each other as antagonists.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education in Developing Countries written by Asankha Pallegedara and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-10 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economists and policy makers around the world believe that education promotes economic growth and reduces the poverty. Investment in education helps to increase individual productivity that provide better earnings, and reduces the inequality in the society. Many governments in developing countries realized the importance of education and implemented new policy initiatives to improve education. Many developing countries introduced free education policies, school expansion programs, and conditional cash transfer programs to increase the quantity of education. Although these new policies help to achieve significant progress in education, many children in developing countries are still not enrolling in schools or receiving a low-quality education. Furthermore, gender disparity in education is another concern in many developing countries. This study assess both quantity and quality aspect of education policy in developing countries using two case studies in Uganda and Sri Lanka.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education in Developing Countries written by Evan Borkum and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Health in Developing Countries written by Anna Welander Tärneberg and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Economics of Education in Developing Countries written by Sebastián Piñera and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education in Developing Countries written by Lee Crawfurd and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Economics of Education in Developing Countries written by Mustafa Şeref Akın and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education in Developed and Developing Countries written by Joydeep Roy and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Health Economic Development and Household Poverty written by Sara Bennett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-09-12 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accessible and edited by authors based at a top institution, this book provides readers with an excellent summary in an easy-to-read style of this burgeoning field of research. In this volume Bennett, Gilson and Mills have gathered together essays written by academics and experts in the fields of health policy and economic development, each underscoring the need for political commitment to meet the needs of the poor and the development of strategies to build this commitment, covering: evidence regarding the links between health, economic development and household poverty evidence on the extent to which health care systems address the needs of the poor and the near poor innovative measures to make health care interventions widely available to the poor. Current and topical, this book is of great relevance to policy makers and practitioners in the field of international health and development and researchers engaged with global health and poverty as well as being ideal reading for students of international health and development.

Download or read book Three Essays in Health Economics in Developing Countries written by María Paola Zuniga Brenes and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in Development and Health Economics written by Shamma Adeeb Alam and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is on three essays on issues in development and health economics. In these essays, I try to examine how different health issues affect economic outcomes and vice versa. I examine individual and household responses to different economic and health issues in Bangladesh and Tanzania. In the first two chapters, I examine how different shocks affect family's fertility decisions and decision to make investments on their children in Tanzania. In the third chapter, I examine how information regarding dangers of pesticide affects the likelihood of pesticide exposure for farmers in Bangladesh. In the first chapter, I examine how parental illness affects child labor and schooling outcomes using panel data from Tanzania. Prior literature provides limited empirical evidence on the impact of parental illness on child labor and schooling outcomes. I examine if parental illness causes households to reallocate children's time from school to work. I find that a father's illness hinders child schooling by decreasing attendance and hours spent in school. These effects on schooling are substantially greater for severe illnesses. There is also evidence that a father's illness has long-term impact on child education, as it decreases their likelihood of completing primary school and leads to fewer total years of schooling. However, a father's illness has no effect on child labor. In contrast, a mother's illness does not affect child education, but does cause a small increase in children's work. Surprisingly, parental illness does not have a differential impact by children's gender. Additionally, illness of other household members, such as grandparents, adult siblings, and child siblings, has no effect on children's schooling. Thus, overall, there is no evidence that parental illness or illness of other household members affects children's schooling through increased child labor. Instead, the results suggest that only illness of fathers, who are typically the primary income earners in Tanzanian households, reduces household income and severely decreases the family's ability to afford child education. In the second chapter, which is a joint work with Claus Portner, we examine the relationship between household income shocks and fertility decisions. Using panel data from Tanzania, we estimate the impact of agricultural shocks on contraception use, pregnancy, and the likelihood of childbirth. To account for unobserved household characteristics that potentially affect both shocks and fertility decisions we employ a fixed effects model. Households significantly increase their contraception use in response to income shocks from crop loss. Furthermore, pregnancies and childbirth are significantly delayed for households experiencing a crop shock. We argue that these changes in behavior are the result of deliberate decisions of the households rather