Download or read book Essays on Labour Market Inequality and Family Labour Supply written by Dean Robert Hyslop and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Labour Markets Institutions and Inequality written by Janine Berg and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2015-01-30 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labour market institutions, including collective bargaining, the regulation of employment contracts and social protection policies, are instrumental for improving the well-being of workers, their families and society. In many countries, these instituti
Download or read book Essays on Labor Economics and Inequality written by Meng-Chien Su and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Chapter 1, I develop a random search model incorporating marriage decisions, fertility shocks, and human capital accumulation to examine the mechanisms underlying wage and employment differences between men and women over their life-cycles. The model assumes that men and women are mostly identical, with women bearing child-rearing responsibilities in a gender-heterogeneous labor market. When single, workers search for jobs and marriage partners individually; when married, they search for jobs jointly as a household. The household search and exogenous fertility shocks are the primary factors contributing to the life-cycle employment patterns observed in the NLSY97 data. Child-rearing responsibilities amount to approximately 39.83 hours per week, a significant portion of the 80 hours available to each worker, leading to a decline in women's employment rates and full-time working status. Initial gender wage gaps stem from gender-specific wage offer distributions, with human capital accumulation as the main factor widening these gaps over time. Counterfactual policy experiments indicate that a gender-neutral hiring process could eliminate wage gaps, while 10 hours of government-funded childcare services per week could eliminate employment differences. In Chapter 2, I investigate the impact of prejudiced sentiments on wage disparities between homosexual and heterosexual men. I develop a random search model that incorporates taste-based prejudice, bargaining, and migration. The findings reveal that prejudice significantly contributes to predicting empirical earnings and employment patterns. Despite homosexual workers exhibiting the same conditional mean productivity as their heterosexual counterparts, they earn less than 80% of their productivity value due to prejudice. This prejudice results in an average monetary loss of 4 dollars per hour for homosexual workers. Based on the estimates, a modest tax of 0.09 dollars per hour of work on heterosexual men is determined to be sufficient to compensate for this loss.
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of the Labour Market and the Family written by Domenico Tabasso and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Labor Economics written by Joanne Tan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines the themes of sorting, inequality and the impact of technological change on the labor market. In particular, it addresses the questions of how workers sort within and between firms and how this influences labor market inequality, both in the workforce as a while, as well as between demographic and skill groups. It also considers how changes in technology affects the labor market conditions faced by workers and firms. These questions are tackled over three chapters. The first chapter, entitled `Multidimensional heterogeneity and matching in a frictional labor market - an application to polarization' deals with the sorting of workers to firms along multidimensional characteristics and quantifies the impact of technological change on the evolution of sorting patterns, wages and employment outcomes of different skill and demographic groups. I construct a model of directed search with two-sided multidimensional heterogeneity and estimate the model on US data. I find that production complementarities between cognitive and interpersonal skills and tasks have increased, relative to hat between manual skills and manual tasks. This change in production technology accounts for a large part of wage and job polarization in the US. Also, despite being gender-blind, the model can explain a substantial fraction of the narrowing of gender wage and job rank gaps from the 1980s to the present day. The second chapter, entitled `Intra-firm hierarchies and gender gaps' and coauthored with Nicolo Dalvit and Aseem Patel, studies the sorting of women into layers of hierarchy within firms, using administrative French data, and examines the incidence of gender wage and employment gaps across hierarchies over time. Further, by exploiting a policy on corporate board quotas in France, it assesses the impact of an increase in female leadership on gender wage and employment outcomes within firms. We find that hierarchies matter in gender wage and employment gaps. Gender wage and employment gaps increase with each layer of firm hierarchy, even if these gaps narrow more over time in the upper layers. In addition, improvements in top female leadership has differing impacts across hierarchies. While a greater share of female corporate board members narrows the gender wage gap in top layers of hierarchy, it has no such impact on lower layers. Instead, it increases the share of women in lower layers working part-time, at the expense of full-time employment. The opposite is true for women in upper layers. The third chapter, `Occupational Shortage and Labor Market Adjustments: a Theory of Islands', coauthored with Riccardo Zago, addresses the incidence of occupational shortage, and assesses whether it leads to wage and employment adjustments. Using a unique dataset on reported vacancies that firms find difficult to fill, we document the incidence of shortage across regions, industries and occupation groups. We find that shortage only leads to wage and employment adjustments in non-routine occupations, but not in routine occupations. We show how the secular decline of the routine occupations, caused by technological change, can account for the persistence in shortage in the routine sector and its inability to adjust.
Download or read book Essays on the Economic of the Labour Market and the Family written by Domenico Tobasso and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Labour Economics written by Johanna Posch and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The elderly are an ever-growing group of the population of western countries. Increasing their low employment rates is one of the greatest challenges we face in labour market policy today and is the subject of the first chapter of this thesis. I evaluate the labour market effects of partial retirement - that is a scheme that subsidises part-time work for older workers. It was introduced as an attempt to extend working lives by incentivising part-time employment after a certain age. I find that this policy had overwhelmingly negative effects on old-age labour supply as most workers substituted full-time work with part-time work in partial retirement without actually extending their active lives. Chapter 2 of this thesis is a re ection on the labour market situation of young workers with parental backgrounds that make it diffcult for them to achieve their potential. When and where they are held back and whether an open labour market can compensate for this disadvantage is the subject of this chapter. I find that after entering the labour force, workers from disadvantaged backgrounds "catch-up" in terms of wages with respect to their privileged peers with the same educational achievement. I explain this phenomenon in a setup of education signalling with noise and subsequent employer learning. In the third chapter my co-authors and I focus on the consequences of national wage setting mechanisms in countries with large geographic differences in labour productivity. We confront Germany with relatively exible wage bargaining mechanisms and Italy with very rigid ones. We find that given the large productivity differences in both countries, Italy's highly centralised bargaining system generates significant inefficiencies and high costs in terms of aggregate earnings and employment particularly in the South.
