Download or read book Essays on Fiscal monetary Interdependence written by Hemantha Kumuduni Jalath Ekanayake and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The core of this PhD dissertation consists of three research essays on issues related to fiscal and monetary interdependence. The general message across all three essays is that monetary and fiscal interdependence matters for economic stability. The first research essay explores the implications of fiscal and monetary interdependence on price stability. The essay is built upon a small open economy model which explains the link between fiscal deficits and inflation. The model is tested empirically using country level (Sri Lankan) data under several specifications. Overall, it finds strong evidence to support a positive link between fiscal deficit and inflation. However, the findings do not support the view that the fiscal deficit-inflation link becomes stronger when public sector wages are factored out. The second essay examines the case for relative independence between fiscal and monetary authorities. Despite the wide spread interest in reforms that ensures greater independence of central banks over the last few decades, there are still huge variations in the degree of central bank independence across countries. Investigating factors that underlie the level of central bank independence, the essay argues that relative independence between the two institutions is determined mainly by three concepts, i.e. inflationary bias, global cohesive pressure, and political incentives. The findings show that the relevance of these concepts in determining central bank independence across developing and developed country samples is very different. An inflationary bias hypothesis induces the relative independence of monetary authorities in developed countries, yet inhibits the same process in developing countries. In contrast, political incentives play a major role in granting independent status to monetary authorities in developing countries. The essay also measures the efficiency levels of central bank reforms and finds that, over time, only developed countries leap-frog upward on the efficiency scale of central bank reforms. The third research essay examines fiscal crises in two dimensions, crisis incidence and crisis duration in order to broaden the understanding of how fiscal and monetary policy actions contribute to a country's fiscal stability. Using macroeconomic, institutional, and demographic indicators, it is found that, in addition to the fiscal authority's own functions, the functions of the monetary authority, such as reserves accumulation and an inflation targeting monetary policy regime, reduce the probability of a crisis occurring, as well as its duration. The findings also show that policies that help prevent a fiscal crisis do not necessarily contribute to fast recovery from a crisis. This indicates the importance of applying specific policy measures during each stage of a fiscal crisis episode. - provided by Candidate.

Download or read book Essays on Economic Interdependence written by Fabio Pietro Ghironi and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economic Policy in an Interdependent World written by Richard N. Cooper and published by Mit Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These eleven essays written over the past fifteen years continue and develop Richard Cooper's central theme of interdependence, reflecting his experience in government in the Council of Economic Advisers and as Undersecretary of State for Economic Affairs. They focus in particular on the opportunities and constraints for national economic policy in an environment where goods, services, capital, and even labor are increasingly mobile.The first four chapters are informal, discursive treatments of economic and foreign policies in the face of growing interdependence among nations.The remaining chapters cover such specialist topics as optimal regional integration, the integration of world capital markets, the impact of greater interdependence on the effectiveness of domestic economic policy, the comparison of monetary and fiscal policy under fixed and flexible exchange rates, currency evaluation in developing countries, and the appropriate size and composition of a developing country's external debt. A concluding chapter surveys the preceding essays in terms of coordinating macroeconomic policymaking in an interdependent world economy. Richard N. Cooper is Maurits C. Boas Professor of International Economy at Harvard University.

Download or read book Debt Deficits and Exchange Rates written by Helmut Reisen and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1994 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Debt, Deficits and Exchange Rates presents recent work by Helmut Reisen on current international monetary problems in East Asia and Latin America. Written over the last four years, these papers are readily accessible and of immediate policy relevance. The first part is concerned with the debt problems of developing countries, including the growth of domestic public debt, means of hedging a country's debt portfolio against key currency fluctuations, evidence on the debt overhang hypothesis, an evaluation of the Brady Plan, and how to attract foreign direct investment. This is followed by essays on financial opening which discuss the impact of alternative exchange rate regimes during financial integration, the degree of financial openness in Korea and Taiwan, an appropriate strategy for the liberalization of capital flows, and the relationship between financial opening and capital flows. The final part underlines the need for exchange rate management. Issues considered include New Zealand's experience with a pure float, the use of the theory of optimal currency areas to assess whether Asian countries should peg to the Yen, institutional features of macroeconomic management in Asia, and how Latin America should respond to heavy capital flows. Bringing together under one cover a wealth of analysis, comment and argument by a leading international scholar, this volume will be welcomed by students, teachers and policymakers as an important contribution to understanding international monetary problems in the developing world.

