Download or read book Three Essays in Labor and Health Economics written by Christopher K. Coombs and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in Labor and Health Economics written by Christopher K. Coombs and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in Applied Labor and Health Economics written by Marlon R. Tracey and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Labor and Health Economics written by Daniel Ethan Beemon and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation studies the interaction between wages and other, non-wage incentives and outcomes in the labor market. In the first chapter, I develop and estimate a labor market search model with employer sponsored health insurance (ESHI), worker and firm heterogeneity, and wage dispersion arising from firm market power and job transition fric- tions. I estimate this model and use it to examine the impact of ESHI on the wage distribu- tion, and to counterfactually predict the effect of removing health insurance from the labor market via the provision of free public insurance. I consider two alternative policies where universal healthcare is funded external to the model, or via a new corporate tax on revenue. In the first, I find a considerable degree of passthrough to wages, roughly 76%, of what is effectively a subsidy to firms that were previously paying insurance premiums. However, it takes almost ten years for these wage gains to fully accrue to workers. In the second policy, average wages are virtually unaffected, but in addition to providing insurance coverage to all individuals, the tax acts as a transfer of wealth from the highest to the lowest earners, and these distributional effects are realized much more rapidly. In both counterfactual regimes, wage inequality decreases by a little more than 2 percentage points, but unemployment, job mobility, and joint productivity are not significantly impacted by universal healthcare. In the second chapter, I examine non-wage incentives more generally. This chapter develops a simple structural model of the choice to work a second job. I examine the effects of non-wage job characteristics on this decision making in order to determine the extent to which individuals hold multiple jobs as a source of enjoyment, versus as a means of overcoming hours constraints in the primary job. To fit this model, I estimate a distribution of enjoyment parameters for individuals holding more than one job, and find that on average, individuals dislike their secondary jobs about 13.5% more than their primary jobs, but roughly 35% of these individuals enjoy their secondary jobs. Though this supports findings of hours constraints as the primary motivator of dual job holding, these results provide a framework for further study of the substantial portion of dual job holders that do prefer their second jobs. The third chapter examines the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and its related income and employment shocks on the use of mental health resources in the Wisconsin Medicaid population. Using administrative Medicaid claims data from the Wisconsin Department of Health Services, I find a reduction in mental healthcare utilization during the public health emergency (PHE) that is similar to but significantly smaller than observed trends in overall outpatient visits. However, making use of the PHE declaration as an exogenous shock to employment, I find that this decline was 0.45 percentage points smaller for individuals who experienced a decrease in wages of 50% or more. This is largely driven by the subset of individuals with a pre-existing mental health diagnosis, as for this group I find the effect of an employment shock was a 1.3 percentage point smaller drop in mental health visit probability, a 4.35% difference relative to individuals who did not experience a reduction in wages. This suggests that individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions were more likely to continue care during the initial months of the pandemic if they were subjected to some form of job displacement.

Download or read book Three Essays in Health Economics and Labor Economics written by Lei Li and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Health Economics and Labor Economics written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Health Economics written by Grace Ellis Arnold and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Labor and Health Economics written by Chen Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first essay looks how the disability wage gap as well as the gender, race, and ethnicity wage gaps are affected by macroeconomic conditions. Even though a large literature looks at the trends of these wage gaps, very little research considers their cyclicality. I use the SIPP linked to administrative earnings records to look at how these gaps vary with local labor market conditions from 1978 to 2010. For annual earnings, the disabled and blacks seem to fare better than their counterparts as labor market conditions worsen while women seem to fare worse than men, and the results are mixed for Hispanics. For hourly earnings, the results are largely mixed and inconclusive. There is also evidence that these results vary by decade. The second essay asks whether the gender gap in total compensation is smaller than the gender wage gap. One potential explanation for the observed gender wage gap is that men and women value the nonwage aspects of a job differently. I construct two individual level measures of total compensation - one using supplemental CPS data on employer contribution to health insurance premiums and one using the NLSY linked to employer cost data. I find that the observed gender gap resulting from these measures of total compensation is almost identical to the observed gender gap in wages. The third essay considers how parents allocate scarce resources among children with different levels of initial endowment. Parents that are interested in maximizing the return on their investment might reinforce initial conditions, but parents motivated by equity might compensate. I use the SIPP to directly measured health endowment as whether the child has any health conditions and parental investment as the frequency with which parents do various activities with each child. The results show that there is some evidence that parents do not invest equally in children of different health endowments, but the evidence is far from overwhelming. Moreover, the results differ depending on parents' education and the children's age group. In general, these results seem to indicate that pattern of parental behavior depends crucially on the specific investment.

