Download or read book Essays in the Economics of Health and Medical Care written by Victor R. Fuchs and published by New York : National Bureau of Economic Research distributed by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1972 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collection of essays on the economics of health and health services in the USA - covers supply and demand, budgetary resources, cost and objectives with regard to medical care, and considers wages and income distribution among medical personnel, effects of health care on labour productivity, etc. References and statistical tables.
Download or read book A Quest for Certainty written by Clarence Rufus Rorem and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains essays from the 1930s to 1970s on medical economics and describe efforts to achieve certainty in the costs and quality of health care, especially through group practice, group payment and areawide planning.
Download or read book Essays on Health and Healthcare Economics written by Sarah Marie Abraham and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of three chapters on the economics of health and healthcare. The first and third chapters explore geographic variation in health outcomes within the United States. The second chapter focuses on empirical methods for obtaining causal estimates of treatment effects with an application to healthcare settings. In the first chapter I study geographic variation in health care utilization under two different insurance systems: traditional Medicare and employer-provided private insurance. For each system, I use patient migration as a source of identification combined with empirical Bayes methods to construct optimal linear forecasts for the causal effects of place on utilization. These place effects measure the causal differences in treatment intensity across areas. I find similar levels of variation in the causal place effects for the publicly and privately insured patients, with a correlation of .39 across the two systems. These findings emphasize that insurance systems are affecting the forces that drive the causal component of geographic variation in utilization. In the second chapter, Liyang Sun and I explore event studies, a model for estimating treatment effects using variation in the timing of treatment. Researchers often run fixed effects regressions for event studies that implicitly assume treatment effects are constant across cohorts first treated at different times. In this paper we show that these regressions produce causally uninterpretable estimands when treatment effects vary across cohorts. We propose alternative estimators that identify convex averages of the cohort-specific treatment effects, hence allowing for causal interpretation even under heterogeneous treatment effects. We illustrate the shortcomings of fixed effects estimators in comparison to our proposed estimators through an empirical application on the economic consequences of hospitalization. In the third chapter, Raj Chetty, Michael Stepner, Shelby Lin, Benjamin Scuderi, Nicholas Turner, Augustin Begeron, David Cutler and I use newly available administrative data to quantify the relationship between income and mortality in the United States. Although it is well known that there are significant differences in health and longevity between income groups, debate remains about the magnitudes and determinants of these differences. We use new data from 1.4 billion anonymous earnings and mortality records to construct more precise estimates of the relationship between income and life expectancy at the national level than was feasible in prior work. We then construct new local area (county and metro area) estimates of life expectancy by income group and identify factors that are associated with higher levels of life expectancy for low-income individuals. Our study yields four sets of results. First, higher income was associated with greater longevity throughout the income distribution. The gap in life expectancy between the richest 1% and poorest 1% of individuals was 14.6 years for men and 10.1 years for women. Second, inequality in life expectancy increased over time. Between 2001 and 2014, life expectancy increased by 2.34 years for men and 2.91 years for women in the top 5% of the income distribution, but increased by only 0.32 years for men and 0.04 years for women in the bottom 5%. Third, life expectancy varied substantially across local areas. For individuals in the bottom income quartile, life expectancy differed by approximately 4.5 years between areas with the highest and lowest longevity. Changes in life expectancy between 2001 and 2014 ranged from gains of more than 4 years to losses of more than 2 years across areas. Fourth, geographic differences in life expectancy for individuals in the lowest income quartile were significantly correlated with health behaviors such as smoking, but were not significantly correlated with access to medical care, physical environmental factors, income inequality, or labor market conditions. Life expectancy for low income individuals was positively correlated with the local area fraction of immigrants, fraction of college graduates, and local government expenditures. Additional information on this project is available at https: //healthinequality. org/.
Download or read book Justice and Health Care written by Allen Buchanan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-11-05 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume Allen Buchanan collects ten of his most influential essays on justice and healthcare and connects the concerns of bioethicists with those of political philosophers, focusing not just on the question of which principles of justice in healthcare ought to be implemented, but also on the question of the legitimacy of institutions through which they are implemented. With an emphasis on the institutional implementation of justice in healthcare, Buchanan pays special attention to the relationship between moral commitments and incentives. The volume begins with an exploration of the difficulties of specifying the content of the right to healthcare and of identifying those agents and institutions that are obligated to help ensure that the right thus specified is realized, and then progresses to an examination of the problems that arise in attempts to implement the right through appropriate institutions. In the last two essays Buchanan pursues the central issues of justice in healthcare at the global level, exploring the idea of healthcare as a human right and the problem of assigning responsibilities for ameliorating global health disparities. Taken together, the essays provide a unique and consistent position on a wide range of issues, including conflicts of interest in clinical practice and the claims of medical professionalism, the nature and justification for the right to health care, the relationship between responsibility for healthcare and the nature of the healthcare system, and the problem of global health disparities. The result is an approach to justice in healthcare that will facilitate more productive interaction between the normative analysis of philosophers and the policy work of economists, lawyers, and political scientists.