Download or read book Essays on Financial Market Interdependence written by Lu Liu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Understanding Interdependence written by Peter B. Kenen and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1995-06-04 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveying the current state of knowledge on the international monetary system, this volume contains essays on the behaviour of exchange rates, current account adjustment, international debt, European monetary union, capital mobility, the reform of former planned economies, and more.

Download or read book Evolution of the International and Regional Monetary Systems written by Alfred Steinherr and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991-12-12 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers in this book cover the wide range of Robert Triffin's expertise. For example, Jacques Larosire interprets the evolution of the international monetary system. Michel Aglietta critically appraises the international monetary system and suggests the present system is one that does not constrain domestic policy choices. The desirability, scope and means of policy co-ordination are analyzed in the contributions by James Tobin, Robert Solomon, John Williamson, Alexandre Lamfalussy and Wolfgang Rieke. Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa discusses the possible paths to European Monetary Union whilst Alfred Steinherr and Jacques Girard evaluate the past and future evolution of the ECU. Paul De Grauwe provides empirical answers to the highly debated question whether the EMS is a DM-zone.

Download or read book Essays on Efficiency and Coordination of Fiscal Policies in Interdependent Economies written by Irem Zeyneloglu and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New open economy macroeconomics (NOEM) literature, initiated by Obstfeld-Rogoff (1995), offers a more rigourous setup for the analysis of macroeconomic policy with respect to Mundell-Fleming models. The perpective of deterministic general equilibrium NOEM models that emerged from Obstfeld-Rogoff (1995) has been extended by Obstfeld-Rogoff (2002) to a stochastic environment. The present dissertation aims to contribute to these two streams of research concerning fiscal policy analysis in the NOEM literature. The dissertation consists of a survey and four essays. The first two essays extend the deterministic setup Obstfeld-Rogoff (1995) by introducing imperfect financial integration and by relaxing the assumption of ricardian equivalence respectively. The third and fourth essays extend Obstfeld-Rogoff (2002) to analyze stabilization and cooperation gains from fiscal policy as well as the interactions between monetary and fiscal policy.

Download or read book International Problems of Economic Interdependence written by Mario Baldassarri and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays is concerned with three major and debated topics in international economics, namely interdependence between countries, real and financial integration, and the conflicting relations between industrialized (North) and developing countries (South). Contributors participated in the International School of Economic Research held at the Certosa di Pontignano, University of Siena, in 1992. The first section deals with the international policy coordination problem and the economic growth of open economies. In the second section new foundations for commercial policy and the problems of economic integration, real and monetary are discussed. The final section includes an analysis of North-South relations and of price instability of primary commodities.

Download or read book International Economic Interdependence Patterns of Trade Balances and Economic Policy Coordination written by Mario Baldassarri and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 1992 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on International Financial Markets Interdependence written by W. A. Mohammed and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Financial Markets Interdependence and Integration written by Antonios Antoniou and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reflections on Progress written by Kemal Dervis and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2016-08-30 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now, more than ever, the world needs growth-oriented and socially inclusive policymaking. Is the world giving up on the promise of ever-greater prosperity for all, on functioning democratic institutions, and on long-term peace? Is the special set of circumstances that led to the recent rapid growth in emerging markets unlikely to be present in the future? Will the second decade of the twenty first century end with “secular stagnation”? Does the rise of authoritarianism, populism, and fanatic nihilism—all experienced over the last few years—threaten to unravel what has been built painstakingly since the catastrophe of World War II? Kemal Dervis addresses these and similar questions in this thought-provoking series of essays written for Project Syndicate from 2011 to 2015. The essays are organized in three sections: global economic interdependence, inequality and the political economy of reform, and the specific challenge of Europe. The common theme is the need for growth-oriented and socially inclusive policymaking in an interdependent world. These kinds of policies offer the potential for another wave of unprecedented human progress aided by breathtaking new technologies. However, a huge and destabilizing disruption is possible if policymaking is not globally cooperative and is not focused on inclusion and greater equity. These essays synthesize the experience and analysis of a scholar and policymaker with national, regional, and international experience at the highest levels. Dervis exhibits a passion for combining strongly held values with political feasibility.