Download or read book Short and Long Term Influences of Education Health Indicators and Crime on Labor Market Outcomes Five Essays in Empirical Labor Economics written by Elisabeth Lång and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2017-09-11 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this thesis is to improve the understanding of how several individual characteristics, namely education (years of schooling), health indicators (height, weight, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise), criminal behavior, and crime victimization, influence labor market outcomes in the short and long run. The first part of the thesis consists of three studies in which I adopt a within-twin-pair difference approach to analyze how education, health indicators, and earnings are associated with each other over the life cycle. The second part of the thesis includes two studies in which I use field experiments in order to test the employability of exoffenders and crime victims. The first essay, Learning for life?, describes an analysis of the education premium in earnings and health-related behaviors throughout adulthood among twins. The results show that the education premium in earnings, net of genetic inheritance, is rather small over the life cycle but increases with the level of education. The results also show that the education premium in health-related behaviors is mainly concentrated on smoking habits. The influences of education on earnings and health-related behaviors seem to work independently of each other, and there are no signs that health-related behaviors influence the education premium in earnings or vice versa. The second essay, Blowing up money?, details an analysis of the association between smoking and earnings in two different historical social contexts in Sweden: the 1970s and the 2000s. I also consider possible differences in this association in the short and long run as well as between the sexes. The results show that the earnings penalty for smoking is much stronger in the 2000s as compared to the 1970s (for both sexes) and that it is larger in the long run as compared to the short run (for men). The third essay, Two by two, inch by inch, describes an analysis of the height premium among Swedish twins. The results show that the height premium is relatively constant over the life cycle and that it is larger below median height for men and above median height for young women. The estimates are similar for monozygotic and dizygotic twins, indicating that environmentally and genetically induced height differences are similarly associated with earnings over the life cycle. The fourth essay, The employability of ex-offenders, published in IZA Journal of Labor Policy (2017), 6:6, details an analysis of whether male and female exoffenders are discriminated against when applying for jobs in the Swedish labor market. The results show that employers do discriminate against exoffenders but that the degree of discrimination varies across occupations. Discrimination against ex-offenders is pronounced in female-dominated and high-skilled occupations. The magnitude of discrimination against exoffenders does not vary by applicants’ sex. The fifth essay, Victimized twice?, describes an analysis of whether male and female crime victims are discriminated against when applying for jobs in the Swedish labor market. This study is the first to consider potential hiring discrimination against crime victims. The results show that employers do discriminate against crime victims. The discrimination varies with the sex of the crime victim and occupational characteristics and is concentrated among high-skilled jobs for female crime victims and among femaledominated jobs for male crime victims.

