Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Child Care and Child Custody written by Jennifer L. Hafer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In my first essay I use data from licensed child care centers in the state of Arkansas to examine the relationship between quality and price charged. To measure quality, I use Arkansas's Better Beginnings Quality Rating and Improvement System, a tier-structured voluntary certification program which can be viewed as a voluntary increase in regulations for licensed child care centers which allows them to send an observable signal of quality to consumers. Using an hedonic pricing estimation with controls for varying geographic markets, results indicate firms with Better Beginnings classification charge higher prices once the highest levels of certification are obtained. The results provide support for policy in favor of greater reporting or release of information regarding child care characteristics, especially those associated with higher quality care, which allow child care facilities to make their quality known in a way that is easily observable. My second essay seeks to answer the question: Why do some divorcing couples use the courts to settle child custody disputes? Settlement literature predicts that cases should settle efficiently and avoid court costs under symmetric information. Shavell (1993) proposes that settlement failure occurs when the resource under dispute is indivisible and the value placed on it is so high that wealth constraints are binding. These characteristics are present in child custody disputes. In these cases, sharing children through joint custody may be impractical because parents are not able or willing to share. The paper uses the Stanford Child Custody data set to empirically analyze how indivisibility may lead to settlement failure in child custody disputes using variables such as distance between the divorced parents' households, levels of hostility, and differences in custody type filed. Other variables included in the analysis are income, home ownership, involvement levels of each parent with the children, number of children, each parent's desire to settle the divorce case outside of the courts, and the use of lawyers. Results show that parents who file for different types of physical custody and couples that display high levels of hostility are more likely to end up in court. My final essay examines the hypothesis that divorcing couples make trade-offs between child custody and child support in order to secure their preferred custody outcome. Mnookin and Kornhauser (1979) introduce the concept of "bargaining in the shadow of the law" which describes negotiations made between parents in the framework of their existing legal setting. Using data from the Stanford Child Custody Study, I test to see if parents, specifically mothers, accept lower amounts of child support in order to receive sole physical custody of their children. Using a two-stage estimation approach to account for the joint determination of child custody and child support, I find that the legal environment surrounding divorce proceedings, including aspects such as mandatory mediation along with a preference of the courts for joint custody, significantly increases the likelihood of joint physical custody. Results from the estimation of the child support equation suggest that along with the typical guideline variables such as income of the parents, number of children, and visitation, the time between separation and filing for divorce and the mother filing for divorce significantly decrease the support award while lawyer representation of the mother significantly increases the amount of child support issued. Using a selection model, I find that the significant negative relationship between the custody and support equations, accounted for in the selection term, signifies that mothers who "win" their preferred custody are accepting lower amounts of child support.

Download or read book Three Essays on Household Inequality Bargaining and Child Custody written by Dung Kieu Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quarterly Essay 29 Love and Money written by Anne Manne and published by Black Inc.. This book was released on 2008-03-01 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Love and Money, Anne Manne looks at the religion of work – its high priests and sacrificial lambs. As family life and motherhood feel the pressure of the market, she asks whether the chief beneficiaries are self-interested employers and child-care corporations. This is an essay that ranges widely and entertainingly across contemporary culture: it casts an inquisitive eye over the modern marriage of Kevin Rudd and Therese Rein, and considers the time-bind and the shadow economy of care. Most fundamentally, it is an essay about pressure: the pressure to balance care for others and the world of work. Manne argues that devaluing motherhood - still central to so many women's lives - has done feminism few favours. For women on the frontline of the work-centred society, it has made for hard choices. Eloquently and persuasively, Manne tells what happened when feminism adapted itself to the free market and argues that any true definition of equality has to take into account dependency and care for others. ‘It is falling fertility ... above all else, which gives women a political bargaining chip of a new and powerful kind. Policy makers, formerly deaf to mothers' needs, will have no choice but to listen.’ —Anne Manne, Love and Money ‘Anne Manne shows a depth and range of analysis that is rare in social-science writing today. Her arguments go behind the child-care debate, behind the work and family tension that is now in the foreground of most Australians' daily lives, to ask the really big questions.’ —Steve Biddulph ‘In Love and Money Anne Manne calls on us to imagine a radically different model of social and political life, one that centres around care rather than on gendered notions of the autonomous, unencumbered individual.’ —Julie Stephens Anne Manne is an Australian journalist and social philosopher who was has written widely on feminism, motherhood, childcare, family policy, fertility and related issues. She is a regular contributor to the Age and the Monthly. Her books include Quarterly Essay 29 Love and Money: The Family and the Free Market, The Life of I: the New Culture of Narcissism, and, Motherhood: How Should We Care for Our Children? – which was shortlisted for the 2006 Walkley non-fiction prize.

