Download or read book Essays on Inequality and Development written by Shibalee Majumdar and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Inequality in the social, political and economic realms of an individual and a society's existence affects the social fabric and individual well-being. Even when the average income and food production of the world has increased manifolds in the last fifty years, extreme poverty and malnutrition exists in many parts of the world. The aim of my dissertation is to address a few relevant questions that are bound to arise in any mind that has been exposed to the developments of the local and global world. While my first essay questions the efficacy of the political reservation system in India in abating social and political inequality and improving the life of minority groups, my second and third essays studies the interactions between economic growth, government policies and income inequality. Reviewing previous research and detailed empirical analysis shows that the affirmative action of political reservation still has to go a long way in bringing the standard of living of the minority groups at par with the mainstream population, that economic growth has a heterogeneous association with income inequality across regions and that people-based and place-based government policies have non-uniform impact on inequality.

Download or read book Poverty Inequality and Development written by Alain de Janvry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-09 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays honors a remarkable man and his work. Erik Thorbecke has made significant contributions to the microeconomic and the macroeconomic analysis of poverty, inequality and development, ranging from theory to empirics and policy. The essays in this volume display the same range. As a collection they make the fundamental point that deep understanding of these phenomena requires both the micro and the macro perspectives together, utilizing the strengths of each but also the special insights that come when the two are linked together. After an overview section which contains the introductory chapter and a chapter examining the historical roots of Erik Thorbecke's motivations, the essays in this volume are grouped into four parts, each part identifying a major strand of Erik's work—Measurement of Poverty and Inequality, Micro Behavior and Market Failure, SAMs and CGEs, and Institutions and Development. The range of topics covered in the essays, written by leading authorities in their own areas, highlight the extraordinary depth and breadth of Erik Thorbecke's influence in research and policy on poverty, inequality and development. Acknowledgements These papers were presented at a conference in honor of Erik Thorbecke held at Cornell University on October 10-11, 2003. The conference was supported by the funds of the H. E. Babcock Chair in Food, Nutrition and Public Policy, and the T. H. Lee Chair in World Affairs at Cornell University.

Download or read book Three Essays in Inequality Development and Growth written by Chandini Sankaran and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economic Development the Family and Income Distribution written by Simon Kuznets and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-09-12 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a collection of essays by Simon Kuznets, winner of the 1971 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, published posthumously. It represents the primary concerns of his research at a late phase of his career, as well as themes from his earlier work. The first four chapters deal with 'modern economic growth'. Chapters five to seven introduce the main theme of the remainder of the volume: interrelations between demographic change and income inequality. Chapters eight to ten draw on a wider set of data to make comparisons of income inequality among societies at widely different levels of development. Chapter eleven returns to data for the United States to develop more fully the importance of differing childbearing patterns for income inequality. In the introduction Professor Richard Easterlin discusses the relationship of the essays to the balance of Kuznets's writings. In the afterword Professor Robert Fogel discusses the methodologies favoured by Kuznets.

Download or read book Essays in Financial Development and Income Inequality written by Samuel M. Jung and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Growth Poverty and Inequality Dynamics written by Julian Weisbrod and published by Peter Lang Pub Incorporated. This book was released on 2008 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Second World War the world has seen an economic growth spurt unprecedented in history. Economic growth is a necessary but not sufficient condition for improving human development, or in other words, economic growth is an important pre-requisite for the ultimate goal of human well-being. The four empirical essays of this book add to the general debate concerning dynamics of growth, poverty and inequality over the past 40 years from four different dimensions. The first chapter analyses the dynamics of the cross-country per capita income distribution and the existence of convergence clubs. The second chapter focuses on the dynamic development of the global income distribution and resulting implications for global income convergence, poverty reduction, pro-poor growth and the evolution of global inequality within and between countries. The third chapter investigates the deterministic relationship between ethnic fractionalisation and growth in a macro cross-country regression framework. Finally, the fourth chapter adds to the understanding of micro determinants of growth and poverty in the context of Indonesia.

Download or read book Poverty Inequality and Population written by D. Jayaraj and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses the ability to measure the categories of poverty, inequality, and population; the role of measurement in social explanation; and the philosophical bases of measurement-related judgments.

Download or read book Essays on Inequality and Growth written by Ozan Hatipogl̆u and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Inequality of Opportunity in Health and Human Development written by João Pedro Cordas da Rosa Dias and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Financial Development and Income Inequality written by Nahid Farnaz and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Financial Development Inequality and Economic Growth written by Arshad Ali Bhatti and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Institutions Inequality and Development written by Ann-Sofie Isaksson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Inequality Institutional Change and Growth written by Diego F. Grijalva and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Institutions are a key determinant of economic growth. I explore the links of institutions with social conditions, particularly inequality and the distribution of power in society, and look at how ideology and communication affect institutional change. In Chapter 1, I analyze the effect of inequality on growth over different time-frames. Consistent with the notion that there is a trade-off between efficiency and fairness, I find that some inequality is good for growth when we look at the short-run. Yet, I also find that too much inequality is bad for growth implying that there exists an optimal level of inequality. Moreover, the trade-off between efficiency and fairness weakens over longer time-frames. In the long-run, the negative effect of inequality on growth tends to dominate. The reason seems to be that most of the positive effects of inequality are economic and take place in the short-run, while the negative social and political effects of inequality become key in the long-run. In Chapter 2, I present a theoretical model that analyzes the role of ideas in processes of institutional change, focusing on the particular case of democratization. Extensions of the franchise are only possible when ideological leaders generate ideas opposing the status-quo and when these ideas spread to other segments of society. Ideological differences help explain the occurrence of civil conflict. More importantly, they constitute a necessary condition for institutional change. Whether democratization occurs peacefully or violently is determined by the preferences of the incumbent elite and the ideological leaders. In Chapter 3, I conduct a laboratory experiment in which I explore the role of communication in a context similar to that presented in Chapter 2. I find that material interests opposed to cooperation limit the cooperative effect of communication and discussion in social dilemmas. Thus, while communication by an external agent with interests aligned with the cooperative outcome does promote cooperation, when the external agent has interests opposed to cooperation or when communication is contested by external agents with conflicting interests, the effect of communication disappears. This raises questions on the role of discussion as a mechanism to promote cooperation when there exist conflicting interests.

