Download or read book Essays on Labor Markets in Developing Countries written by Binh T. Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Labor Markets in Developing Countries written by Alejandra Cox Edwards and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Labor Markets in Developing Countries written by Norihiko Matsuda and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation consists of three chapters. The first chapter examines social networks in labor markets. While existing theories such as models of screening and peer effects imply that social networks improve job match quality, these theories do not well explain the stylized fact, which we call negative selection---workers and employers with lower socio-economic status use social networks more frequently. By proposing an equilibrium search model, we show that social networks create mismatched jobs in the context where negative selection occurs. Our model sheds light on a neglected aspect of social networks: they help to match, but not necessarily with good-match partners. In the presence of search frictions, workers and firms can be tempted by bad-match encounters through social networks. This temptation is stronger for less productive, poorer workers and firms because costly formal channels are less rewarding for them. Using linked employer-employee data in Bangladesh, we find that matching through social networks rather than formal channels results in mismatches. This chapter demonstrates that while social networks compensate for search frictions in formal labor markets by matching more workers and jobs, their match quality is low. The second chapter evaluates the effects of social security benefits on labor supply. The benefits can reduce labor supply through two channels: current benefits and expectations over future benefits. I develop a framework to jointly estimate both channels and apply it to the South African pension program, which lowered the male eligible age in 2008 to 2010. I find the anticipatory effect of future benefits to be considerable: it accounts for nearly 60 percent of the labor force contraction caused by the lowering of the eligible age. Moreover, the framework identifies binding liquidity constraints faced by nearly-age-eligible people. The third chapter examines spillover effects of the South African Old-Age Pension Program on employment choices of recipients' children. By exploiting quasi-experimental variations in eligibility, the empirical results show that prime-age children leave the labor force if their fathers receive pension benefits. I find suggestive evidence that they leave the labor force to receive education and training. I also find suggestive evidence that the benefits allow prime-age individuals to look for jobs for longer duration. These findings imply that the program does not discourage work but help prime-age individuals move to more productive jobs.
Download or read book Essays on Labor Markets in Developing Countries written by Zehra Bilgen Susanli and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT
Download or read book Essays on Labor Markets and Income Inequality in Less Developed Countries written by Ariel Fiszbein and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Labor Market Changes and Individual Outcomes in Developing Countries written by Rashesh Shrestha and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is comprised of three self-contained empirical chapters, each exploring how individuals in developing countries navigate their labor markets. In my first chapter, I study the impact of a migration boom on investment in education by Nepalese youths. I find that opportunities to migrate have had a negative impact on attainment of education, which calls attention of policy-makers to design programs that incentive schooling. In the second chapter, I study the value of political connections to labor market outcomes. I find evidence of additional human capital investment and improved labor market outcomes due to political connections. In the third chapter, I compare the earnings growth of individuals in Indonesia who remained in formal employment (salaried workers employed in firms with five or more workers) and those who switched into non-formal jobs. The research indicates that slow job creation had a significant impact on the welfare displaced workers. Each of these chapters deals with an aspect of the labor market that is common across many developing countries. Changing economic incentives, political contexts, and globalization all contribute to individual decisions and outcomes that have consequences for welfare in poor countries. By better understanding the relationship between the characteristics of the labor markets and individual decisions and outcomes, we can hope to develop policies that maximize the ability of developing countries' labor markets to facilitate the process of economic development.
Download or read book Essays on Labor Market Changes and Individual Outcomes in Developing Countries written by Rashesh Shrestha and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is comprised of three self-contained empirical chapters, each exploring how individuals in developing countries navigate their labor markets. In my first chapter, I study the impact of a migration boom on investment in education by Nepalese youths. I find that opportunities to migrate have had a negative impact on attainment of education, which calls attention of policy-makers to design programs that incentive schooling. In the second chapter, I study the value of political connections to labor market outcomes. I find evidence of additional human capital investment and improved labor market outcomes due to political connections. In the third chapter, I compare the earnings growth of individuals in Indonesia who remained in formal employment (salaried workers employed in firms with five or more workers) and those who switched into non-formal jobs. The research indicates that slow job creation had a significant impact on the welfare displaced workers. Each of these chapters deals with an aspect of the labor market that is common across many developing countries. Changing economic incentives, political contexts, and globalization all contribute to individual decisions and outcomes that have consequences for welfare in poor countries. By better understanding the relationship between the characteristics of the labor markets and individual decisions and outcomes, we can hope to develop policies that maximize the ability of developing countries' labor markets to facilitate the process of economic development.
Download or read book Labor markets in an era of adjustment an overview written by Susan Horton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This overview of a symposium on labor markets and adjustment concludes that: (1) real wages are more flexible than generally supposed, (2) labor reallocations across sectors have been more or less in the desired direction, and (3) the role of labor unions, generally supposed to be an impediment to adjustment, is more subtle than generally supposed.
