Download or read book Essays on Labour Markets and the Business Cycle written by Eman Abdulla and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Aggregate Labor Market Business Cycle Fluctuations written by Thomas Sedgwick Coleman and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Labor Markets in Action written by Richard Barry Freeman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Labor Market Economics written by Benedikt Herz and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of three essays. In the first essay, I empirically evaluate the importance of wait unemployment. Instead of taking the next best job, a displaced worker has an incentive to stay unemployed and wait for a vacancy that matches his skills. Using a difference-in-difference approach for identification, I find that this mechanism is an important component of aggregate unemployment in the U.S. labor market. In the second essay (co-authored with Thijs van Rens), we propose an accounting framework to decompose mismatch unemployment into different components and analyze its behavior over the business cycle. In the third essay, I reevaluate the evidence for job polarization in the U.S. labor market. I find that existing evidence is biased. What really mattered for changes in the occupation structure since the 1990s was the education-premium.
Download or read book Essays in Macroeconomics and Labor Markets written by Lawrence F. Warren and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contributes to the current understanding of labor markets, focusing on the use of micro level data and computational modeling to study the interaction of unemployment with various aspects of the macroeconomy. I address the fact that frictions in the labor market carry over into other dimensions of firms' and workers' decisions, such as a firm's incentive to utilize its current labor force, workers' participation in the labor market, and the decision to acquire or discharge debt. In Chapter 1, I study involuntary part-time employment over the business cycle. I document that the population at work part-time for economic reasons ($PTE$) is countercyclical, volatile, and transitory. Workers in $PTE$ are nearly three times more likely than the unemployed to return to full-time work in a given month, and seven times more likely than full-time workers to become unemployed. Using household survey data, I demonstrate that cyclical fluctuations in $PTE$ come from changes in the transition rates between full-time and part-time employment rather than between part-time and unemployment. Moreover, these movements are primarily due to within-job changes in hours. Accordingly, I model part-time work focusing on a firm's decision to hire, fire, or partially utilize its labor force. Firms in the model are heterogeneous in size and productivity, and are subject to search frictions. The model produces firm-level utilization of part-time employment which is consistent with observed worker flows, and varies across the size and age distributions of firms. Over the business cycle, the model matches the observed relative volatility of unemployment and $PTE$. Part-time labor utilization by firms increases the volatility of vacancies and unemployment in the model relative to the case with only an extensive margin. Chapter 2 studies the interaction of a participation margin in a labor market search model.
Download or read book Three Essays in Labour Economics written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigates labour market policies and the way they interact with labour market frictions. The rst chapter of this thesis is dedicated to the introduction of a new method to measure skills mismatch in the labour market. By introducing a new index that uses employment distribution across sectors to measure labour demand and education distribution of unemployed workers, this new index reproduces some of the more relevant results in the literature. Given the nature of the index, the chapter can calculate it for as much as 74 countries per year. The results point to signi cant di erences among men and women, and between high income and non high income countries. Chapter two studies the relationship between the business cycle and unemployment bene ts policies. Using US states as case study, it deploys several tools in order to understand: (i) whether unemployment bene t policy variation across states are related with di erences in states' business cycles; and (ii) in which direction such relationship might work. The results show that the maximum level of unemployment bene ts is the main tool states can use to in uence both the actual level of unemployment bene ts received. Because of that, it is also the variable concerning the unemployment insuriance scheme that co-moves with business cycle moments more often. The last section of the chapter provides evidence that in fact, policy decisions regarding unemployment bene ts are in uenced by business cycle moments. In particular, states where the labour market is more volatile implement lower maximum limits to unemployment bene ts. The last chapter estimates the impact that policies that facilitate dismissal procedures have on unemployment ows in European Union member states. The results suggest that in the aftermath of the crisis, such policies lead to higher in ow rates into unemployment, without a discernible e ect on out ow rates. Conversely, before the crisis the evidence produced in the chapter points to a signi cant positive e ect in out ow rates from unemployment, without no clear/signi cant impact on in ow rates.
Download or read book Employment Outlook and Insights written by David H. Freedman and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ILO pub-WEP pub. Compilation of contributions relating to employment prospects and unemployment trends in OECD countries - considers employment policy perspectives for EC countries and in the wake of economic recession in industrialized market economies; discusses employment opportunities for woman workers and young workers, including remedies relating to employment creation programmes, adjustment assistance and trade liberalization, etc. And in relation to basic needs and the contemporary work ethic. References and statistical tables.