Download or read book Economics of Child Care written by David M. Blau and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 1991-09-19 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "David Blau has chosen seven economists to write chapters that review the emerging economic literature on the supply of child care, parental demand for care, child care cost and quality, and to discuss the implications of these analyses for public policy. The book succeeds in presenting that research in understandable terms to policy makers and serves economists as a useful review of the child care literature....provides an excellent case study of the value of economic analysis of public policy issues." —Arleen Leibowitz, Journal of Economic Literature "There is no doubt this is a timely book....The authors of this volume have succeeded in presenting the economic material in a nontechnical manner that makes this book an excellent introduction to the role of economics in public policy analysis, and specifically child care policy....the most comprehensive introduction currently available." —Cori Rattelman, Industrial and Labor Relations Review

Download or read book Work Family Challenges for Low Income Parents and Their Children written by Ann C. Crouter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The area of work and family is a hot topic in the social sciences and appeals to scholars in a wide range of disciplines. There are few edited volumes in this area, however, and this may be the only one that focuses on low-income families--a particularly important group in this era of welfare-to-work policy. Interdisciplinary in nature, the volume brings together contributors from the fields of psychology, social work, sociology, demography, economics, human development and family studies, and public policy. It presents important work-family topics from the point of view of low-income families at a time in history when welfare to work programs have become standard. Divided into four parts, each section addresses a different aspect of the topic, consisting of a big picture lead essay which is followed by three papers that critique, extend, and supplement the final paper. Many of the chapters address important social policy issues, giving the volume an applied focus which will make it of interest to many groups. Serving to organize the volume, these issues and others have been encapsulated into four sets of anchor questions: *How has the availability, content, and stability of the jobs available for the working poor changed in recent decades? How do work circumstances for low-income families vary as a function of gender, family structure, race, ethnicity, and geography? What implications do these changes have for the widening inequality between the haves and have-nots? *What features of work timing matter for families? What do we know about the impacts of shift work, long hours, seasonal work, and temporary work on employees, their family relationships, and their children's development? *How are the child care needs of low-income families being met? What challenges do these families face with regard to child care, and how can child-care services be strengthened to support parents and to enhance child development? *How are the challenges of managing work and family experienced by low-income men and women? The primary audience for the book is academicians and their students, policy specialists, and people charged with developing and evaluating family-focused programs. The volume will be appropriate for classroom use in upper-level undergraduate courses and graduate courses in the fields of family sociology, demography, human development and family studies, women's studies, labor studies, and social work.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Family Health Behavior and Child Health written by David Simon and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parental behavior has potentially large implications for child health and child economic outcomes. In three essays, I explore two topics: how the health behavior of parents impacts their children's health and wellbeing, and the degree to which policy can alter parental behavior such that child health improves. The first essay examines how cash transfers to pregnant single mothers via the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) improve child birth weight. The second essay shows that cigarette taxes reduce maternal smoking and improve childhood health outcomes. The final essay documents the correlation between parental and teen smoking using the Current Population Survey Tobacco Use Supplement. As a whole, this dissertation contributes to our understanding of how health transmits from parent to child, an important mechanism in the intergenerational transmission of inequality.