Download or read book Essays on Gender Inequality and Child Development written by Nergis Zaim and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on International Economic Inequality written by Ariun-Erdene Bayarjargal and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inequality has been increasing in recent years, both in developed and developing countries. There is, however, still much to be understood on the determinants of inequality at an international level. This thesis aims to contribute to the income inequality literature by focusing on three measures of economic inequality - the Gini coefficient, top income shares, and the middle class income share. Thus, the thesis consists of three core chapters and a concluding chapter which summarises the key findings and suggests further research. The main approach of this thesis is empirical in nature, but the model formulations are well informed by the existing literature. The empirical analysis is based on annual panel-data. The country and time coverage, however, differ due to the data availability. The first substantive chapter (Chapter 2) investigates the dependence of income inequality on social and political inequality, in the presence of the Kuznets inverted-U curve hypothesis. The literature in development economics, political economics, and sociology suggests that income, social, and political inequality are interdependent. The main findings are that an inverted-U curve exists between income inequality (measured by the Gini coefficient) and GDP per capita. Income inequality increases as social and political inequality rise. The effects, however, become reversed when social and political inequality are interacted. While this study is the initial attempt to examine the joint determination of social and political inequality for income inequality, the findings are, overall, consistent with the theoretical and empirical literature. The second paper (Chapter 3) examines the evolution of top income shares using long-term historical data and finds new evidence on the relationship between economic growth and income inequality. In particular, the novelty of this study is the estimation of an asymmetric response of top income shares to different phases of economic growth. The results indicate that top income earners benefit during upturns in economic growth, but do not significantly suffer when the economy has a downturn in growth. In addition, the relationship between inequality (as measured by top income shares) and per capita income presents a U-shaped, instead of inverted-U, curve. This finding contributes to the literature on the Kuznets hypothesis and suggests that the relationship between inequality and per capita income needs to be further examined using different measures of inequality. Moreover, our result supports the persistence of inequality. The third paper (Chapter 4) explores the determinants of the middle class income share. While the middle class is largely neglected in the literature, its importance in economic development and poverty reduction is undeniable. This study contributes to a small, but growing literature on the middle class by examining the potential determinants of the middle class income share. The estimation results suggest that a country tends to have smaller middle class income share if its initial income distribution is skewed. This is consistent with the existing evidence. Economic growth has no significant impact on the middle class income share. The results support the inverted-U curve relationship between inequality and per capita income while the turning-point is relatively small.

Download or read book Nonlinear Coherent Structures written by Mariette Barthes and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990-02-21 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to the applications of the mathematical theory of solitons to physics, statistical mechanics, and molecular biology. It contains contributions on the signature and spectrum of solitons, nonlinear excitations in prebiological systems, experimental and theoretical studies on chains of hydrogen-bonded molecules, nonlinear phenomena in solid-state physics, including charge density waves, nonlinear wave propagation, defects, gap solitons, and Josephson junctions. The content is interdisciplinary in nature and displays the new trends in nonlinear physics.

Download or read book Essays on Financial Markets Inequality and Economic Development written by Joaquin Blaum and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Chapter 1, I study the effects of wealth inequality on economies where financial markets are imperfect. I exploit the idea that inequality should have a different effect across sectors. Using a difference-in-difference strategy, I show that sectors that are more in need of external finance are relatively smaller in countries with higher income inequality. I then build a model in which sectors differ in their fixed cost requirement, agents face collateral constraints, and production is subject to decreasing returns. A calibrated version of the model is consistent with the documented facts on inequality and cross-sector outcomes. At the calibrated parameters, wealth inequality exacerbates the effect of financial frictions on the economy. Quantitatively, wealth inequality can generate losses of up to 46 percent of per capita income. In Chapter 2, co-authored with Claire Lelarge and Michael Peters, we explore the ingredients that a model of import behavior should have in order to be consistent with the firm level evidence. We build a model where firms are heterogeneous in their factor neutral productivity, and prices, fixed costs and input qualities are common across firms. Using a comprehensive dataset of French firms, we test the qualitative predictions of such model. The model fares well in describing firm's expenditure across imported varieties, but fails to account for the pattern of expenditure between domestic and foreign inputs. We conclude that a mechanism inducing firm-level heterogeneity in the relative price of domestic varieties is needed to model import demand. In Chapter 3, I study the effects of financial frictions on the pattern of cross-industry growth rates. I document two facts: (i) externally dependent sectors tend to grow faster along the economy's development path, and (ii) externally dependent sectors grow disproportionately faster in countries with better financial institutions. I argue that financial frictions can account for these facts. I build a dynamic two-sector model in which sectors differ in their liquidity requirement and agents face collateral constraints. Financial frictions generate faster growth in the sector with higher liquidity requirement. I identify conditions under which financial development leads to higher excess growth in the externally dependent sector.