Download or read book Essays on Spatial Labor Markets and Public Policies written by Juliette Fournier and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of three essays on spatial labor markets and public policies. I study successively the interactions of space with job search, demography and housing policy.
Download or read book Labor Markets Migration and Mobility written by William Cochrane and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is devoted to three key themes central to studies in regional science: the sub-national labor market, migration, and mobility, and their analysis. The book brings together essays that cover a wide range of topics including the development of uncertainty in national and subnational population projections; the impacts of widening and deepening human capital; the relationship between migration, neighborhood change, and area-based urban policy; the facilitating role played by outmigration and remittances in economic transition; and the contrasting importance of quality of life and quality of business for domestic and international migrants. All of the contributions here are by leading figures in their fields and employ state-of-the art methodologies. Given the variety of topics and themes covered this book, it will appeal to a broad range of readers interested in both regional science and related disciplines such as demography, population economics, and public policy.
Download or read book Three Essays on Government Influence on Labor Markets written by Sang Hyop Lee and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Labor Economics written by Weilong Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of three chapters. They explore develop and estimate economic models to analyze questions of interests to public policies.Chapter 1 develops and estimates a spatial general equilibrium job search model to study the effects of local and universal (federal) minimum wage policies. In the model, firms post vacancies in multiple locations. Workers, who are heterogeneous in terms of location and education types, engage in random search and can migrate or commute in response to job offers. The model is estimated by combining multiple databases including the American Community Survey (ACS) and Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI). The estimated model is used to analyze how minimum wage policies affect employment, wages, job postings, vacancies, migration/commuting, and welfare. Empirical results show that minimum wage increases in local county lead to an exit of low type (education 12 years) workers and an influx of high type workers (education 12 years), which generates negative externalities for workers in neighboring areas. The model is used to simulate the effects of a range of minimum wages. Minimum wage increases up to $14/hour increase the welfare of high type workers but lower the welfare of low type workers, expanding inequality. Increases in excess of $14/hour decrease welfare for all workers. Two counterfactual policies are further evaluated under this framework: restricting labor mobility and preempting local minimum wage laws. For a certain range of minimum wages, both policies have negative impacts on the welfare of high type workers, but benecial effects for low type workers. Chapter 2 poses a dynamic discrete choice model of schooling and occupational choices that incorporates time-varying personality traits, as measured by the so-called "Big Five" traits. The model is estimated using the Household Income and Labor Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) longitudinal dataset from Australia. Personality traits are found to play a critical role in explaining education and occupational choices over the lifecycle. The traits evolve during young adult years but stabilize in the mid-30s. Results show that individuals with a comparative advantage in schooling and white-collar work have, on average, higher cognitive skills and higher personality traits, in all ve dimensions. The estimated model is used to evaluate two education policies: compulsory senior secondary school and a 50% college subsidy. Both policies are found to be effective in increasing educational attainment, but the compulsory schooling policy provides greater benets to lower socioeconomic groups. Allowing personality traits to evolve with age and with years of schooling proves to be important in capturing policy response heterogeneity. Chapter 3 develops and estimates a model of how personality traits affect household time and resource allocation decisions and wages. In the model, households choose between two behavioral modes: cooperative or noncooperative. Spouses receive wage offers and allocate time to supply labor market hours and to produce a public good. Personality traits, measured by the so-called "Big Five" traits, can affect household bargaining weights and wage offers. Model parameters are estimated by Simulated Method of Moments using the Household Income and Labor Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) data. Personality traits are found to be important determinants of household bargaining weights and of wage offers and to have substantial implications for understanding the sources of gender wage disparities.
Download or read book Essays on Urban Spatial Structure Job Search Job Mobility written by Rucker Charles Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Work place written by Jamie Peck and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 1996-04-06 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Challenging the prevailing idea that labor markets are governed by universal economic processes, this significant work argues instead that labor markets develop in tandem with social and political institutions, and thus function in locally specific ways. Focusing on the complex social processes that lie at the heart of the labor market, the author offers a provocative new perspective and proposes new ways of conducting research in the area.
Download or read book Moving for Prosperity written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Migration presents a stark policy dilemma. Research repeatedly confirms that migrants, their families back home, and the countries that welcome them experience large economic and social gains. Easing immigration restrictions is one of the most effective tools for ending poverty and sharing prosperity across the globe. Yet, we see widespread opposition in destination countries, where migrants are depicted as the primary cause of many of their economic problems, from high unemployment to declining social services. Moving for Prosperity: Global Migration and Labor Markets addresses this dilemma. In addition to providing comprehensive data and empirical analysis of migration patterns and their impact, the report argues for a series of policies that work with, rather than against, labor market forces. Policy makers should aim to ease short-run dislocations and adjustment costs so that the substantial long-term benefits are shared more evenly. Only then can we avoid draconian migration restrictions that will hurt everybody. Moving for Prosperity aims to inform and stimulate policy debate, facilitate further research, and identify prominent knowledge gaps. It demonstrates why existing income gaps, demographic differences, and rapidly declining transportation costs mean that global mobility will continue to be a key feature of our lives for generations to come. Its audience includes anyone interested in one of the most controversial policy debates of our time.
