Download or read book Essays on Health and Family Economics written by Valentina Tonei and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Health and Family Economics written by Jorge I. Ugaz and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains three empirical essays that explore the effects of natural disasters and family transitions on long-term child outcomes and short-term parental behavior. The first essay ("Impact of Shocks in Utero and in Early Life on Stunting: the Case of Philippines' Typhoons") assesses the long-term effects of natural disasters early in life on health outcomes, mainly stunting, and explores some of the possible channels causing those long term effects. The second essay ("Effects of Natural Disasters on Fertility Behavior: Evidence of Treatment Heterogeneity") assesses the effects of natural disasters also, typhoons in particular, on fertility behavior, and explores the existence of treatment heterogeneity. Finally, the third essay ("Parents' shared and solo time with children: Composition and correlates") studies different correlates of the composition of parental time investments under the perspective of a child, and explores how that composition changes when parents adapt to the birth of a new child.

Download or read book Essays in Health Economics written by Hui Ding and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation explores various topics in health economics, specifically the use of different types of health care (i.e., mental health, durable medical equipment, and chronic disease management in primary care settings) and how public insurance policies affect the price and utilization of health care products and services. In Chapter 1, I explore the geographic variation in mental health care use among the Medicare population. Using administrative data from Medicare, I isolates the patient- and place-specific drivers of the geographic variation in mental health care use among elderly adults. Specifically, I use an event-study framework with individual fixed effects to study changes in mental health care utilization for patients who move across areas with differing rates of average utilization. My results show that 60 percent of the geographic variation is attributed to place-specific factors. I then explore components of the "place effect", finding that mental health care provider capacity explains only one tenth of it. Beyond that, local attitudes toward mental health play an important role, as shown by asymmetric responses for people who move from low-to-high and high-to-low care utilization areas, especially among those who were never diagnosed with any mental illness before moving. Lastly, I find a strong negative correlation between area-level mental health care utilization and suicide rates, and evidence that moving to high utilization areas is associated with a lower risk of self-harm-related Emergency Department visits. These findings suggest that promoting mental health care could benefit the elderly population, and that there is substantial scope for achieving this goal with interventions targeting place-specific factors. In Chapter 2, along with co-authors Mark Duggan and Amanda Starc, I study Medicare's competitive bidding program (CBP) for durable medical equipment (DME). We use Medicare claims data to examine the effect on prices and utilization, focusing on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices for sleep apnea. We find that spending falls by 47.2% percent after a highly imperfect bidding mechanism is introduced. This is almost entirely driven by a 44.8% price reduction, though quantities also fall by 4.3\%. To disentangle supply and demand, we leverage differential cost sharing across Medicare recipients. We measure a demand elasticity of -0.272 and find that quantity reductions are concentrated among less clinically appropriate groups. In Chapter 3, along with co-authors Yiwei Chen, Min Yu, Jieming Zhong, Ruying Hu, Xiangyu Chen, Chunmei Wang, Kaixu Xie and Karen Eggleston, I investigate the effect of chronic disease management provided in primary health care (PHC) setting in rural China. Health systems globally face increasing morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases, yet many - especially in low- and middle-income countries - lack strong chronic disease management and PHC system. We provide evidence on China's efforts to promote PHC management using unique five-year panel data in a rural county, including health care utilization from medical claims and health outcomes from biomarkers. Utilizing plausibly exogenous variation in management intensity generated by administrative and geographic boundaries, we compare hypertension/diabetes patients in villages within two kilometers distance but managed by different townships. Results show that, compared to patients in townships with median management intensity, patients in high-intensity townships have 4.8% more PHC visits, 5.2% fewer specialist visits, 11.7% fewer inpatient admissions, and 3.6% lower medical spending. They also tend to have better medication adherence and better control of blood pressure. The resource savings from avoided inpatient admissions substantially outweigh the costs of the program.

Download or read book Essays on Child Health and Family Economics written by Ana Costa Ramón and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Empirical Health Labor and Family Economics written by Anna Hammerschmid and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Family Health Behavior and Child Health written by David Simon and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parental behavior has potentially large implications for child health and child economic outcomes. In three essays, I explore two topics: how the health behavior of parents impacts their children's health and wellbeing, and the degree to which policy can alter parental behavior such that child health improves. The first essay examines how cash transfers to pregnant single mothers via the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) improve child birth weight. The second essay shows that cigarette taxes reduce maternal smoking and improve childhood health outcomes. The final essay documents the correlation between parental and teen smoking using the Current Population Survey Tobacco Use Supplement. As a whole, this dissertation contributes to our understanding of how health transmits from parent to child, an important mechanism in the intergenerational transmission of inequality.