Download or read book The Benefits and Costs of Good Child Care written by Gordon Cleveland and published by Childcare Resource & Research Unit, University of Toronto. This book was released on 1998 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report details an assessment of the economic impact of a major investment of public money in good quality child care for Canadian children 2 to 5 years of age. Chapter 1 provides an extended discussion of the background and techniques of economic analysis used to make judgments about the economic benefits and costs of child care. Chapter 2 reviews evidence concerning the developmental and educational impacts of child care on young children. Chapter 3 presents and analyzes evidence concerning the economic impacts of child care on mothers' participation in the labor force in particular, and on family life in general. Chapter 4 considers the economy-wide employment effects and the macroeconomic effects of potential child care programs. Chapter 5 calculates, using a variety of approximation techniques, the value of the benefits and the costs of a program of high quality child care for all preschoolers. Chapter 6 presents the conclusions, which note that the incremental benefits of the identified changes to child care arrangements in Canada amount to approximately two dollars for every dollar of cost to the public purse. The report argues that society has the responsibility to care for preschool and school-age children, and to provide parental leave from work. Appendices include, "Problems with Studies on Child Development" and "Methodology of Costs and Benefits Calculation." (Contains approximately 200 references.) (KB)

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Universal Child Care Programmes Maternal Labour Supply and Fertility written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Public Economics written by Gabrielle Pepin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of two empirical studies in public and labor economics. In the first chapter, I estimate the effects of the Child and Dependent Care Credit (CDCC) on paid child care participation and parents' labor market outcomes. In the second chapter, I estimate the effects of time limits in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program on access to financial resources as proxied by welfare use, labor supply, income, and participation in other safety net programs.I: The Effects of Child Care Subsidies on Paid Child Care Participation and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from the Child and Dependent Care CreditThe Child and Dependent Care Credit (CDCC), a tax credit based on taxpayers' income and child care expenses, reduces families' child care costs. The nonrefundable federal CDCC is available to working families with children younger than 13 years old in all states, and nearly half of states supplement the federal credit with their own child care credits. The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act expanded the federal CDCC in 2003, and this led to differential increases in CDCC generosity across states and family sizes. I document CDCC eligibility and expenditures over time and across income and demographic groups. Using data from the March Current Population Survey, I find that a 10 percent increase in CDCC benefits increases annual paid child care participation by five percent among households with children younger than 13 years old. I also find that CDCC benefits increase labor supply among married mothers. Increases in labor supply among married mothers with very young children suggest that CDCC benefits may generate long-run earnings gains.II: The Effects of Welfare Time Limits on Access to Financial Resources: Evidence from the 2010sThe Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996 established the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program within the United States. TANF mandated 60-month lifetime time limits for federal cash assistance dollars. Because states reserve the right to set their own stricter or more generous time limits, the 60-month lifetime limit did not bind in many cases. In recent years, however, several states imposed TANF time limits for the first time or made existing time limits more stringent. Using administrative and survey data, I find that stricter time limits decrease annual TANF participation by 24 percent and annual transfer income by four percent. Consistent with binding TANF work requirements and increases in employment among those on the welfare caseload, stricter time limits tend to decrease employment and earnings among single mothers in states without generous TANF programs at baseline. Decreased TANF generosity diminishes these families' access to financial resources.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Universal Child Care Programmes Maternal Labour Supply and Fertility written by Anna Christina Raute and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Law and Economics of Child Support Payments written by William S. Comanor and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This urgently needed, groundbreaking book provides solid data that coincides with the real life stories I have been hearing for years from men and women nationwide regarding unfair child support laws and policies that have resulted in adverse effects on their children and families. I anticipate that this book will have a major positive impact on social policy and the general collective attitudes toward families in today's society. The information presented in this book must be read and understood by every policymaker to insure that child support policies are made just and fair so that all families can prosper.' - Dianna Thompson, National Family Justice Association, US The delinquent payment of child support by non-custodial to custodial parents is a major problem throughout the United States. To many observers, the problem is one of 'deadbeat dads' - men who simply will not make the required payments. The solution has been to enforce payment by the imposition of increasingly stringent civil and criminal penalties. Despite these efforts, the percentage of single mothers receiving child support has changed very little over the past twenty-five years. The Law and Economics of Child Support Payments investigates why this is, and approaches the payment of child support as an economic problem.