Download or read book Essays on Labor Markets written by Vikram Kumar and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Labor and Urban Economics written by Mark Johnson Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of three unrelated essays in the fields of labor and urban economics. The first essay exploits the creation of a formal college system in Quebec in the late 1960's as a quasi-experiment to estimate the value of community college. Focusing on the effect of the policy on English-speaking Quebecois, the creation of the CEGEPs (Colleges of General and Vocational Education) is shown to increase schooling by about a third of a year for both men and women, without diverting students from university. Despite increasing educational attainment, estimates of the impact of CEGEP on wages are negative. Analysis suggests the negative estimates can be understood as a combination of lost labor market experience, a decrease in the return to university, and an insignificant return to CEGEP. The results are robust to the inclusion of controls and across years of data. Possible interpretations of the results are discussed. The second essay, co-authored with William Wheaton, examines the relationship between labor market agglomeration and wages. Using the 5% public use micro sample of the 1990 U.S. census, we find that observationally equivalent workers in the manufacturing sector earn higher wages when they are in urban labor markets that have a larger share of national or metropolitan employment in their same occupation and industry groups. Quantitatively, the effect is large, with an elasticity (measured at the means) of between 1.2 and 3.6 for these effects. We interpret the willingness of firms to pay more for equivalent workers in dense markets as evidence of an agglomeration economy in urban labor. The third chapter estimates the effect of employment dispersion on average commute times in American cities. Using a sample of over two hundred cities, I find that residents of cities where employment is more geographically disperse have lower average commute times than residents of cities where employment is more centralized. The results are robust to the inclusion of city fixed effects. An instrumental variables strategy is employed to try to account for potential simultaneity between changes in employment dispersion and changes in commute times.
Download or read book Two Essays on Labor Market Dynamics and Government Intervention written by Christina Gathmann and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Organizing the Landscape written by Andrew Herod and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Labor Markets and Economic Growth written by Kangchul Jo and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Trade Policies written by Mengqi Wang and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation aims to comprehensively analyze the influence of government policies in international markets on agent decisions, as well as the broader macroeconomic implications of these policies. Reducing trade costs significantly affects how resources and economic activities are distributed spatially. Yet, internal frictions, particularly common in developing countries, obstruct efficient resource allocation across regions. Developing nations address this by combining trade liberalization with internal reforms or subsidies. Understanding how these reductions in trade costs and the mitigation of internal frictions interact is crucial for assessing policy effectiveness, especially regarding export outcomes. In Chapter One, titled "Spatial Implications of Trade Cost Reduction with Resource Reallocation Frictions,'' a dynamic spatial general equilibrium model is developed to study how changes in external trade costs and internal frictions affect export growth. The model incorporates costs of goods trade within and across borders, labor migration, and firms' borrowing. Using China's early 2000s reforms for calibration, the analysis shows that both external and internal reforms significantly boosted export growth, with domestic financial frictions playing a key role. Additionally, the study identifies a complementary relationship between external and internal factors, emphasizing the importance of addressing financial frictions and capital accumulation to enhance the effectiveness of trade cost reduction. The redistribution of resources among firms is another reason economic frictions may impede export growth following reductions in external trade costs. Chapter Two, titled "Internal Reforms, Trade Liberalization, and Labor Market Outcomes in China,'' investigates how changes in trade costs and the size of the state-owned sector influence unemployment rates and job turnovers. Using a small open economy model, calibrated with early 2000s reforms in China, I find that reducing trade costs alone has minimal impact on labor markets without concurrent reductions in the state-owned sector size. This chapter underscores the complementary effect, emphasizing the enhanced labor market adjustments resulting from trade cost reductions combined with reductions in the state-owned sector size. Recent trade tensions have underscored the risks associated with policy-induced geoeconomic fragmentation, emphasizing the importance of understanding complex global supply chains and trade partnerships. Chapter Three, titled "Trade Diversion Effects from Global Tensions'' (co-authored with Swarnali Ahmed Hannan), estimates the trade diversion effect on Mexico's exports to the United States during the 2018 U.S.-China trade tensions. We find positive trade diversion effects, with the U.S. shifting imports from China to Mexico, particularly for products affected by U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods. However, limited evidence suggests significant transmission of the trade diversion effect through input-output linkages in the short run.
Download or read book Spatial Divisions of Labour written by Doreen Massey and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 1995-06-28 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of Spatial Divisions of Labour rapidly became a classic. It had enormous influence on thinking about uneven development, the nature of economic space, and the conceptualisation of place arguing for an approach embedding all these issues in a notion of spatialised social relations. This second edition includes a new first chapter and an extensive additional concluding essay addressing key issues in the debates and controversies which followed initial publication.
Download or read book Essays on Labor Markets written by Fabrizio Colonna and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Five essays on globalization and labor markets written by Frode Meland and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Jobs and Economic Development in Minority Communities written by Paul Ong and published by Temple University Press. This book was released on 2006-07-15 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past four decades, the forces of economic restructuring, globalization, and suburbanization, coupled with changes in social policies have dimmed hopes for revitalizing minority neighborhoods in the U.S. Community economic development offers a possible way to improve economic and employment opportunities in minority communities. In this authoritative collection of original essays, contributors evaluate current programs and their prospects for future success.Using case studies that consider communities of African-Americans, Latinos, Asian immigrants, and Native Americans, the book is organized around four broad topics. "The Context" explores the larger demographic, economic, social, and physical forces at work in the marginalization of minority communities. "Labor Market Development" discusses the factors that shape supply and demand and examines policies and strategies for workforce development. "Business Development" focuses on opportunities and obstacles for minority-owned businesses. "Complementary Strategies" probes the connections between varied economic development strategies, including the necessity of affordable housing and social services.Taken together, these essays offer a comprehensive primer for students as well as an informative overview for professionals.
