Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education of Underserved Populations written by Matthew Scott Farber and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines how current targeted accountability and funding provisions under federal guidelines impact the academic outcomes of the country's more underserved populations.The first chapter demonstrates that accountability at the race level leads to increased reading and math achievement for students. I investigate the impact of school-level accountability on racial subgroups within a school, using a regression-discontinuity design with student-level Texas panel data on third through eighth graders from 2004 through 2011. The targeted incentives increase passing rates by 1-2 percentage points and the scores by .03 standard deviations in both math and reading. These results persist for two to three years after intervention, but fade out by the fourth year. Furthermore, students outside the targeted group are not hindered, with no effect on passing rates and scores. A deeper analysis suggests that schools are not focusing on high-leverage students but rather implementing wide-ranging interventions. I also find that the majority of gains are due to gains among Black students, though it is not clear whether this is due to racial targeting. In the second chapter, I analyze the impact of federally designed and funded interventions on student achievement, both of targeted students and non-targeted students. Under the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) act of 2001, schools with less than 40% low-income students use federal Title I funds for a Targeted Assistance Program, where schools above 40% are free to use those same funds as general school money. This paper uses a fuzzy regression discontinuity design around the 40% threshold with student-level Texas panel data on third through eighth graders from 2004 through 2011 to investigate. The evidence suggests that there is no difference in student outcomes, on the whole or among subsamples, between the methods of using the federal funding. The third chapter of my dissertation shows that the impact of Title I funding on student achievement is complex, benefiting certain subgroups of students while impacting others negatively. I use an instrumental variable research design in order to estimate impacts while keeping external validity through exploiting the large data set available, which includes student-level panel data on Texas public school students from the years 2004 through 2011. Title I funding increases math passing rates by 3 percentage points and has no impact on neither reading passing rates nor standardized scores for either subject. Elementary school students are impacted negatively by Title I funding in both math and reading, while lower-performing and low-income middle school students show large, though insignificant, effects of the funding on both math and reading exams. Unfortunately, this study cannot speak to the impacts on high school students.
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education written by Western Michigan University. Dept. of Economics and published by W E Upjohn Inst for. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Koninklijke onderofficiers schermbond written by and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education and Health written by Jonathan James and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 1 examines peer effects in the take up of welfare within a school setting- free school meals. Data from the Pupil Level Annual School Census, which collects information on every child attending a school in the UK, is used, defining the peer group using the child's ethnicity and language. Hypotheses about the nature of the peer effect are tested. I exploit the introduction of cashless catering systems which removes stigma. Secondly, by comparing the peer effect for those who have claimed in previous years with those who have not, information is tested. Finally, I test a role model hypothesis. All three have an impact and information is most important for the most deprived. Chapter 2 examines the casual effect of education on teen births and child health. The increase in school leaving age to 15 and 16 increased the years of completed schooling; however, there was no effect of the introduction of new examinations. The compulsory schooling law change to 16 did increase the probability of holding a qualification and reduced the probability of a teen birth. Furthermore, the impact of the increase to 16 also - lead to improvements in birth outcomes, this was primarily driven by the mother having a more educated partner and a reduction in poverty. Other measures of child health are mixed and mostly did not improve. Chapter 3 (with Michele Belot, published in Journal of Health Economics (2011)) pro- vides field evidence on the effect of diet on educational outcomes, exploiting a campaign lead by celebrity chef J amie Oliver in 2004, which introduced drastic changes in the meals offered in the schools of one Borough - Greenwich - shifting from low-budget processed meals towards healthier options. We evaluate the effect of the campaign on educational outcomes using a difference in differences approach; using the neighbouring Local Edu- cation Authorities as a control group. We find evidence that educational outcomes did improve and that authorised absences - which are most likely linked to illness and health - fell by 14%.
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education written by Elizabeth Dhuey and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2007 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The final chapter is "The Persistence of Early Childhood Maturity: International Evidence of Long-Run Age Effects." A continuum of ages exists at school entry due to the use of a single school cut-off date--making the "oldest" children approximately twenty percent older than the "youngest" children. We provide substantial evidence that these initial maturity differences have long lasting effects on student performance across OECD countries. In particular, the youngest members of each cohort score 4-12 percentiles lower than the oldest members in grade four and 2-9 percentiles lower in grade eight. In fact, data from Canada and the United States shows that the youngest members of each cohort are even less likely to attend university.