Download or read book THREE ESSAYS ON LABOR HEALTH AND REAL ESTATE ECONOMICS written by Joseph Shinn and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three empirical essays on labor, health, and real estate economics. The first essay theoretically and empirically analyzed the effects of the costs of firing an employee and hiring a replacement in a labor market with imperfect information. The theory suggested that increased expected firing or replacement costs contributed to a ``lemons effect" for the fired worker through the negative signal received in the labor market regarding the worker's ability. To test this theory, data from the Displaced Worker's Supplement to the Current Population Survey from 2004 to 2014 was used. The results were mixed, but suggested that workers in the United States who were displaced from their job experienced decreased probabilities of finding reemployment as firing costs increased. The essay also examined whether this ``lemons effect" contributed to larger wage decreases, but the estimates did not support this conclusion. The second essay estimated the impacts of the 2001 elimination of the Medicare 24-month waiting period for non-elderly Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients. Using data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey, this essay estimated the effects of the elimination on health insurance coverage and utilization of health care services. By applying a difference-in-difference OLS estimation technique, it was estimated that, as a result of the waiting period elimination, non-elderly ALS patients were more likely to be insured, but there was a significant crowd-out of private insurance. These non-elderly patients who were admitted to the hospital with serious symptoms were also more likely to be transferred to long- or short-term care facilities while non-serious patients were more likely to receive a high (four or more) number of medical services while hospitalized. In the third essay, the effects of a new suburban casino on local housing prices were evaluated. Similar to the second essay, a difference-in-difference approach was applied, but it was combined with a spatial hedonic pricing model. Using data from a GIS product from the Maryland Department of Planning and local-area data from the American Community Survey, the effects that the opening of Maryland Live! Casino had on home sales prices of properties located in primary (one-mile radius) and secondary (one to three miles) impact areas were estimated. The results of the estimations indicated that the opening of the casino had a positive impact on housing prices in the primary impact area and this impact likely began during the construction period. No impacts, however, were evident in the secondary impact area.

Download or read book Three Essays in Labor and Health Economics written by Ja Eun Shin and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, I examine individual decisions in occupational choice, labor supply, and health care utilization. Occupational choice decisions of female college graduates on whether to teach or not are analyzed to understand the role of fertility and relative wages using a panel estimation method. I also compare the behavioral changes in the labor force participation among teachers and non-teachers conditional on the presence of a new-born baby. Using the human capital model where a worker decides her hours of work responding to wages, and her human capital is accumulated proportional to her hours of work, I predict that the positive relationship between entry wages and post wages. Empirical evidence suggests that the shock in entry wages may be attributed to post wage differentials. I examine individuals' choice of health insurance plan and utilization of health care services. Empirical evidence shows that there is favorable self-selection into health maintenance organizations (HMOs) plans and that HMO members use more of office-based and hospital outpatient services. It suggests ineffectiveness of HMO plans in reducing utilization.

Download or read book Essays in Health Economics written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents three essays in health economics. The first essay sheds light on the relationship between health insurance and access to care. The second essay considers the relationship between health and labor markets. The third essay explores one facet of health inequality.

Download or read book Essays on Labour and Health Economics written by Asenka Asenova and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in the Economics of Health and Medical Care written by Victor R. Fuchs and published by New York : National Bureau of Economic Research distributed by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1972 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collection of essays on the economics of health and health services in the USA - covers supply and demand, budgetary resources, cost and objectives with regard to medical care, and considers wages and income distribution among medical personnel, effects of health care on labour productivity, etc. References and statistical tables.

Download or read book Essays in Health Economics written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays in health economics related issues. In the first chapter, I estimated health insurance expansion's effects on young adults' employment using MEPS. In 2010 young adults were allowed to stay on their parent's health insurance plan until the age of 26 by a policy change under the ACA. I used a difference-in-differences model to estimate labor supply effects of this policy on young adults. 23-25-year-olds are in the treatment group, and 26-30-year-olds are in the control group. Additionally, I estimated heterogeneity of the policy's labor supply effect by socio-economic groups. I found that extensive and intensive labor supply decreased among males. The effect is greater among men in higher socio-economic group. In the second chapter, I analyzed whether internet use has an effect on patients' mental health using BRFSS data. Over the last decade internet use has become universal. It provides various health related tools and information sources which may affect patients' distress levels in several ways, and health related distress can have large impacts on quality of life. I used variation across states' "right of way" policies during the broadband boom period of 2001-2005. Using rights of way rules' easiness as a proxy for broadband penetration rates, I investigated whether patients' mental health levels changed differently in states with more lenient rights of way rules. I found that among men internet use improves patients' mental health. In the third chapter, I studied labor market effects of the early Medicaid expansions under the ACA in 2010 using data from Current Population Survey. The ACA extends public insurance coverage to low income childless adults, yet we know very little about the effect of a public health insurance extension on childless adults' labor supply. The ACA allowed states to extend Medicaid and a number of states opted in early and extended Medicaid in 2010. I utilized this variation among states to evaluate whether the policy had any effect on childless adults' employment. I found that the policy had no effect on labor supply of the overall population. I found evidence that the policy mainly affected near-retirement-aged childless