Download or read book Essays in Health Care Economics written by Nicholas Benson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: .
Download or read book Medicine and Social Justice written by Rosamond Rhodes and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-16 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because medicine can preserve life, restore health and maintain the body's functions, it is widely acknowledged as a basic good that just societies should provide for their members. Yet, there is wide disagreement over the scope and content of what to provide, to whom, how, when, and why. In this unique and comprehensive volume, some of the best-known philosophers, physicians, legal scholars, political scientists, and economists writing on the subject discuss what social justice in medicine should be. Their contributions deepen our understanding of the theoretical and practical issues that run through the contemporary debate. The forty-two chapters in this reorganized second edition of Medicine and Social Justice update and expand upon the thirty-four chapters of the 2002 first edition. Eighteen chapters from the original volume are revised to address policy changes and challenging issues that have emerged in the intervening decade. Twenty-two of the chapters in this edition are entirely new. The treatment of foundational theory and conceptual issues related to access to health care and rationing medical resources have been expanded to provide a more comprehensive and nuanced discussion of the background concepts that underlie distributive justice debates, with global perspectives on health and well-being added. New additions to the section on health care justice for specific populations include chapters on health care for the chronically ill, soldiers, prisoners, the severely cognitively disabled, and the LGBT population. The section devoted to dilemmas and priorities addresses an array of topics that have recently become especially pressing because of new technologies or altered policies. New chapters address questions of justice related to genetics, medical malpractice, research on human subjects, pandemic and disaster planning, newborn screening, and justice for the brain dead and those with profound neurological injury. Reviews of the first edition: "This compilation brings a variety of perspectives, national settings, and disciplinary backgrounds to the topic and provides a unique survey of theoretical and applied thinking about the connections between health care and social justice... Physicians and others interested in this field will find this book an engaging introduction to the theoretical and practical challenges pertaining to social justice and health care." New England Journal of Medicine "Although much work in bioethics has focused on clinical encounters, there has been a current of discussion about questions of social justice for decades-at least since the allocation of access to dialysis was widely understood in the 1960s to be a matter of justice, not of medical judgment. This volume will facilitate heightened awareness and deeper discussion of such issues." JAMA "Impressively, the editors have chosen an array of essays that explore the philosophical and bioethical foundations of distributive justice; review the current practice of rationing and patients' access to care in a number of different countries; highlight the issues raised by various special needs groups; and then wrestle with some dilemmas in assessing priorities in distributing healthcare... This book is an excellent resource. " Doody's
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Healthcare and Health written by Laia Bosque Mercader and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Contemporary Health Economics Essays written by Shastri Pandey and published by . This book was released on 2023-08-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary Health Economics Essays" by Shastri Pandey offers a comprehensive exploration of the dynamic intersection between economics and modern healthcare systems. With a meticulous blend of insightful analysis and empirical research, Pandey delves into the pressing issues that shape health economics in today's world. This collection of essays presents a thought-provoking journey through topics such as healthcare policy reform, cost-effectiveness analysis, insurance market dynamics, and the role of technology in shaping healthcare delivery. Pandey's incisive writing elucidates the intricate relationships between economic principles, public health, and healthcare outcomes, shedding light on the challenges and opportunities faced by policymakers, practitioners, and researchers. Through rigorous examination and lucid exposition, Pandey navigates the reader through the complexities of health economics, unraveling its impact on healthcare accessibility, affordability, and quality. Drawing from a rich array of data and contemporary case studies, the author stimulates critical thinking about the choices and trade-offs inherent in healthcare resource allocation. "Contemporary Health Economics Essays" is an indispensable resource for students, scholars, and professionals seeking a deep understanding of the evolving landscape of health economics. Shastri Pandey's authoritative voice provides fresh perspectives, paving the way for informed discussions and evidence-based decisions that shape the future of healthcare worldwide.
Download or read book Essays on Health Care Economics written by Edward Colburn Norton and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Five Essays on the Economics of Health and Health Care written by Gregory Gill Lubiani and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This doctoral dissertation consists of five essays in applied microeconomics with focus on healthcare economics and health services research. The first three are innovative being the first in the health economics literature to investigate different distinct aspects of modeling the economic contents of U.S. physical therapy production using the generalized flexible translog (GTL) dual cost model and iterative seemingly unrelated regression estimation (ISURE) technique. Using the higher frequency (bi-weekly) panel dataset, pair-wise input factor relationships of three distinct labor types are examined for the fast growing industry, which has up to now lacked current economic investigation due to data paucity. Pair-wise factor relationships (isoquant curvature) were investigated for three competing conceptual measures of the elasticity of substitution (own- and cross-price, Allen-Uzawa, Morishima, and shadow), as well as scale economies at constant output. Second, three Pythagorean means (arithmetic, harmonic and geometric) were investigated for appropriateness as the mean expansion point for the GTL model. Finally, statistical tests were conducted indicating that pediatric and adult clinics operate with distinct underlying technologies. The final two essays incorporate health economics and health services, research in the study of patient care decision, as it relates to Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders, and the impact of the decision on health outcomes. The DNR papers, using Probit and propensity score research methodologies, are the first to utilize a large, comprehensive patient discharge dataset to provide insights into the potential implications for healthcare policy, patient awareness and care, most notably for the rapidly aging baby-boomer population.