Download or read book Clinics Stoves and Ill behaved Children written by James Gerald Manley and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Elgar Companion to Feminist Economics written by Janice Peterson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive reference work introducing readers to the field of feminist economics. It addresses key concepts as well as feminist economic critiques and reconstructions of major economic theories and policy debates.

Download or read book Essays in the Economics of Child Mental Health written by A. Bowen Garrett and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Child Health and Family Economics written by Ana Costa Ramón and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Interaction Between Children s Health Insurance and Parental Circumstances written by Jamie Rubenstein Taber and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first chapter of this dissertation, I study the effect of child support health insurance mandates on children's health insurance coverage. Children are more likely to lose health insurance when their parents divorce or separate, which is problematic because lack of health insurance is associated with reduced preventive care, diagnosis of diseases at later stages, and higher mortality. In order to increase coverage for children and reduce costs associated with public health insurance, many states have passed child support laws which mandate that a parent provide health insurance for the children if it is available at a reasonable cost. This paper is the first to evaluate the impact of these statutes on the number of children who lose health insurance due to parental divorce or separation. I codify the relevant laws by state and year from 1990 through 2007 in terms of the presence of mandates and the number and type of enforcement mechanisms. These variables are then linked to panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), which provide the remainder of the necessary variables. Three main regressions are estimated. The first measures the overall effect of child support health insurance mandates on children's insurance coverage. The second equation measures the first intermediate step, whether child support health insurance mandates result in an order in the child support agreement to provide health insurance. The third equation measures the second intermediate step, whether an order for the parents to provide health insurance results in insurance coverage for children. I find that child support laws requiring parents to provide health insurance do not significantly impact the presence or type of health insurance coverage for children of divorced or separated parents. Additionally, these laws do not increase the probability that the child support agreement contains an order to provide health insurance, and an order to provide health insurance does not increase the probability of either any coverage or private coverage. In the second paper, we study the relationship between divorce and health insurance. Changing marital status is an important source of health insurance change. However, neither the health nor family economics literatures have examined this phenomenon. Using the SIPP, we document how health insurance status changes over time for men, women, and children as divorce and separation occur, as well as the likely causes of these changes. We find modest changes in overall coverage, but these changes mask large changes in type of coverage as people divorce or separate. In the third paper, we look at the effects of government aid expansions on labor market outcomes. While many studies investigate the magnitude by which public insurance expansions 'crowdout' private coverage, we ask a question new question: are such families able to recoup the benefits of no longer relying on employer provided coverage for children when they move to public coverage? Our findings from the SIPP do not show noticeable improvements, though our findings from the Current Population Survey (CPS) show a positive and significant effect on income and hourly wages.

Download or read book The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law written by NA NA and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-30 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A great deal of economics is about law - the functioning of markets, property rights and their enforcement, financial obligations, and so forth - yet these legal aspects are almost never addressed in the academic study of economics. Conversely, the study and practice of law entails a significant understanding of economics, yet the drafting and administration of laws often ignore economic principle. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law is uniquely placed by the quality, breadth and depth of its coverage to address this need for building bridges. Drawn from the ranks of academics, professional lawyers, and economists in eight countries, the 340 contributors include world experts in their fields. Among them are Nobel laureates in economics and eminent legal scholars. First published in 1998 and now available in paperback for the first time, The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law has established itself as a classic reference work in this important field.