Download or read book Essays on Democratization and Taxation written by Soumyanetra Munshi and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains three chapters on political economy. Chapter 2 develops a game-theoretic model of democratization while chapter 3 studies women's suffrage in the United States empirically. Chapter 4 is a theoretical chapter exploring taxation with endogenous income. In chapter 2, I propose a political-economic model of democratization. In this model, part of the electorate wants extension because this makes their favorite outcome in future, more achievable. And to increase their current probabilities of winning, parties propose extension, even if that means moving away from their favorite platforms in future. Here extension of franchise occurs under the following circumstances: an almost even distribution of partisans in the population, large rents from office and a particular party enjoying some partisan advantage among the voters. The mechanism does not explicitly incorporate redistributive aspects of franchise extension and hence is a more plausible model for instances of enfranchisement where redistributive repercussions may not have been a potent consideration, like women's suffrage. In chapter 3, I study women's suffrage in the United States empirically. Though women's suffrage was federally mandated in the United States by the nineteenth amendment in 1920, many states had granted suffrage to women prior to that and most of them were clustered in the west. I revisit some of the popular conjectures that have been put forward to explain why these states moved first to give women the vote and offer a hypothesis of partisan competition leading to suffrage extension. I find evidence that early enfranchisement of women in the western states was driven by the intensity of competition between Republicans and Democrats, as well as by adverse female-male ratios, greater concentration of the population in urban areas and by a neighboring states adoption of women's suffrage. Also, the 'risk' of suffrage enactments was increasing over time. In chapter 4, I study income taxation with endogenous income. In a voting-over-income-taxation game, there exists no pure strategy equilibrium when voters' incomes are exogenous. This is true even if the space of tax-schedules is restricted to be marginally progressive only. However in such a setting, with endogenous income, pure strategy equilibrium exists.

Download or read book A Predatory Democracy written by Carl Hampus Lyttkens and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Democratization and Redistribution in the Philippines written by Nicole Melissa Velasco and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does democratization lead to redistribution? The redistributive hypothesis has long contended that it does, but existing work has been conflicted and inconclusive. This dissertation seeks to deepen and expand our understanding of the redistributive hypothesis by using the Philippines as a case study. Unlike most previous studies, I explore the effects of democratization on many different aspects of redistribution. The three chapters of this dissertation cover the effects of democratization on tax structure, public services provision, and land redistribution. Throughout, I use both qualitative and quantitative analyses and construct several original datasets based on primary and secondary sources. My results show that democratization has increased some forms of redistribution but that the effect has not been universal. On the one hand, I find evidence that democratization led to more progressive taxation and increases in the government consumption, education spending, public school enrollment, and land redistribution. On the other hand, I find no evidence that democratization led to increases in total tax revenue or health outcomes. Moreover, while tax revenue came from more progressive sources under democracy, this result is attributable to greater tax compliance by the wealthy rather than more progressive statutory tax rates. Similarly, while land redistribution increased under democratization, it also still encountered significant limits. Overall, my results provide partial support for the redistributive hypothesis. Consistent with this hypothesis, my analysis of the Philippines demonstrates that democratization can still lead to redistribution in developing countries today. However, despite seeing this effect, we also observe substantial restrictions on both the type and degree of redistribution in the Philippines. This suggests shortcomings in the redistributive hypothesis as well as the importance of analyzing multiple measures of redistribution.

Download or read book Essays on the Political Economy of Taxation written by Raul Alberto Ponce Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second essay addresses the role of voters' partisan attitudes in the determination of fiscal policies. We argue that partisan attitudes and its distribution across the electorate influence the proportion of the expected votes that different coalitions deliver in the election. We identify conditions in which voters' partisan attitudes affect the provision of a public good and the redistributive properties of the tax structure.