than income shocks' effects on other factors that in influence fertility, such as women's health status, the absence or migration of spouse, and dissolution of partnerships. In the third chapter, which is a joint work with Hendrik Wolff, we examine how different information sources influence precautionary behavior when using pesticide and likelihood of pesticide exposure. Modern agriculture heavily depends on the use of pesticides and has successfully increased productivity, but also led to increasing concerns regarding farmers' health. Mishandling of pesticides continues to pose a serious health problem for farmers especially in developing countries. This chapter describes supply side and demand side regulations for pesticide handling, health outcomes and adoption of health technologies using a detailed household level dataset from Bangladesh. The dataset is unique as it spans the chain from: `where do farmers obtain information from', `which precautionary tools (i.e. masks, gloves) are used' and `what are subsequent health outcomes after spraying'. Previous studies hypothesized that pesticide sellers in developing countries misguide farmers regarding pesticide use. On the other hand, government field extension workers reduce pesticide exposure by training farmers in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques. In our dataset we cannot confirm these hypotheses. In contrast, we find that those famers that use information from pesticide sellers increase the adoption of precautionary tools. These same farmers also enjoy subsequently improved health outcomes. Further, our results show that the agricultural extension program does not significantly impact technology adoption or health. We find instead evidence of social learning as peer farmers, especially those trained in handling pesticides, have a substantial influence. We conclude with policy recommendations.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Health in Developing Countries written by Eiji Mangyo and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education and Health written by Jonathan James and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 1 examines peer effects in the take up of welfare within a school setting- free school meals. Data from the Pupil Level Annual School Census, which collects information on every child attending a school in the UK, is used, defining the peer group using the child's ethnicity and language. Hypotheses about the nature of the peer effect are tested. I exploit the introduction of cashless catering systems which removes stigma. Secondly, by comparing the peer effect for those who have claimed in previous years with those who have not, information is tested. Finally, I test a role model hypothesis. All three have an impact and information is most important for the most deprived. Chapter 2 examines the casual effect of education on teen births and child health. The increase in school leaving age to 15 and 16 increased the years of completed schooling; however, there was no effect of the introduction of new examinations. The compulsory schooling law change to 16 did increase the probability of holding a qualification and reduced the probability of a teen birth. Furthermore, the impact of the increase to 16 also - lead to improvements in birth outcomes, this was primarily driven by the mother having a more educated partner and a reduction in poverty. Other measures of child health are mixed and mostly did not improve. Chapter 3 (with Michele Belot, published in Journal of Health Economics (2011)) pro- vides field evidence on the effect of diet on educational outcomes, exploiting a campaign lead by celebrity chef J amie Oliver in 2004, which introduced drastic changes in the meals offered in the schools of one Borough - Greenwich - shifting from low-budget processed meals towards healthier options. We evaluate the effect of the campaign on educational outcomes using a difference in differences approach; using the neighbouring Local Edu- cation Authorities as a control group. We find evidence that educational outcomes did improve and that authorised absences - which are most likely linked to illness and health - fell by 14%.

Download or read book Essays on Development and Health Economics Social Media and Education Policy written by Qin Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays on development economics and health economics. The first chapter examines the impact of social media usage on depressive symptoms in the United States. The use of social media can potentially decrease the level of depressive symptoms by providing support or increase the level of depressive symptoms by putting social pressure on users. This chapter leverages a fixed-effects model to estimate the effect of using social media platforms on depressive symptoms. I find that using Twitter decreases the level of depressive symptoms by 27%. This result explains why social media usage in the US has grown steadily even though most studies found that more usage correlated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. There is heterogeneity with respect to age, income, education, race, previous level of depressive symptoms, and region. The average labor market benefit that comes from this effect is equivalent to 0.1% GDP in the US.In the second chapter, I examine the performances of different bias correction methods, such as matching and weighting methods, on improving the representativeness of social media data. I find that matching and weighting methods can effectively improve the representativeness of social media users in most cases examined. Matching methods with smaller number of neighbors or smaller radius produce smaller biases. Improving the representativeness of Twitter users is easier than improving the representativeness of Facebook users.The third chapter is a collaboration with Yinan Liu, in which we study the impact of the primary school starting age policy in China on both short-run and long-run outcomes. We examine the household characteristics of the right age group, early group, and late group based on the compliance. Starting school late is negatively associated with cognitive skills, test scores, highest education achieved and income. We also explore the potential explanations why a large proportion of households send children to primary school before they reach the eligible age in China.