Download or read book Unintended Consequences of Social and Family Policies on Health and Well being written by Mara Barschkett and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in Health Economics written by Abraham Abebe Asfaw and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation constitutes three separate essays in health economics. The first essay examines whether Medicare Part D led to changes in the health behaviors that are essential to manage chronic diseases. Using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, I find that the implementation of Medicare Part D reduces the probability of engaging in physical exercise. The effect on dieting is inconsistent across different specifications and the effect on cigarette smoking is not statistically significant. The negative physical exercise effect of Medicare Part D is more pronounced among patients with low educational attainment. The second essay looks into whether early health shocks persist to cause health inequality across generations. Linking the Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey with the 1984 Ethiopian Census, I show that in utero and early childhood( age 0-3) exposure to the 1983-85 Ethiopian famine increases the probability of stunting and reduces the height-for-age z-score of the next generation. Estimates that account for the fertility response, infant and fetal culling effects of famine indicate that the baseline estimate represents the lower bound of the total effect of the famine. Linking a village-level interpolated rainfall data to a child-level longitudinal survey--- the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey--the final essay explores whether the child health effects of drought vary across child health distribution. The correlated random effect (CRE) quantile regression for panel data model estimates shows that negative mean deviation from district-level long-term average rainfall reduces the weight-for-height and weight-for-age z-scores of children at the lower end of the anthropometric distributions. Examination of the channel of transmission indicates that the incidence of drought increases the incidence of illness and reduces per-capita consumption expenditure, and the time spent on domestic work among poor households.

Download or read book Essays on Health Economics written by Eamon Joseph Molloy and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays of this dissertation study the effect of alcohol advertising on individual drinking, alcohol firm advertising decisions, and the relationship between education and mortality. The first essay focuses on the possible effects of alcohol advertising on youth drinking. Researchers still disagree about how advertising affects alcohol consumption. This disagreement largely arises because alcohol firms target marketing at people who already drink. Drinkers prefer particular media; firms recognize this and target alcohol advertising at these media. Endogenous targeting of alcohol advertisements presents a challenge for empirically identifying a causal effect of advertising on drinking. In this chapter, I overcome these challenges by leveraging a plausibly exogenous source of variation in advertising exposure, and by utilizing novel data with detailed individual measures of media viewing and alcohol consumption. I adopt three approaches to control for endogeneity bias due to targeting. First, I use average audience characteristics of the media an individual views to capture targeting. Second, I use media fixed effects to directly control for media choice. Third, I exploit variation in advertising exposure due to a 2003 change in an industry-wide rule that governs where firms may advertise. I use the rule change as an instrument for exposure to alcohol advertising. Though the unconditional correlation between advertising and drinking is strong, this relationship is not robust to more rigorous controls for targeting and to the use of an instrumental variables estimator. The results suggest that any effect of alcohol advertising on youth drinking is modest. The second essay studies the effects of the end of the liquor broadcast advertising ban on firm behavior. I study which firms and brands first took advantage of this new medium I study which spirits brands take advantage of the newly available medium of television. I compare the consumer characteristics and market competition of brands that transition to television advertising to those that do not, using two different definitions of television advertising adoption. I model brand-level, yearly television advertising spending and estimate hazard models of the transition to the use of television advertising. I find evidence that competitive pressure correlates with a brand's adoption of the "new" medium. Firms that are dominant in their market are much more likely to adopt television advertising when their competitors possess a larger share of the market. However, I find little evidence that the demographic characteristics (age, gender, race, income, education, magazine reading, and television viewing) and alcohol consumption of a brand's consumers are related to the adoption of television advertising. The results suggest that television advertising in the spirits market may play larger role dividing market shares than growing market size. The third essay revisits the question of whether people live longer if they get more education or if people who get more education have unobservable traits and habits that cause them to live longer. Like previous studies, we use compulsory schooling laws as instruments for education, However, we use better instruments and Panel Study of Income Dynamics data that include each respondent's date and cause of death. We find our compulsory schooling instruments are stronger predictors of education than those used in previous studies. However, relying on within-state variation greatly reduces the predictive power of our instruments, which only weakly predict educational attainment. We model three different measures of mortality: probit models of mortality over 5- and 10-year age spans and continuous-time survival models of the number of months a person lives past forty years of age. We confirm a strong statistical association between education and mortality in all three model types. However, due to the weakness of our instruments, our results are imprecise and provide little useful insight into whether education reduces mortality. We show the relationship between schooling and mortality is strongest for post-secondary education, though there exists little evidence in the literature concerning whether this link is causal.