Download or read book Essays on Aggregate Labor Market Business Cycle written by Thomas Sedgwick Coleman and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Frictional Labor Markets written by Georg Duernecker and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Flow Analysis of Labour Markets written by Ronald Schettkat and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1996-08-08 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Well-functioning labour markets are a precondition for economic development. In order to function smoothly the market needs to be able to adjust effectively and quickly to new developments. An understanding and analysis of adjustment processes within labour markets is therefore essential for economic theory and policy proposals. This study discusse
Download or read book Economics and Social Justice written by David M. Gordon and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Gordon was a pioneer in the field of institutional growth economics, introducing the concept of a social structure of accumulation and illustrating its usefulness with both econometric and historical studies. This is a collection of some of his most influential works, selected and introduced by his two closest collaborators.
Download or read book Essays on the Macroeconomics of Market Reforms and Self employment written by Yurim Lee and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The labor market is undoubtedly the closest and most intimate aspect of the economy that the individuals face. The type of employment has also evolved over time alongside the labor market. While much study has been focused on the labor market, not enough light has been shed on self-employment, which is unique in that it is a form of employment at the borderline of workers and firms. Relating the motivation for starting one's own business to the possibility of finding wage-paying jobs is even rarer, as much of previous literature see self-employment from the perspective of credit constraints or avoiding costly labor and tax regulations. As the share of self-employment is non-negligible (which is especially true in developing, small open economies), a proper understanding of self-employment is crucial in successfully carrying out structural reforms as well. With this agenda in mind, this dissertation seeks to understand two main issues. First is exploring how individuals' decisions towards choosing into self-employment can be tied to the state of the labor market (i.e. the probability of finding wage-paying work). This additional source of employment eventually affects the composition of the labor market and thus the business cycle dynamics. The second topic of the dissertation is studying the consequences of such self-employment on the macroeconomic efficiency and the outcomes of structural reforms on the product and labor markets. The first chapter focuses on the consequences of different decisions regarding the international financial market integration and exchange rate policy in a small open economy, Korea. The chapter is targeted towards a deeper understanding of a combination of policies under two important ingredients in a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model: producer entry into domestic and export markets and labor market frictions. Results show that under flexible exchange rates, access to international financial markets increases the volatility of both business creation and the number of exporting plants, with the effects on employment volatility being more modest. The exchange rate peg can have unfavorable consequences for the effects of terms of trade appreciation, and more financial integration is not necessarily beneficial under a peg. The combination of a floating exchange rate and internationally complete markets would be the best scenario for Korea among those the chapter focuses on. The second chapter introduces workers' endogenous transition in and out of self-employment in the traditional Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides (DMP) framework, while keeping the crucial ingredients in a closed economy DSGE framework as explored in \autoref{chp:fmkorea}. Under such settings, labor market composition becomes more volatile, leading to greater fluctuations and higher welfare costs from business cycles. A comparison with a centrally planned economy shows that self-employment becomes an additional source of inefficiency in the economy. The lack of job creation by the self-employed implies reforms being less effective when targeted towards them. The third chapter brings together the first two chapters by allowing self-employment in a small open economy, calibrated for Korea. Specifically, the hiring firms produce tradable goods and engage in exporting, while the self-employed produce nontradable goods and only serve the domestic market. The model displays a much higher rate of self-employment (around 36% of employment) compared to the closed economy calibrated for the U.S. in the second chapter. It also shows the real exchange rate appreciating and terms of trade depreciating under financial autarky after a productivity shock, where the size of the fluctuations depends on the firm creation in both tradable and nontradable sectors. Allowing international borrowing leads to more consumption smoothing but relatively less entry in both hiring and self-employed firms, with unemployment becoming less volatile and terms of trade initially appreciating.
Download or read book Three Essays on Frictional Labour Markets written by David Pothier and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis contributes to the understanding of how socio-economic factors affect the functioning of modern labour markets. It belongs to the strand of academic literature that departs from the standard Walrasian model of the labour market, and considers matching and information frictions to be important determinants of observed labour market phenomena. Within this general framework, this thesis analyses how different forms of agent heterogeneity / socio-demographic identity, productivity, and wealth - affect wage rates and the level of employment in competitive labour markets. The first chapter studies how occupational segregation - the sorting of workers across occupations based on their demographic characteristics - affects the allocation of talent in the labour market. When job vacancy information is transmitted via workers' group-biased social contacts, occupational segregation is found to be a robust equilibrium outcome. The chapter shows that while occupational segregation implies benefits in terms of the job-finding probability of individual workers, it may also engender significant allocative inefficiencies when workers differ in terms of their productivity across occupations. The second chapter examines how heterogeneous workers and firms sort across formal (market-based) and informal (network-based) recruitment channels. When worker and firm productivity are unobservable the two recruitment channels effectively compete in terms of their screening capability. Matching frictions are shown to generate a sorting externality that leads to a multiplicity of equilibrium outcomes, depending on the skill-bias within social networks and the productivity dispersion among workers and firms. The third chapter, co-authored with Damien Puy, examines to what extent variations in wages and employment over the business-cycle can explain the counter-cyclical properties of the income distribution. We show that demand composition effects are an important channel through which aggregate supply shocks are propagated through the economy, and that these have important distributional consequences. In particular, we find income inequality (as measured by the Gini coefficient) to be counter-cyclical. Consistent with empirical evidence, this is shown to be largely due to changes in the level of employment and to a lesser degree to variations in relative factor prices.