Download or read book Fiscal Policy in a Financially and Economically Interconnected World written by Maria Jose Delgado Coelho and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing degree of financial-macro linkages in advanced economies as demonstrated by the recent Great Recession in the United States and Europe raises new challenges for fiscal policy making, in that it expands the potential impact of both tax and expenditure reforms through uncharted channels. In addition, we are faced with an increasingly globalized world, with substantial spillovers of economic policy between states and countries being driven not only by shifts in the demand for goods and services (as understood in the classic international trade literature), but also by movement of labor and highly mobile capital flows. This interdependence conditions the efficiency of domestic fiscal policy in unprecedented ways not captured by most standard closed economy macroeconomic models or traditional optimal tax theory. This dissertation is motivated by the combination of these two forces and investigates the reform of the financial sector and countercyclical new Keynesian fiscal stimuli as policy responses in the aftermath of the latest financial crisis and recession. The first chapter analyzes the effect of the introduction of financial transaction taxes in equity markets in France and Italy in 2012 and 2013, respectively, on asset returns, trading volume and market volatility. Using two natural experiments in a difference-in-differences design, I identify bounds on elasticity estimates for three categories of avoidance channels: real substitution away from taxed assets, retiming (anticipation of transaction realizations and portfolio lock-in), and tax arbitrage (cross-platform and financial instrument shifting). I find large responses on all margins, that account for significantly lower revenues than projected. By far the strongest behavioral response comes from high-frequency trading lock-in on regulated exchanges, with a high tax elasticity of this type of turnover in the order of -9. The results shed light on features of optimal FTT design, suggesting they may be poor instruments for both revenue-raising and Pigouvian objectives. The second chapter complements the empirical analysis of the first chapter by analyzing the welfare implications of a linear financial transactions tax in a multi-period portfolio selection model with heterogeneous agents. Under certain conditions over the redistribution of government revenues, with no Pigouvian motives, I find such a tax may induce first-order losses due to the distortion of idiosyncratic risk-sharing (an implication which differs importantly from other literature on the role of taxation under uncertainty). A transaction tax induces both a contemporaneous inaction region and intertemporal shifting of transaction realizations. Given a segmented market over multiple trading platforms and the choice of at least two different tax instruments, I develop sufficient statistic formulas that differ from standard optimal commodity tax theory in that they account for untaxed capital accumulation, market structure rents, and uncertain returns. Furthermore, I explicitly consider retiming responses in transaction realizations and tax arbitrage in the form of shifting across trading platforms by allowing investors to choose trading in two different markets, and am able to match such parameters to empirically measured elasticities from my the first chapter, thus informing optimal FTT policy rates. In the case of a linear tax with a single market, the simplest model in this chapter suggests a cash equity transaction tax of 0.67% on the notional value of transactions purely to maximize revenue. A transaction tax induces both a contemporaneous inaction region and intertemporal shifting of transaction realizations. The third and final chapter deals with more aggregate effects of fiscal policy. It primarily contributes to the open economy local fiscal multiplier literature by estimating regional output and employment responses to federal expenditure shocks in the European Union. Specifically, I use a novel methodology and dataset on fiscal transfers from the European Commission to subnational regions. Mimicking the literature on foreign aid and growth, I use shocks to the supply of federal transfers (European Commission commitments) of structural fund spending by subnational region as instruments for annual realized expenditure in a panel from 2000-2013. By correctly isolating these fiscal shocks, I find significantly larger fiscal multipliers than the existing literature - a large, contemporaneous multiplier of 1.7, which translates into a cumulative multiplier of 4 three years after the shock. Furthermore, using a novel dataset on bilateral trade between EU regions, I find evidence of demand-driven spillovers up to three years after a shock. In addition to direct implications for federal public finance management globally, these results represent an important step in our understanding of the effect of fiscal stimulus and austerity measures in countries undergoing financial and sovereign debt crises. Overall, this dissertation aims at answering key questions brought about by the increasing complexity and dynamism of financial and economic interdependence of agents across states and countries. The implications of the results presented here are broad, including the development of comprehensive global financial regulation, the characterization of banking and fiscal unions in the Eurozone, and the incorporation of financial markets into new macroeconomic policy making.