Download or read book Essays in Labor Market Inequality written by Ariella Kahn-Lang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Labour Market Inequality Between Men and Women written by B. Hessel and published by Purdue University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing labour market inequality between women and men has been a policy objective at both the European level and the level of the Member States of the European Union for quite some time. Various regulations and laws forbid unequal treatment, including measures to advance women's position in the labour market. Nevertheless, women's pay is still substantially lower than men's, they often hold inferior jobs and perform most of the care tasks in society. This volume discusses the central issues in today's policy and the debate on this issue by economic, legal and sociological experts. The focus is on EU law and the necessary redistribution of paid and unpaid labour between women and men. The central question throughout the discussion is to what extent current regulations either favour or hinder the realization of the goal of labour market equality between women and men.
Download or read book Household Divisions of Labour written by E. Birch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-11-18 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the extent of gender inequality in the division of labour in the modern household. Through comparisons of the time allocations of single couple families without children, couple families with children and lone parents, a comprehensive account of the evolution of gender inequality over a typical lifecourse is presented.
Download or read book Essays on Labor and Family Economics written by Martina Eschelbach and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economics of Child Labour written by Biswajit Chatterjee and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the effectiveness of trade and non-trade policies to combat the menace of child labour. Although it has decreased on the global scale in recent years, child labour still remains high, particularly in the developing countries. Keeping in mind the estimated extent of child labour in different regions around the globe, the book offers a detailed critical review of both theoretical and empirical literature on the topic as well as the policies to reduce the incidence of child labour. It also develops a general equilibrium model to demonstrate the possible effects of growth-promoting, non-trade policies, as opposed to direct trade policies, on child labour employment mitigation. The book argues that of the non-trade policies, the introduction of compulsory education appears to be an effective instrument for curtailing the child labour problem when families receive targeted subsidies for sending their children to school. It also shows that appropriately designed and targeted education subsidies can reduce the incidence of child labour and that social protection measures, such as subsidies on school enrolment, also tend to have a positive impact. The book not only opens up research topics for academicians but is also a valuable resource for policy makers.
Download or read book Essays on Labor Economics and Inequality written by Lukas Riedel and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Labor Market Inequality and Health written by Johannes Mattis Beckmannshagen and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inequality and the Labor Market written by Sharon Block and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring a new agenda to improve outcomes for American workers As the United States continues to struggle with the impact of the devastating COVID-19 recession, policymakers have an opportunity to redress the competition problems in our labor markets. Making the right policy choices, however, requires a deep understanding of long-term, multidimensional problems. That will be solved only by looking to the failures and unrealized opportunities in anti-trust and labor law. For decades, competition in the U.S. labor market has declined, with the result that American workers have experienced slow wage growth and diminishing job quality. While sluggish productivity growth, rising globalization, and declining union representation are traditionally cited as factors for this historic imbalance in economic power, weak competition in the labor market is increasingly being recognized as a factor as well. This book by noted experts frames the legal and economic consequences of this imbalance and presents a series of urgently needed reforms of both labor and anti-trust laws to improve outcomes for American workers. These include higher wages, safer workplaces, increased ability to report labor violations, greater mobility, more opportunities for workers to build power, and overall better labor protections. Inequality in the Labor Market will interest anyone who cares about building a progressive economic agenda or who has a marked interest in labor policy. It also will appeal to anyone hoping to influence or anticipate the much-needed progressive agenda for the United States. The book's unusual scope provides prescriptions that, as Nobel Laureate Joseph Stiglitz notes in the introduction, map a path for rebalancing power, not just in our economy but in our democracy.
Download or read book Three Essays on Labor Market Inequality and Policy Implications in Search Models written by Jun Lu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Frictional Labour Markets in the Presence of Capital Skill Complementarity written by David Zentler-Munro and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first paper of this thesis considers the impact of minimum wages when search frictions are present and firms can substitute away from low skilled workers to both higher skilled workers and to capital. This represents a contribution to the search literature, which typically assumes labour is the only input of production and perfect substitution between labour inputs. I examine whether the model I develop features significant nonlinearities in the impact of the minimum wage on unemployment. I find that the theoretical contribution of this paper, i.e. allowing for search frictions and imperfect substitutability of factor inputs, is quantitatively significant. Specifically, the nonlinear unemployment response in my model does not occur if I use the typical assumptions of the search literature. In my second paper, I develop a structural model that can help to quantify the relative importance of institutions, labour market frictions and technology in explaining wage inequality. This contribution is a complement to the empirical literature on wage inequality, which tends to emphasise either technological explanations or institutional ones but rarely considers the two jointly. I take my model to the data to test whether estimates of capital skill complementarity in \citet{krusellohanianriosrull} are robust to the inclusion of search frictions. I find this is indeed the case: parameter estimates change very little when allowing for search frictions. My final paper returns to the minimum wage model of my first paper and considers how allowing for asset accumulation by workers changes the model's predictions regarding the relationship between the minimum wage and consumption inequality. I find that allowing for asset accumulation by workers suggests the minimum wage is more successful at reducing consumption inequality than models without asset accumulation would indicate.