Download or read book Employment Growth and Development written by Deepak Nayyar and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the critical themes of employment, growth and development to focus on challenges and opportunities, both old and new, in the contemporary world economy. The essential theme that runs through the book is that there is a strong relationship not only between employment and growth, but also between employment and development, where the causation runs in both directions. The author shows how employment transforms economic growth into meaningful development by providing livelihoods and incomes to people. While the book is primarily concerned with developing countries, it considers industrialized countries as points of reference or comparison, since the latter are a large part of an interdependent world, in which problems faced by the two sets of countries are frequently connected and sometimes common. The ten essays in this volume also provide a macroeconomic analysis of development problems situated in the wider context of a changing world economy, exploring possible solutions, to understand the implications for countries and for people. A timely collection by an eminent economist, this book will be useful to teachers, students and researchers in economics, especially those interested in macroeconomics, political economy and development studies.
Download or read book Labor Markets in an Era of Adjustment Issues papers written by Susan Horton and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Informal Labor Markets in Developing Countries written by Pablo Adrian Garlati Bertoldi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Structure of Labor Markets in Developing Countries written by William Francis Maloney and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Exposure to Routinization Labor Market Implications for Developed and Developing Economies written by Ms.Mitali Das and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence that the automation of routine tasks has contributed to the polarization of labor markets has been documented for many developed economies, but little is known about its incidence in developing economies. We propose a measure of the exposure to routinization—that is, the risk of the displacement of labor by information technology—and assemble several facts that link the exposure to routinization with the prospects of polarization. Drawing on exposures for about 85 countries since 1990, we establish that: (1) developing economies are significantly less exposed to routinization than their developed counterparts; (2) the initial exposure to routinization is a strong predictor of the long-run exposure; and (3) among countries with high initial exposures to routinization, polarization dynamics have been strong and subsequent exposures have fallen; while among those with low initial exposure, the globalization of trade and structural transformation have prevailed and routine exposures have risen. Although we find little evidence of polarization in developing countries thus far, with rapidly rising exposures to routinization, the risks of future labor market polarization have escalated with potentially significant consequences for productivity, growth and distribution.
Download or read book Labor Markets Migration and Mobility written by William Cochrane and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is devoted to three key themes central to studies in regional science: the sub-national labor market, migration, and mobility, and their analysis. The book brings together essays that cover a wide range of topics including the development of uncertainty in national and subnational population projections; the impacts of widening and deepening human capital; the relationship between migration, neighborhood change, and area-based urban policy; the facilitating role played by outmigration and remittances in economic transition; and the contrasting importance of quality of life and quality of business for domestic and international migrants. All of the contributions here are by leading figures in their fields and employ state-of-the art methodologies. Given the variety of topics and themes covered this book, it will appeal to a broad range of readers interested in both regional science and related disciplines such as demography, population economics, and public policy.
Download or read book Essays on Migration and Labour Markets in Developing Countries written by Jason Gagnon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present work consists of three essays. The first studies Chinese migration to urban areas to determine whether migrants are discriminated against in terms of wages and job type in the urban labor market. A Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition with respect to wages shows that rural migrants are discriminated on salary, but all migrants (rural and urban) are victims of employment discrimination with formal contracts. Essay 3 studies the effect of migration on the labor market in Honduras. Using the the skill cell model devised by Borjas (2003) it finds that the sudden and intense emigration from Honduras following Hurricane Mitch resulted in a wage increase of around 20% for each emigration of 10% of the population between 2001 and 2007, an elasticity that is much higher than previous studies on the subject. In addition, emigration from Honduras increased hours worked and under-employment, while reducing the self-employment. Essay 4 examines the effects of emigration on the behaviour of labour within households in Honduras and found that there was little difference in how households changed their behaviour immediately after the hurricane. By contrast, after 31 months the municipalities that were most exposed were also more likely to receive remittances and reduce child labour. After 47 months, they were also more likely to have an self-employed adult working in the household.
Download or read book Essays on Labor Market Outcomes for Women in Developing Countries written by Laine Rutledge and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on labor market issues for women in developing countries. The first chapter investigates adult life outcomes of a child sponsorship program in six developing countries, with particular attention paid to differing outcomes for men and women. Results show positive impacts on total years of education, and primary, secondary, and university school completion. Particularly large impacts are seen for women in areas where baseline female education is low. The second chapter analyzes the return to child sponsorship, and how these returns vary between men and women. We find positive effects of child sponsorship on men’s income, while the positive return to sponsorship for women is limited to increased income due to increased labor market participation. The third chapter studies labor market migration in Brazil. I use individual and firm fixed-effects to examine the return to moving for men and women. The addition of firm fixed effects does not greatly impact the return to moving for men but eliminates the positive returns measured for women when only using individual fixed-effects. This indicates that any promotion and geographical movement that women experience is not reflected in earnings.
Download or read book Microeconomic Issues of Labor Markets in Developing Countries written by Dipak Mazumdar and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1989 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper deals with labor market structures in developing countries and the impact of government policies on rural and urban labor markets. The central concern in analyses of employment is absorption of labor. Governments try to influence the demand for labor so that more members of the labor force are absorbed into productive employment. Employment outcomes are often the by-products of government policies that affect economic growth as a whole. This paper concentrates on factors that influence the structure and functioning of labor markets. In Chapter 1, a schematic picture of labor markets is presented. Chapters 2 and 3 analyze the salient features of the workings of rural and urban labor markets and discuss some important government policies that affect the functioning of these markets. The paper concludes that Government intervention in both rural and urban labor markets has often been less than successful, sometimes because their policies were based on incorrect assumptions. At other times, these policies have achieved less because the government also adopted other policies that tended to contradict the goal of providing jobs.