Download or read book Coordination of Monetary and Fiscal Policies written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-03-01 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, monetary authorities have increasingly focused on implementing policies to ensure price stability and strengthen central bank independence. Simultaneously, in the fiscal area, market development has allowed public debt managers to focus more on cost minimization. This “divorce” of monetary and debt management functions in no way lessens the need for effective coordination of monetary and fiscal policy if overall economic performance is to be optimized and maintained in the long term. This paper analyzes these issues based on a review of the relevant literature and of country experiences from an institutional and operational perspective.

Download or read book The Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy in Stimulating Economic Activity written by Richard Hemming and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-12 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the effectiveness of fiscal policy. The focus is on the size of fiscal multipliers, and on the possibility that multipliers can turn negative (i.e., that fiscal contractions can be expansionary). The paper concludes that fiscal multipliers are overwhelmingly positive but small. However, there is some evidence of negative fiscal multipliers.

Download or read book A Monetary and Fiscal History of Latin America 1960 2017 written by Timothy J. Kehoe and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major, new, and comprehensive look at six decades of macroeconomic policies across the region What went wrong with the economic development of Latin America over the past half-century? Along with periods of poor economic performance, the region’s countries have been plagued by a wide variety of economic crises. This major new work brings together dozens of leading economists to explore the economic performance of the ten largest countries in South America and of Mexico. Together they advance the fundamental hypothesis that, despite different manifestations, these crises all have been the result of poorly designed or poorly implemented fiscal and monetary policies. Each country is treated in its own section of the book, with a lead chapter presenting a comprehensive database of the country’s fiscal, monetary, and economic data from 1960 to 2017. The chapters are drawn from one-day academic conferences—hosted in all but one case, in the focus country—with participants including noted economists and former leading policy makers. Cowritten with Nobel Prize winner Thomas J. Sargent, the editors’ introduction provides a conceptual framework for analyzing fiscal and monetary policy in countries around the world, particularly those less developed. A final chapter draws conclusions and suggests directions for further research. A vital resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of economics and for economic researchers and policy makers, A Monetary and Fiscal History of Latin America, 1960–2017 goes further than any book in stressing both the singularities and the similarities of the economic histories of Latin America’s largest countries. Contributors: Mark Aguiar, Princeton U; Fernando Alvarez, U of Chicago; Manuel Amador, U of Minnesota; Joao Ayres, Inter-American Development Bank; Saki Bigio, UCLA; Luigi Bocola, Stanford U; Francisco J. Buera, Washington U, St. Louis; Guillermo Calvo, Columbia U; Rodrigo Caputo, U of Santiago; Roberto Chang, Rutgers U; Carlos Javier Charotti, Central Bank of Paraguay; Simón Cueva, TNK Economics; Julián P. Díaz, Loyola U Chicago; Sebastian Edwards, UCLA; Carlos Esquivel, Rutgers U; Eduardo Fernández Arias, Peking U; Carlos Fernández Valdovinos (former Central Bank of Paraguay); Arturo José Galindo, Banco de la República, Colombia; Márcio Garcia, PUC-Rio; Felipe González Soley, U of Southampton; Diogo Guillen, PUC-Rio; Lars Peter Hansen, U of Chicago; Patrick Kehoe, Stanford U; Carlos Gustavo Machicado Salas, Bolivian Catholic U; Joaquín Marandino, U Torcuato Di Tella; Alberto Martin, U Pompeu Fabra; Cesar Martinelli, George Mason U; Felipe Meza, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México; Pablo Andrés Neumeyer, U Torcuato Di Tella; Gabriel Oddone, U de la República; Daniel Osorio, Banco de la República; José Peres Cajías, U of Barcelona; David Perez-Reyna, U de los Andes; Fabrizio Perri, Minneapolis Fed; Andrew Powell, Inter-American Development Bank; Diego Restuccia, U of Toronto; Diego Saravia, U de los Andes; Thomas J. Sargent, New York U; José A. Scheinkman, Columbia U; Teresa Ter-Minassian (formerly IMF); Marco Vega, Pontificia U Católica del Perú; Carlos Végh, Johns Hopkins U; François R. Velde, Chicago Fed; Alejandro Werner, IMF.