Download or read book Essays in the Economics of Education Children and Family written by Shirlee Lichtman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three distinct essays in the economics of education, children and family. The first essay evaluates the effectiveness of carbonated beverage bans in schools by investigating their impact on household carbonated beverage consumption. I match households in Nielsen Homescan Data to their school district's carbonated beverage policies over the last 10 years. I find that when high schools ban the sale of carbonated beverages to students, households with a high school student experiencing the ban increase their consumption of non-diet carbonated beverages by roughly the equivalent of 3.5 cans per month. I present evidence that the average high school student consumes roughly 4.5 cans of non-diet soda per month in school, when carbonated beverages are available. Thus, the results suggest that the drop in student school consumption is substantially offset by increased household consumption. The second essay explores the effectiveness of motivating students to improve their academic performance through conditioning various privileges. I show that conditioning the privilege of going off campus during the school day on certain academic (GPA, test scores, etc.) or behavioral (absences, probation, etc.) criteria improves high school students' test scores and decreases their dropout rates. These results shed light on student incentive programs intended to increase academic performance. The third essay asks how conditioning a monetary benefit on individuals' family status can create distortions, even in individuals' seemingly personal decisions, such as the birth of a child. I exploit a 21-month lag between announcing California's introduction of the first paid parental leave program in the United States and its scheduled implementation to evaluate whether women timed their pregnancies in order to be eligible for the expected benefit. Using natality data, documenting all births in the United States, I show that the distribution of California births in 2004 significantly shifted from the first half of the year to the second half of the year, immediately after the program's implementation. While the effect is present for all population segments of new mothers, it is largest for disadvantaged mothers - with lower education levels, of Hispanic origin, younger, and not married.
Download or read book Essays in the Economics of Education written by George Bright Bulman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines questions in the economics of education. I estimate the college enrollment effects of attending a high school that hosts an SAT testing center on campus, the heterogeneous capitalization of school quality across high and low income communities, and the effect of an Advanced Placement curriculum on college outcomes. To answer these questions, I construct several new student and household level data sets and exploit novel sources of variation. The results suggest that some students' college decisions are sensitive to seemingly minor obstacles, that districts in high income communities reap greater financial rewards for performance than low income districts, and that Advanced Placement courses and exams promote modest gains in college graduation rates.
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education and Health written by Joshua A. Price and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains three distinct chapters. Each chapter utilizes a different type of data set and implements a different method to identify causal relationships regarding current issues in the economics of education and health. The first chapter analyzes persistence of minority and female students in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) majors in college. I utilize student-course level data for all students attending public four-year universities to determine whether having an instructor of the same race or same gender affects persistence of black and female students within STEM fields. I implement an instrumental variable strategy to control for self selection into courses. Results indicate that black students who have an introductory STEM course taught by a black instructor are significantly more likely to persist in a STEM field after the first year. However, female students are less likely to persist when their introductory STEM courses are taught by female instructors. The second chapter (co-authored with Dr.John Cawley at Cornell University) is an evaluation of a program which offers financial incentives for weight loss. We analyze data from a company which provides a year-long health promotion program that offered financial rewards for weight loss. The types of incentive program varies by employer, with some offering steady payments for weight loss and others requiring participants to post a bond that is refundable based on achievement of weight loss goals. Comparing outcomes across groups, we find modest weight loss for participants after one year. The third chapter analyzes NCAA's Proposition 16 which changed the admission requirements for freshmen student-athletes at Division I colleges. Using institutional level data, I examine how requiring higher SAT scores and high school GPA for eligibility standards affects enrollment and graduation rates for Division I colleges. I implement a difference-in-differences approach using Division II schools and non-student-athletes as the comparison groups. The results indicate that after Proposition 16, Division I schools recruited fewer black freshmen student-athletes when compared with Division II schools. Additionally, I find that higher admission standards did not increase graduation rates at Division I schools.
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education and Health written by Iman Dadgar and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Two Essays on the Economics of Education written by Nicolás A. Grau Veloso and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education written by Eric Parsons and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first chapter in this dissertation follows a cohort of initially high performing Missouri students from grade-3 through grade-9 and examines which school factors influence their academic success. Three key findings emerge. First, in terms of performance on standardized tests, schools that are effective in promoting academic growth among low performing students are also generally effective with high performing students. Second, high performing students who attend disadvantaged schools are more likely to take Algebra I later relative to their counterparts who attend more advantaged schools. Third, somewhat surprisingly, increasing the number of high performing students in a school negatively affects high performing student outcomes. The second chapter in this dissertation looks at using test measurement error (TME) to improve the precision of value added estimates. I incorporate information about TME directly into VAMs, focusing on TME that derives from the testing instrument itself. In my analysis, I estimate VAMs using Missouri micro data and estimates of TME provided by a major test publisher. I find that inference from VAMs is improved by making simple TME adjustments to the models. This improvement is on the order of what one could expect if teacher-level sample sizes were increased by 11 to 17 percent.
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education written by Jonathan Meer and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education written by Alexander Thomas Whalley and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Education written by Douglas N. Harris and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on the economics of education written by David Kiss and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education written by Sarah Ann Hastedt and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