Download or read book Essays in Health Economics and Health Policy written by Eun Young Kim and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is a compilation of three essays. The first essay critiques a recent paper by Wilper et al. (2009) for its inappropriate model calibration in analyzing the association of health insurance and mortality. Using the individual-level data from a nationwide survey with more recent mortality follow-up information, it shows that the privately-insured do not significantly fare better in mortality risk compared to the uninsured. Moreover, hazard ratio estimate for the Medicaid suggests that public provision of insurance increases mortality. The second essay addresses the role of income in explaining the differential public health outcomes across developed countries. Noting that the growing arguments for socioeconomic gradient in health are based mostly on cross-sectional studies, panel analyses of five different public health outcomes are conducted. Results demonstrate that economic development remains critical in explaining health improvements at the aggregate level. The third essay analyzes the association of income and health care spending at the aggregate level. Using a large panel data from 24 industrialized nations for more than three decades, the close relationship between income and health care spending is established. In contrast to earlier cross-sectional studies, the panel analysis suggests that health expenditure growth is not as rapid as income growth in almost all nations.
Download or read book Essays on Health Economics written by Iga Rudawska and published by Young Writers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the problems of market mechanisms in health care from the perspective of changes in the Polish health care system. The principal goal of the book is to present possibilities, methods and outcomes of introduction into health care of the market mechanisms, rules and instruments. This book is predominantly theoretical but to illustrate changes examples are given from European health care systems. The book is addressed in particular to: students of economics, students of postgraduate courses in health care management and health policy, graduates of medical universities, health and social politicians and health care practitioners, in particular managerial staff of health care institutions.
Download or read book Essays in Health Economics written by Xiaohui You and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation research consists of three essays in health economics. The first essay is an analysis of Australia's healthcare expenditures based on aggregate time-series data, 1971-2011, using unit root and cointegration tests. The second essay presents econometric estimates of the short- and long-run effects of income and technology proxy on healthcare expenditures using 1991-2009 US state level data and alternative panel cointegration techniques. The third essay examines the association of two important personal health factors - gaining employment and health status - of US working-age individuals and their prescription drug utilization and expenditures, using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data for 2007-2012.
Download or read book Essays on Health Economics written by Gun Sundberg and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays in the Economics of Health written by Achintya Ray and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays in Healthcare Economics written by Marco D. Huesch and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Information Sharing in Healthcare written by Yeongin Kim and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the passage of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act to reform the U.S. healthcare system, health information technology (IT) has attracted much attention from researchers, care practitioners, patients, and policy makers. Among various aspects of IT use in healthcare, information sharing has been considered as a key component in improving U.S. healthcare. In spite of numerous efforts to meaningfully use IT for information sharing, inefficiency issues still remain. This dissertation studies the economics of information sharing in healthcare and provides insights to formulate the right mechanisms to achieve the goal of IT-driven healthcare reform. The first essay examines the contract issues between a policy maker and care providers that can cooperate by implementing health information exchanges (HIEs). Using a gametheoretical model, we show that neither the traditional fee-for-service (FFS) payment model nor the pay-for-performance (P4P) models induce socially optimal outcomes, while an episodebased payment (EBP) model we identified induces the socially desirable effort levels and HIEs adoption. We further show that the value of an HIE is the highest under the FFS model and the lowest under the P4P models. Our findings imply that as payment models evolve over time, there is a real need to reevaluate the value of information sharing though HIE and the government policies that induce providers to adopt an HIE. The second essay studies the role of information sharing in formulation of policy instruments under the new risks of providers’ medical ligation owing to health IT. Specifically, we examine the role of information sharing in formulation of policies on healthcare operations in the presence of physicians’ liability concerns by using a game-theoretic model. We find when litigation is a concern, an underprovisioning policy may become optimal under the litigation risk, depending on the benefit and cost of the health service. We further show that strategically controlling the sharing of risk information restores the optimality of a standard policy (non-underprovisioning). The results of this study imply that the widespread practice of information sharing may induce underutilization of care resources to mitigate the medico-legal risks due to health IT. In the last essay, we study the impact of patient portals on treatment outcomes in the context of kidney allocation for transplant. Using a longitudinal data set of kidney transplant cases, we empirically show that with the implementation of patient portals for information sharing, patients are more likely to use care resources (donated kidneys) that are underutilized without access to a patient portal. However, the impact could be heterogeneous on sub-populations. This indicates that the efforts to bridge the digital divide may benefit some groups of patients at the expense of other groups, leading to further service disparities in the care service.