Download or read book Essays on Job Search and Hiring in the Labor Market written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains three essays on job search and hiring in the labor market. My first essay studies intra-household risk-sharing and job search behaviors over the business cycle. In the Great Recession, the U.S. national unemployment rate rose above 10%. The Unemployment Insurance benefits were extended to as many as 99 weeks in some states. Such measures may be excessive for married people that can share risks with a spouse. I estimate a dynamic model of unitary households in which spouses make joint job search and savings decision. I find that intra-household risk sharing exacerbates the counter-cyclicality of the unemployment rate, but mitigates the welfare costs of aggregate fluctuations. The results suggest the unemployment rate overstates the severity of a labor market recession for married workers. Given that spouses can share risks with one another, little is know about the efficiency of Unemployment Insurance (UI) programs in the household context. In my second essay, I compare the cost-effectiveness of various UI programs. The UI program is more cost-effective if the receipt of benefits is conditional on spousal non-employment or unemployment. In addition, the spousal unemployment requirement rewards intra-household risk sharing. As a result, the UI disproportionally benefit low-wealth households. Finally, I find little evidence that the UI program weakens intra-household coordination of search participation decisions. On the contrary, the spousal unemployment requirement strengthens the coordination between spouses. My third essay explores the mechanisms behind the phenomenon that both wage and the unemployment hazard rate decline with unemployment duration. I focus on two potential causes: skill depreciation and the stigma effects of unemployment duration. The identification of the two mechanisms can be achieved because the duration dependences of wage and hazard rate are affected by the mechanisms differently. I estimate a general equilibrium model with skill depreciation, unobserved worker heterogeneity, and an imperfect screening technology. Results show that less than 15% of the negative duration dependence of hazard rate is due to skill depreciation. In addition, I find that expansions that raise the meeting rate for workers substantially worsen negative duration dependence of unemployment hazard rate.
Download or read book Three Essays on Skill specific Labor Markets Inequality and Consumption Over the Business Cycle written by Runli Xie and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Labour Markets written by Geoff Hale and published by Heinemann. This book was released on 2001 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of a series which aims to reflect the changing face of the economic climate and business world. The books contain the latest information and thinking in their areas. Including economics and business, the books in this series give coverage on individual topics for today's student. The texts are specifically focused to the needs of AS, A level and first year undergraduate students looking for information on particular areas. Studies in Economics and Business builds on the success of the established economics series, Studies in the UK Economy. The books follow the same popular structure and layout of the SUKE series.
Download or read book Essays on Labor Market with Heterogeneous Workers written by Eunsun Gil and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in my dissertation examine how economic downturn and job composition affect heterogeneous workers in the labor market. In Chapter 1, I assert that slow recovery in aggregate employment compared to aggregate output in the United States consist of jobless growth in manufacturing and information industries. I observe the industrial transition of unemployed workers to demonstrate labor reallocation triggered by a decline of middle-wage jobs. I simulate the jobless growth and vertical reallocation in general equilibrium model with sorting and optimal submarket choices. In Chapter 2, I quantify recession effect on annual labor income for heterogeneous workers. I find that low-wage workers earn less annually mostly because of lower working hours through unemployment, whereas high-wage workers lose their annual earnings primarily due to lower hourly rates of job-to-job transition. I explain decreasing layoff risk (extensive margin) and increasing wage-cut risk (intensive margin) to previous wage rate in an on-the-job search model with real business cycles. In Chapter 3, I reassess transitional dynamics of unemployment and vacancy rate in a homogeneous agents search model, by allowing sunk entry costs and discrete productivity process. The entry costs allow a positive outside option for a vacant firm so that an outside firm and vacant firm make different labor market participation and hiring choices. When economy transit between two steady-state equilibria, the vacancy rate is no more a jump variable, and an outward (inward) shift is expected before reaching a low (high) productivity equilibrium.