Download or read book Taxation and Democracy written by Sven Steinmo and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining the structure, politics and historic development of taxation in several countries, this book compares three quite different political democracies. It provides an account of the ways these democracies have financed their welfare programs despite w

Download or read book Essays on Tax Revenue Composition in Developing Countries written by Hélène Ehrhart and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on the composition of tax revenue in developing countries and analyses its determinants and consequences. The first part examines the political economy factors shaping tax revenue composition, by considering the impact of elections and democratization, while the second part deals with the consequences of specific tax revenue compositions in terms of tax revenue stabilization and social welfare. Several results emerge. Elections have a significant influence on tax revenue composition since indirect tax revenues are decreased in election times (Chapter 1). These electoral manipulations are less strong in countries where democracy is well-Established. Moreover, Chapter 2 found that a more democratic political regime, with strong constraints on the executive, helps to enhance domestic tax revenues that are necessary to replace the lost revenues from trade liberalization. The second part of the thesis reveals interesting results on the effects of tax revenue composition on the stabilization of tax revenue and on its social incidence. Chapter 3 highlighted the importance of finding remedies to tax revenue instability since it induces public spending instability which in turn decreases the level of public investment. A higher reliance on domestic indirect taxes in total tax revenues has been found to lead to the stabilization of tax revenue. In addition, the results of Chapter 4 showed that the value-Added tax significantly reduces tax revenue instability in the developing countries where it was adopted. The social incidence of domestic indirect taxes was compared to the social incidence of tariffs in Chapter 5 and it was established that tariffs are more regressive than taxes on consumption in Burkina Faso.

Download or read book Taxation and State Building in Developing Countries written by Deborah Brautigam and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-01-10 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a widespread concern that, in some parts of the world, governments are unable to exercise effective authority. When governments fail, more sinister forces thrive: warlords, arms smugglers, narcotics enterprises, kidnap gangs, terrorist networks, armed militias. Why do governments fail? This book explores an old idea that has returned to prominence: that authority, effectiveness, accountability and responsiveness is closely related to the ways in which governments are financed. It matters that governments tax their citizens rather than live from oil revenues and foreign aid, and it matters how they tax them. Taxation stimulates demands for representation, and an effective revenue authority is the central pillar of state capacity. Using case studies from Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America, this book presents and evaluates these arguments, updates theories derived from European history in the light of conditions in contemporary poorer countries, and draws conclusions for policy-makers.

Download or read book Democratic Theory written by Crawford Brough Macpherson and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Decline and Rise of Democracy written by David Stasavage and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-24 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Historical accounts of democracy's rise tend to focus on ancient Greece and pre-Renaissance Europe. The Decline and Rise of Democracy draws from global evidence to show that the story is much richer--democratic practices were present in many places, at many other times, from the Americas before European conquest, to ancient Mesopotamia, to precolonial Africa. Delving into the prevalence of early democracy throughout the world, David Stasavage makes the case that understanding how and where these democracies flourished--and when and why they declined--can provide crucial information not just about the history of governance, but also about the ways modern democracies work and where they could manifest in the future."--

Download or read book Limits Of Law written by Peter Schuck and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-03-08 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Law is an increasingly pervasive force in our society. At the same time, however, the obstacles to law’s effectiveness are also growing. In The limits of Law, Yale law professor Peter H, Schuck draws on law, social science, and history to explore this momentous clash between law’s compelling promise of ordered liberty and the realistic limits of its capacity to deliver on this promise. Schuck first discusses the constraints within which law must work–law’s own complexity, the cultural chasms it must bridge, and the social diversity it must accommodate–and proceeds to consider the ways law uses regulatory, legislative, and adjudicatory processes to influence social behavior. He shows how politics shapes regulation, how regulation might incorporate individualized equity, and how it can best be reformed. Turning to legislation, he justifies a strong role for special interest groups, dissects purely symbolic statutes, and defends broad delegations of legislative power to regulatory agencies. Concerning adjudication, Schuck analyzes the courts’ efforts to advance social justice by controlling federal agencies, constitutionalizing politics, managing mass toxic tort disputes, and reforming public services and institutions. His concluding chapter draws together some general lessons about law’s limits and possibilities for improving democratic governance.

Download or read book Introducing Democracy written by David Beetham and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a selection of questions and answers covering the principles of democracy, including human rights, free and fair elections, open and accountable government, and civil society.