Download or read book Essays in Health Economics written by Valeska Hofbauer-Milan and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in Health Economics written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines topics in health economics. The first study examines the relationship between access to retiree health insurance (RHI) and the decision to leave oneÃØâ'Ơâ"Øs career job. In this paper a Cox Proportional Hazard Model with time varying covariates is utilized to estimate the probability that an individual disengages from their career job, given they have not yet done so. Results indicate that those with access to RHI are significantly more likely to leave their career employer in all time periods than identical individuals without RHI. The second examines the relationship between a householdÃØâ'Ơâ"Øs Food Stamp Program participation, and child overweight and obesity. This paper considers a dynamic process for weight gainÃØâ'Ơ†explicitly modeling the role last periodÃØâ'Ơâ"Øs weight plays in determining this periodÃØâ'Ơâ"Øs weight. Results suggest that FSP participation does not significantly affect the deviation of a childÃØâ'Ơâ"Øs current BMI from the ideal level, indicating that FSP participation does not contribute to child overweight. The results also suggest that children tend toward their medically ideal weight. The third essay considers a related issue. There is a wide body of literature that examines the effect of FSP participation on obesity outcomes for adults and a smaller body of work that examines the same relationship for children. The literature focusing on adults finds that FSP participation is positively related to obesity in women, while work focusing on children fails to find a similar effect. This creates an interesting economic puzzle as most children live in the same household as their mother, and as such, the foods they consume and the effect of that food on their weight are expected to be similar. This paper directly addresses this puzzle, and examines the relationship between a motherÃØâ'Ơâ"Øs Food Stamp Program (FSP) participation, and obesity. Empirical results suggest that motherÃØâ'Ơâ"Øs are less likely to becom.

Download or read book Essays in Health Economics written by Chiara Serra and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the chapters of this thesis, I empirically investigate four distinct research questions, spanning from the detrimental impact of very early shocks - at birth and even before birth - on children medium-term health, to the mediation role of social interactions in altering the effect of weather conditions on the spread of the Sars-CoV-2, and to ED nurses' leniency in assigning priority and the impact of waiting time on health. Although each chapter focuses on different questions, they all investigate different instances of the (unintended) consequences of individuals' actions on others - with a focus on vulnerable categories, and they all share an approach oriented at unveiling policyrelevant causal relations in natural experiment settings. In the first chapter, joint with Simone Ferro and Alessandro Palma, I investigate the health effects of a relatively higher prenatal exposure to Particulate Matter. Although the detrimental effects of air pollution on health are already well documented, in our study, we try to innovate on two relevant aspects. First, by matching birth certificates to individual consumption of subsidised pharmaceutical and hospitalisation records of Tuscany, our data allows going beyond the effects detected at birth to investigate for the first time medium-term morbidity at the individual level. Second, by documenting a permanent health loss associated with higher in-utero exposure to air pollution in a setting characterised by non-extreme levels of air pollution, our findings challenge the existing consensus on whether such levels of concentration of PM should be considered healthy. In the second chapter, I first show that Emergency Department patients arriving just after a shift change have a substantially lower probability of being assigned a higher priority with respect to patients arriving just before a shift change. As such distortion in the assignment of priority will only affect them by altering their relative position in the waiting list, I employ this quasi-experimental variation in the assigned priority to investigate the immediate and the longer-term consequences of waiting time on visits' outcomes and patients' future demand for emergency health care. I find that in the short-run, patients who are assigned a lower priority (and thus who presumably wait less time before being examined by a physician) are more likely to leave the ED before being visited. Furthermore, in the longer run, they are significantly less likely to return to the ED with the same condition. In the third chapter, Simone Ferro and I investigate the role of weather conditions on the spread of the Sars-CoV-2 in the US while taking into account the mediation role of social interactions. Our findings suggest that the endogenous response of social interaction to weather conditions play a major role in shaping the overall total effect of weather on the spread of the virus. This may contribute to rationalise the paradox between the results of laboratory experiments showing that the virus is susceptible to temperature, and the fact that the seasonal increases in temperature did not slow down the spread of the virus. In the fourth and final chapter, jointly with Gabriel Facchini and Matilde Machado, I investigate the relationship between being born by cesarean section and health outcomes for children. Such relation is confounded by different dimensions of selection in the choice of birth mode and to overcome the issue we employ an individual specific, purely exogenous measure of crowding at the precise time of admission at the maternity ward. We find that higher crowding leads to a significant decrease in the total probability of cesarean section. This effect is larger for patients with a higher ex-ante probability of delivering via cesarean section. We then use such relation to identify a causal relationship between the delivery method and the consumption of drugs for children up to age three. We find a positive and significant effect on the consumption of antiinfectives (antibiotics in particular) from the first year of life on - both looking at the quantity and at an indicator for abnormal use of this type of pharmaceuticals. This points to an adverse effect on children health, which is in line with the medical literature results on the importance of delivery method on the development of the immune system.

Download or read book Essays in Health Economics written by Frank Limbrock and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in Health Economics written by Mir N. Mahmud and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Health Economics written by Archita Banik and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in Health Economics with a Focus on Consumer Behavior written by Dilan Su Alpergin and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work spans the two fields of health economics and health policy and applied microeconomics with a focus on consumer behavior. Each chapter focuses on a separate question and evaluates its consequences and impacts on consumers and society. The questions in this paper identify (1) the optimal health expenditures in society from a theoretical perspective and compare the results with the Medicare reimbursement scheme, (2) the causal impact of the risk perception of COVID-19 on consumption expenditure changes in the U.S., and finally, (3) how a sudden health shock experienced by a family member affects his spouse's healthcare expenditures through the behavioral spillover channel.

Download or read book Essays on Health Economics written by Konrad Himmel and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: