Download or read book Essays on Education Gender and Child Health in Developing Countries written by Marian Meller and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Family Education and Health in Developing Countries written by Irène Dohouin and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is organized in three chapters and revolves around issues related to family, education and health in developing countries. The first chapter studies how education affects women's HIV infection. By using an education reform that led to a sharp increase in women's education in Zambia, I estimate RDD, interacted with geographic differences in school supply. I find that an increase in female education led to HIV higher rate. I find no evidence that education affected women's HIV knowledge and their risky behaviors. Instead, the results are driven by the increased urbanization of the better educated women. The second and third chapters address the practice of child fostering in Sub-saharan Africa. In the chapter 2, co-authored with Caleb Gbeholo, we examine the determinants of child fostering across and within family in Benin. In this purpose, we rely a dataset that comes from a unique survey that we designed and conducted in Benin in 2022. We find that parents' education and the lost of one parent during childhood are associated with child fostering. The fostered child is chosen according his gender and his birth order, with daughters facing a high risk of fostering during childhood. Furthermore, the child probability to be foster is steady decline by birth order. The chapter 3, co-authored with Caleb Gbeholo, Raphael Godefroy and Joshua Lewis, studies the effect of child fostering on education and fertility. Using the same dataset as in chapter 2, we estimate that adults who were fostered as a child are significantly less likely to have attended school than their siblings. We show that this difference in education achievement increased after the launch of an education reform in the 1990s. We find no difference in fertility. We estimate that the practice of child fostering may account for a substantial share of the gender gap in education.
Download or read book Essays on Child Health in Developing Countries written by Samantha Benvinda Rawlings and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis comprises four empirical essays on the economics of child health in developing countries. Chapter 1 investigates intergenerational persistence in health, its spatial variation, and trends, using micro-data on 2.24 million children born of 0.6 million mothers in 38 developing countries between 1970-2000. A standard deviation decrease in mother's height or BM! raises the risk of poor child health by between 5 and 10 percent. Disaggregra- tion shows significant continent variation; the relationship was strongest in Africa, where it strengthened over time. Chapter 2 investigates whether in- come, women's education or public health (infant immunization rates) affect intergenerational persistence. Improvements in these in the foetal and birth year weaken the relationship, and these gradients are steeper for shorter women. Chapter 3 studies the impact of exposure to a serious, unusual, and unforeseen malaria epidemic in Brazil in 1938-1940 on subsequent human capital attainment, exploiting cohort- and regional-heterogeneity in expo- sure to identify effects. I argue disease related mortality is likely to differ by gender and migrant status, and allow for differential effects for these groups. A model of (mortality) selection and scarring is used to frame results. Selec- tion dominates for non-migrants whilst migrants are less selected or scarred. Scarring effects are particularly evident for female migrants. Chapter 4 investigates whether child health determines work and schooling. Unob- served heterogeneity and simultaneity concerns are addressed by exploiting panel data from the Philippines, with a first-difference instrumental vari- ables estimator used. The change in health between age 11/12 and 14/15 is instrumented for by health and breastfeeding duration in the first two years of life. A change in boys height-for-age of one standard deviation raises the probability of work by 36 percentage points, weekly hours of work by 11 hours, and lowers probability of school attendance by 30 percentage points. Estimates for girls are statistically weaker and may be affected by lack of data on domestic work.
Download or read book Empirical Essays on Health Care for Children and Families written by Zuleyha Neziroglu Cidav and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three empirical essays investigating different aspects of health care for children and families. The first essay examines the effectiveness of adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for preventive pediatric health care. Using a national longitudinal sample of children age two years and younger, we investigate whether compliance with prescribed periodic well-child care visits has beneficial effects on child health. We find that increased compliance improves child health. In particular, higher compliance lowers future risks of fair or poor health, of some history of a serious illness and of having a health limitation. The second essay examines child health care utilization in relation to maternal labor supply. We test the hypothesis that working-mothers trade off the advantages of greater income against the disadvantages of less time for other valuable tasks, such as seeking health care for their children. This tradeoff may result in positive, negative, or no net impacts on child health investment. We estimate health care demand regressions that include separate variables for mother's labor supply and her labor income. Our results indicate that higher maternal work hours reduce child health care visits; higher maternal earnings increase them. In addition, wage-employment, as opposed to self-employment, is detrimental to child health investment. A further finding is that preventive care demand for younger children is less sensitive to maternal time and income changes. We also find that detrimental time effects dominate beneficial income effects. The third essay studies intra-household resource allocation as it pertains to its demand for preventive medical care. We test the income-pooling hypothesis of the common preference model by using individual specific medical care consumption data and present evidence on the allocation of household resources to the medical needs of the child, husband and wife. Our results are in line with the findings of previous studies that emphasize the ongoing importance of the traditional gender role of woman as the primary caregiver. We find that the resources of the wife have a greater positive impact on child's and her own preventive care demand than does the resources of the husband. In contrast to most studies from developing countries, we find that US families do not exhibit differential health care demand based on child gender. It is also noteworthy that the wife's education level has a greater positive impact than that of her husband does on both the husband's and her own preventive care utilization.
Download or read book Women s Education in Developing Countries written by Elizabeth M. King and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-07-01 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do women in most developing countries lag behind men in literacy? Why do women get less schooling than men? This anthology examines the educational decisions that deprive women of an equal education. It assembles the most up-to-date data, organized by region. Each paper links the data with other measures of economic and social development. This approach helps explain the effects different levels of education have on womens' fertility, mortality rates, life expectancy, and income. Also described are the effects of women's education on family welfare. The authors look at family size and women's labor status and earnings. They examine child and maternal health, as well as investments in children's education. Their investigation demonstrates that women with a better education enjoy greater economic growth and provide a more nurturing family life. It suggests that when a country denies women an equal education, the nation's welfare suffers. Current strategies used to improve schooling for girls and women are examined in detail. The authors suggest an ambitious agenda for educating women. It seeks to close the gender gap by the next century. Published for The World Bank by The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Download or read book Essays on Education and Health in Developing Countries written by Booyuel Kim and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our research design to study the complementarities of these interventions is based on the randomized allocation of the different mix of interventions across classrooms. Our preliminary results indicate limited evidence of complementarities among the three interventions.
Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Health in Developing Countries written by Patrick O. Asuming and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: However, husband's education was associated with lower fertility especially when their wives were also educated. Wealth was associated with higher fertility, reflecting a higher child survival rate in wealthy families. Moreover, controlling for wealth does not affect the effect of education on fertility. We find that the reproductive health interventions affected both educated and uneducated women but the effect on educated women was stronger, leading to the emergence of an education-fertility differential 16 years after the introduction of the interventions. Our results suggest that in settings where men dominate reproductive decision-making, their education status may have a stronger effect on fertility than the educational attainment of women.
Download or read book Essays on Women s Empowerment in Developing Countries written by Jana Lenze and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Critical Perspectives on Schooling and Fertility in the Developing World written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-12-11 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume assesses the evidence, and possible mechanisms, for the associations between women's education, fertility preferences, and fertility in developing countries, and how these associations vary across regions. It discusses the implications of these associations for policies in the population, health, and education sectors, including implications for research.
Download or read book The main obstacles to children attending school in developing nations written by Sarah Docker and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-06-01 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2014 in the subject Sociology - Miscellaneous, grade: 95, The University of Sydney, language: English, abstract: “Get angry,” Tomasevski demands, “[and] help expose and oppose economic exclusion from education” (Tomasevski, 2006). This essay examines Tomasevski’s pressing call for indignation and action by uncovering the main obstacles to children attending primary school with a focus on the Sub-Saharan region. To preface this, it will first be established why education matters and is a human right reflected in international declarations. The essay will then narrow its effort into the economic direct, indirect and opportunity costs causing “the right to education [to] take a back seat” (ibid.). In doing so, it will also consider what values, ideologies and priorities are underpinning the persistence of these costs and the consequential inequities and violations of children’s human rights. The discussion will be broadened to cover two other non-economic barriers to attendance, health and gender. This will serve to illustrate that “institutionalised economic exclusion” (ibid.) is not the only problem to tackle in order to ensure that all children are provided with the appropriate opportunities and environment to gain a quality and transforming education. Essentially, an integrated and comprehensive rights-based approach is necessary.
Download or read book Essays in Economic Development written by Salma Ahmed and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents four self-contained essays that explore issues that are crucial in improving human well-being in a developing country: improving health, minimising child labour and reducing gender inequality. The analysis is focused on Bangladesh where the prevalence of child labour and gender differences in several domains is still widespread. The first essay aims to examine the gender wage gap along the entire wage distribution into an endowment effect and a discrimination effect, taking into account possible selection into full-time employment. Applying a new decomposition approach to the Bangladesh Labour Force Survey (LFS) datasets of 1999 and 2005, we find that women are paid less than men everywhere on the wage distribution and the gap is higher at the lower end of the distribution. Discrimination against women is the primary determinant of the wage gap. We also find that this gap has widened between 1999 and 2005. The second essay examines whether gender differences in tertiary enrolment rates can be explained by wage premiums in returns from secondary to tertiary education levels. Using LFS data, we find that wage premiums do not have any significant effect on the gender gap in tertiary enrolment rates. We also note that wage premiums in returns from secondary to tertiary education significantly influence tertiary enrolment rates for males but not for females, once additional variables are added. We offer evidence that part of the explanation for low female enrolment in tertiary education is attributable to demographic factors. The third essay investigates whether there is any trade-off between child labour hours and schooling. By drawing on the 2002 dataset of the Bangladesh National Child Labour Survey (NCLS), we find that working hours adversely affect child schooling from the very first hour of work. However, the marginal impact of child labour hours weakens when working hours increase; yet, working hours always negatively affect schooling when we use a non-parametric approach. We find that parents do not have identical preferences towards schooling decisions concerning boys and girls. Both mother and father show a significant preference for educating a female child. The same incentive effect is not found for a male child. These conclusions persist, even after allowing for sample selection in child labour. The fourth essay tests the effect of child labour on child health outcomes in Bangladesh. We use self-reported injury or illness due to work as a general measure of health status. Using NCLS data, we find that child labour is positively and significantly associated with the probability of being injured or becoming ill, once the endogenous relationship between these factors is accounted for. These findings remain robust when we consider child labour hours and restrict our analysis to rural areas. Moreover, the intensity of injury or illness is significantly higher in construction and manufacturing than in other sectors.
Download or read book Factfulness written by Hans Rosling and published by Flatiron Books. This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER “One of the most important books I’ve ever read—an indispensable guide to thinking clearly about the world.” – Bill Gates “Hans Rosling tells the story of ‘the secret silent miracle of human progress’ as only he can. But Factfulness does much more than that. It also explains why progress is so often secret and silent and teaches readers how to see it clearly.” —Melinda Gates "Factfulness by Hans Rosling, an outstanding international public health expert, is a hopeful book about the potential for human progress when we work off facts rather than our inherent biases." - Former U.S. President Barack Obama Factfulness: The stress-reducing habit of only carrying opinions for which you have strong supporting facts. When asked simple questions about global trends—what percentage of the world’s population live in poverty; why the world’s population is increasing; how many girls finish school—we systematically get the answers wrong. So wrong that a chimpanzee choosing answers at random will consistently outguess teachers, journalists, Nobel laureates, and investment bankers. In Factfulness, Professor of International Health and global TED phenomenon Hans Rosling, together with his two long-time collaborators, Anna and Ola, offers a radical new explanation of why this happens. They reveal the ten instincts that distort our perspective—from our tendency to divide the world into two camps (usually some version of us and them) to the way we consume media (where fear rules) to how we perceive progress (believing that most things are getting worse). Our problem is that we don’t know what we don’t know, and even our guesses are informed by unconscious and predictable biases. It turns out that the world, for all its imperfections, is in a much better state than we might think. That doesn’t mean there aren’t real concerns. But when we worry about everything all the time instead of embracing a worldview based on facts, we can lose our ability to focus on the things that threaten us most. Inspiring and revelatory, filled with lively anecdotes and moving stories, Factfulness is an urgent and essential book that will change the way you see the world and empower you to respond to the crises and opportunities of the future. --- “This book is my last battle in my life-long mission to fight devastating ignorance...Previously I armed myself with huge data sets, eye-opening software, an energetic learning style and a Swedish bayonet for sword-swallowing. It wasn’t enough. But I hope this book will be.” Hans Rosling, February 2017.
Download or read book Bodily Subjects written by Tracy Penny Light and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the nineteenth-century British Poor Laws, to an early twentieth-century Aboriginal reserve in Queensland Australia, to AIDS activists on the streets of Toronto in the 1990s, Bodily Subjects explores the historical entanglement between gender and health to expose how ideas of health - a concept whose meanings we too often assume to understand - are embedded in assumptions about femininity and masculinity. These essays expand the conversation on health and gender by examining their intersection in different geo-political contexts and times. Constantly measured through ideals and judged by those in authority, healthy development has been construed differently for teenage girls, adult men and women, postpartum mothers, and those seeking cosmetic surgery. Over time, meanings of health have expanded from an able body signifying health in the nineteenth century to concepts of "well-being," a psychological and moral interpretation, which has dominated health discourse in Western countries since the late twentieth century. Through examinations of particular times and places, across two centuries and three continents, Bodily Subjects highlights the ways in which the body is both subjectively experienced and becomes a subject of inquiry. Contributors include Barbara Brookes (University of Otago), Brigitte Fuchs (University of Vienna), Catherine Gidney (St Thomas University), Mona Gleason (University of British Columbia), Natalie Gravelle (York University), Rebecca Godderis (Wilfrid Laurier University), Antje Kampf (Humboldt University of Berlin), Marjorie Levine-Clark (University Colorado Denver), Wendy Mitchinson (University of Waterloo), Meg Parsons (University of Auckland), Tracy Penny Light (University of Waterloo), Patricia A. Reeve (Suffolk University), Anika Stafford (Simon Fraser University), and Thomas Wendelboe (University of Waterloo).
Download or read book ISSUES RELATED TO WOMEN ESSAYS IN ECONOMETRICS AND STATISTICS written by Ebru Çağlayan Akay - Merve Ertok Onurlu and published by HOLISTENCE PUBLICATIONS. This book was released on 2023-03-21 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the world, many women are at risk of being exposed to economic, physical, sexual, psychological, and emotional violence, or even intentional homicide. They might also be exposed to discrimination based on their socio-demographic characteristics, such as their ethnic background, religion, and educational level. The purpose of this book is to bring together academics and researchers working in the fields of applied econometrics and applied statistics as they pertain to women’s issues. The twelve-chapter book includes insights on present econometric and statistical methodologies on women’s issues, as well as a better understanding and evaluation of contemporary policy implications, initiatives, and procedures pertaining to women.
Download or read book Children s Services in the Developing World written by Najat M'Jid and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children’s services in The Developing World brings together evidence relating to the health and development of children in the global South. It is essential reading for students, scientists, policy makers and practitioners in economically developing countries. The book deals with the effects of catastrophe, disease, war and poverty on children's development. There is strong coverage of the ways in which children cope with even the most inauspicious of circumstances. Evidence is provided on the incidence of impairment to health and development. As well as establishing the risks to child well-being in the economic South, the book shows how to intervene to address those risks. Examples of good practice rigorously evaluated will be of interest to everyone seeking to improve the lives of children, whether that be in economically developed or developing nations.
Download or read book Gender Education and Development written by Christine Heward and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 1999 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book grounds the education of women and girls in the realities of their lives and experience in diverse areas of the developing world. Moving beyond the previous emphasis on access to education to problematise its content and the way it is experienced, the case studies range from the Arakambut of Peru to the changing experience of racialised education in South Africa. The contributors take issue with the World Bank's view that the education of girls and women is important primarily as a cost-effective mechanism for making women more economically productive. Including an overview chapter on the impact of structural adjustment on education throughout Latin America and Africa, the book provides detailed information on Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Ethiopia, Tanzania, South Africa, Niger and Mauritius. It meets the urgent need to understand the education of women and girls in their economic, political and cultural contexts.
Download or read book Children s Lifeworlds written by Olga Nieuwenhuys and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children's Lifeworlds examines how working children face the challenge of having to combine work with school in Kerala. Moving beyond the usual concern with child labour and welfare to a critical assessment of the daily work routine of children, this book questions how class and kinship, gender and household organization, state ideology and education influence and conceal the lives of children in developing countries. Presenting an extraordinarily sympathetic and detailed case study of boys' and girls' work routine in a south Indian village, this book shows children creating the visibility of their work. The combination of personal experience, quantitative data and in-depth anthropological methods, sheds light on the world of those who, though they hold the future, have been left in the dark.