Download or read book Inequality and Democratization written by Ben W. Ansell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on the economic origins of democracy and dictatorship has shifted away from the impact of growth and turned toward the question of how different patterns of growth - equal or unequal - shape regime change. This book offers a new theory of the historical relationship between economic modernization and the emergence of democracy on a global scale, focusing on the effects of land and income inequality. Contrary to most mainstream arguments, Ben W. Ansell and David J. Samuels suggest that democracy is more likely to emerge when rising, yet politically disenfranchised, groups demand more influence because they have more to lose, rather than when threats of redistribution to elite interests are low.

Download or read book Transforming Post Communist Political Economies written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-03-02 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ground-breaking new volume focuses on the interaction between political, social, and economic change in Central and Eastern Europe and the New Independent States. It includes a wide selection of analytic papers, thought-provoking essays by leading scholars in diverse fields, and an agenda for future research. It integrates work on the micro and macro levels of the economy and provides a broad overview of the transition process. This volume broadens the current intellectual and policy debate concerning the historic transition now taking place from a narrow concern with purely economic factors to the dynamics of political and social change. It questions the assumption that the post-communist economies are all following the same path and that they will inevitably develop into replicas of economies in the advanced industrial West. It challenges accepted thinking and promotes the utilization of new methods and perspectives.

Download or read book The Politics Industry written by Katherine M. Gehl and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2020-06-23 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading political innovation activist Katherine Gehl and world-renowned business strategist Michael Porter bring fresh perspective, deep scholarship, and a real and actionable solution, Final Five Voting, to the grand challenge of our broken political and democratic system. Final Five Voting has already been adopted in Alaska and is being advanced in states across the country. The truth is, the American political system is working exactly how it is designed to work, and it isn't designed or optimized today to work for us—for ordinary citizens. Most people believe that our political system is a public institution with high-minded principles and impartial rules derived from the Constitution. In reality, it has become a private industry dominated by a textbook duopoly—the Democrats and the Republicans—and plagued and perverted by unhealthy competition between the players. Tragically, it has therefore become incapable of delivering solutions to America's key economic and social challenges. In fact, there's virtually no connection between our political leaders solving problems and getting reelected. In The Politics Industry, business leader and path-breaking political innovator Katherine Gehl and world-renowned business strategist Michael Porter take a radical new approach. They ingeniously apply the tools of business analysis—and Porter's distinctive Five Forces framework—to show how the political system functions just as every other competitive industry does, and how the duopoly has led to the devastating outcomes we see today. Using this competition lens, Gehl and Porter identify the most powerful lever for change—a strategy comprised of a clear set of choices in two key areas: how our elections work and how we make our laws. Their bracing assessment and practical recommendations cut through the endless debate about various proposed fixes, such as term limits and campaign finance reform. The result: true political innovation. The Politics Industry is an original and completely nonpartisan guide that will open your eyes to the true dynamics and profound challenges of the American political system and provide real solutions for reshaping the system for the benefit of all. THE INSTITUTE FOR POLITICAL INNOVATION The authors will donate all royalties from the sale of this book to the Institute for Political Innovation.

Download or read book Rules and Rights in the Middle East written by Ellis Goldberg and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "As a whole, the book demonstrates that neither the region's overgrown state structures nor the corresponding weakness of autonomous societal organizations can be explained by referring to cultural characteristics of the people in the Middle East or to the precepts of their religions. True explanations, the authors argue, should be framed historically. They pay special attention to the relations among the various groups and regions of the Middle East and to those between the Middle East and western Europe. The authors emphasize the important role played by economic issues and constraints in broadening or narrowing the scope of democracy at various points in time; and finally, they are in agreement in seeing religion and culture of the Middle East not in static and essentialist terms but as dynamic phenomena that grow independently and even in opposition to existing political authorities."--BOOK JACKET.

Download or read book Fabian Essays in Socialism written by Bernard Shaw and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Liberal Vision and Other Essays on Democracy and Progress written by Stein Ringen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Democracy rests on an idea of equality, that everyone counts the same. But capitalism breeds inequality. The transgression of economic power into the domain of democratic politics has become so great that the people's democracy is being destroyed before our very eyes.