Download or read book Essays in Health Economics and Labor Economics written by Ming Gu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter I: The Impact of Occupation on Health Participation in meaningful occupations contributes to good health and well-being. Workers are more likely to derive satisfaction from participating in occupations well-suited to their skills and training. This project provides causal evidence of the impact of occupation on health among college graduates. In particular, I estimate the health effect of participation in occupations well-suited to their education level, that is, occupations that value college education. Valuation of college education in an occupation is measured by occupation-specific college earning premium: the adjusted percentage difference in earnings between workers with and without college degrees in this given occupation. The causal inference relies on estimation with instrumental variables, which are constructed in the spirit of Hausman's price instrumental variables. The result suggests that college educated individuals participating in occupations with higher college earning premiums have better self-reported health, even after accounting for income, occupational prestige, and within-occupation hierarchy. This is the first paper to establish the causal impact of occupation on health. I also show that this causal impact remains significant across various specifications. Chapter II: The Power of Propaganda Since the 1950s, China's central government's gender equality propaganda is widely accepted as the explanation for China's high female labor force participation rate. In an effort to provide empirical evidence for this viewpoint, this project shows that early exposure to propaganda promoting gender equality affects individuals' attitudes towards women in the workforce. We gauge variation in the political climate between 1952 and 2008 by using the official newspaper of the central government, People's Daily, which has been under the direct control of the Chinese Communist Party's top leadership. For causal inference, we exploit provincial variation in propaganda intensities, proxied by provincial level radio and television signal coverage. In addition, we use the timing of exogenous events to generate an instrumental variable for intensity peaks of the gender-equality propaganda. First, we exploit the exogenous timing of a series of national and international Women's Conference as one set of instrumental variables. Second, we utilize the timing of Jiang Qing's (Mao's wife) coming into prominence and her sudden removal by a political coup towards the end of the Cultural Revolution. We find that women with more intense exposure to propaganda promoting gender equality before age 26, and men with more intense exposure before age 18 tend to endorse women's participation in the workforce. The effect of propaganda is more pronounced on women than men. It is worth noting that while propaganda encourages women's participation in the workforce, it does not emphasize men's responsibility in the household. We indeed find evidence of the "superwoman complex": women are expected to strive for a career and do the bulk of the housework. This further evidence suggests that propaganda is able to transmit a more nuanced message, rather than a singularly progressive one. This is the first paper to empirically establish the long-term effect of early exposure to propaganda on individual's preference formation. Chapter III: Do Food Stamps Need More Restrictions? Given the high prevalence of obesity in low income population, several times in the history of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Congress has considered placing limits on the types of food that could be purchased with program benefits. This study provides empirical evidence on the effectiveness of such potential restriction by examining the impact of income on calorie consumption patterns. The intuition is that if limited budget is the main reason why low-income households choose calorie dense food items, then subsidy without any restriction, acting as an upward shift in income, would reduce the likelihood of obesity. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2007-2014, I compare individuals from households who were recently dropped from SNAP, most likely due to a positive income shock, to individuals who are still participating in the program. I find little income effect on calorie consumption patterns. Whereas reduced grocery store accessibility is significantly correlated with an increase in total calorie intake, and calorie intake from sugar and fat. The result of this study suggests that placing limits on the types of food that could be purchased would be effective in curbing the obesity pandemic in low income population, and it also confirms the importance of eliminating food deserts.

Download or read book Essays in Development and Health Economics written by Heather Schofield and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this collection of essays I study individuals' health related decision-making and the consequences of those decisions for health and labor market productivity.